
mm\ 







m 




















t^-^ 
















,« .: 










'•^^.<c oV^^^MU^^i'- "^ov^ :^^.'- "-^^o^' /''^S''': '^bv^" 











V 










o 



k^7 



:^o 




I^OTE 



The following statement relative to the organization and status of 
Missouri troops in service during the civil war was also published in 
Senate Document, No. 412, Fifty-seventh Congress, first session. 
War Department, 

Record and Pension Office, 

Washington^ June 30, 1902. 



ORGANIZATION AND STATUS 



OF 



MISSOUEI TEOOPS 



(UNION AND CONFEDERATE 



IN SERVICE DURING THE CIVIL WAR, 



RFXORD AND PENSION OFFICE, WAR DEPARTMENT 



WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 

19 2. 



^-S> 



49 



'-•.p-. 



i ' .'. 



v 



u' 



-V\0 



A 



■4' 



TABLE OF COJSTTEJSrTa 



UNION ORGANIZATIONS. 

Introductory remarks ^*^^- 

Three Months' Militia, 1861 '' 

Six Months' Mihtia ^^ 

Missouri State Militia [[[ ^^ 

Enrolled Missouri Militia ' ^^ 

Provisional Enrolled Missouri Militia..".. * ^^ 

Provisional Enrolled Militia ^^ 

""ZZ^^^S^"^'''' -^e;- au^hoiit^ii-S^t^ W;.! O.iei^-i^-3:;, '' 

Mis^souri Militia, organized under ord;;;;;V;7 State 'c^nV^ntVon 'of' "April" 8, '"^ 

United States Reserve Corps", 'three months' "s"e"r"vk;: ." ." Z 

United States Reserve Corps, three years' service . i nf 

Three lears' Volunteers ^"^ 

Six or Twelve Months' Volunteers .".'.' ^^^ 

One, Two, or Three Years' Volunteers.. ^^^ 

Home Guards, 1861 ^^^ 

Citizen Guards ^^^ 

Mississippi Marine Brigade ^^^ 

Marine Corps " ^^4 

L!^fof'^Z^^"■^^^^^^ III 

the Uni ed.? °^^^^^^^^^«"« r-g»la^ly ™u«tered into the militarv service of 
It^erl-i ..".". "!!'";:"^ ''' *'^ ''^'^ I^epartment as having been in 

List of Missouri organizations"of Milida;'ci"tken Guards', a"nd"Mari;"e"c"or'p's*;;*t ^^^ 

m the mihtary service of the United States ... . 227 

CONFEDERATE ORGANIZATIONS. 

Introductory remarks 

Missouri State Guard ^^^ 

Missouri Volunteers, Confed'e"rate "ser'vice! ! ! Itt 

Local Defense '^^^ 

nstofMissouriStateGua;d";;gan[;ati;n;;^^ 320 

Lis Missouri orgamzations in the service of the Confederate States 332 

List of Missouri Local Defense organizations, Confederate service :.;; 336 

5 



INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 



The conditions existing in Missouri during the civil war were pecul- 
iar in that the State was represented by two governments, one main- 
taining its allegiance to the Federal Union, the other, after declaring 
the State a sovereign and independent republic, forming an alliance 
with the Confederate States and finally acknowledging organic union 
therewith. 

These exceptional conditions, and others which resulted from the 
geographical position of the State and the divided sentiment of its 
people, forming them into hostile factions, resulted in many perplexi- 
ties and informalities in the organization of the military forces of the 
State and the creation of a great variety of organizations, especially 
on the side of the Union, some of them previouslj' unknown to the 
military service of the United States. These irregularities caused 
much perplexity and misunderstanding as to the status of some of the 
organizations and the relations of their members to the State and to 
the General Government. 

The nature of these irregularities and their results will be pointed 
out in the following pages. It is sufficient here to state that not less 
than seventeen different classes of troops were organized in the State of 
Missouri on the Union side alone, not counting the several varieties 
of those classified in this paper as Home or Citizen Guards. 

7 



UNION ORGANIZATIONS. 



THREE MONTHS' MILITIA, 1861. 



On April 15, 1861. the President issued his proclamation calling for 
75,000 militia for the purpose of suppressing insurrection and "to 
cause the laws to be duly executed." This proclamation was in terms 
as follows: 

Whereas, the laws of the United States have been for some time past and now are 
opposed and the execution thereof obstruoted in the States of South Carolina, Geor- 
gia, Alabama, Florida, Mississij)])!, Louisiana, and Texas by combinations too power- 
ful to be suppressed by the ordinary course of judicial proceedings or by the powers 
vested in the marshals by law: 

Now, therefore, I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the Ignited States, in virtue of 
the power in me vested by the Constitution and the laws, have thouorht fit to call 
forth, ami hereby do call itorth, the militia of the several States of the Union, to the 
aggregate number of 75,000, in order to suppress said com1)inations and to cause the 
laws to be duly executed. 

The details of this object will be immediately communicated to the State authori- 
ties through the War Department. 

I appeal to all loyal citizens to favor, facilitate, and aid this effort to maintain the 
honor, the integrity, and tlie existence of our national Union and the perpetuity of 
poj)ular government, and to redress wrongs already long enough endured. 

I deem it proper to say that the first service assigned to the forces hereby called 
forth will probably be to repossess the forts, places, and property which have been 
seized from the Union, and in every event the utmost care will be observed consist- 
ently with the objects aforesaid to avoid any devastation, any destruction of or 
interference with property, or any disturbance of peaceful citizens in any part of the 
country. 

And' I hereby command the persons composing the combinations aforesaid to 
disperse and retire peaceably to their respective al)odes within twenty days from date. 

Deeming that the present condition of pul)lic affairs presents an extraordinary 
occasion, I do hereby, in virtue of the power in me vested by the Constitution, con- 
vene both Houses of Congress. 

Senators and Representatives are therefore summoned to asseml)le at their respec- 
tive Chambers at 12 o'clock noon on Thursday, the 4th day of July next, then and 
there to consider and determine such measures as in their wisdom the public safety 
and interest may seem to demand. 

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United 
States to be affixed. 

Done at the city of Washington this 15th day of April, in the year of our Lord 
1861, and of the independence of the United States the eighty-fifth. 

Abraham Lincoln. 

By the President: 

William H. Seward, 

Secret nri) of State. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series III, Vol. 1, pp.- 

67,68.] 

On the date of this proclamation the Secretary of War addressed let- 
ters to the go^'^rnors of twenty -four States, including one to the gov- 
ernor of Missouri of which the following is a cop3': 

War Department, 

Washington, April 15, 1S61. 

Sir: Under the act of Congress "for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of 
the L^nion, suppress insurrections, repel invasions," etc., api)roved February 28, 1795, 

11 



12 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

1 have tlie lioiior to request your excellency to cause to be imniediatelv detached 
from the militia of your State' the (juota designated in the table below, "to serve as 
infantry or riflemen for the period of three months, unless sooner discharged. 

Your excellency will please communicate to me the time at or about which your 
quota will be expecte<l at it.s rendezvous, as it will be met as soon as practicable by 
an officer or officers to nuister it into the service and pay of the United States. At 
tlie .«ame time the oath of fidelity to the United States will be administered to every 
officer and man. The mustering officer will be instructed to receive no man under 
the rank of commissioned officer who is in years apparently over 45 or under 18, or 
who is not in physical strength and vigor. 



* 



Simon Cameron, 
S'ecretar)/ of War. 
[Ibid., pp. 68, 69.] 

The (luota of the State of Mis^souri, desig-nated in the table which 
accompanied thi.s letter, was four regiiiientc; of infantry, being an 
aggregate of 3,123 officers and enlisted men, including one brigadier- 
general. 

On the same date, also, April 15. IStJl, an order was issued from the 
War Department detailing officers of the Regular Arm3' to muster 
the troops into the military service of the United States, the order for 
the State of Missouri being as follows: 

Speci.\l Orders, ) War Department, Adjutant-General's Office, 

No. 106. J Wufihlvgtoii, April 1,5, 1861. 

The officers named below are detailed to muster into the service of the United 
States, for the States, and at the stations set opposite their names, respectively, the 
troops called out by the President's pro(;lamation of this date. 

They will acknowledge the receipt of this order, repair to the rendezvous desig- 
nated, and report their arrival to the Adjutant-General of the Armv and the govern- 
ors of the resi>ecti\'e States, and will execute the duties assigned them with as little 
delay as practicable, reporting the progress and completion of their labors to the 
Adjutant-! ieneral of the Army direct. 

In addition to these duties, 'the nmstering officers will perform such staff duties as 
may be assigned them by the chiefs of the supply departments of the Army. 
******* 

Missouri, St. Louis. First Lieut. J. M. Schofield, First Artillery, and First Lieut. 
George B. Cosby, Second C-avalry. 

******* 
By order of the Secretary of War: 

L. Thomas, Adjutant- General. 
The governor of the State emphatically declined to honor the requi- 
sition of the President, advising the Secretary of War, in a telegram 
dated April 17, IS(il, as follows: 

ExEciTivE Department, 

-, ^ ^, Jefferson Citi/, Mo., April 17, 1»)1. 

Hon. Simon Ca.meron, 

Serretanj of War. 

Sir: Your dispatch of the 15th instant, making a call on Missouri for four regi- 
ments of men for immediate service, has been received. There can be, I apprehend, 
no doubt but the men are intended to form a part of the President's armv to make 
war upon the people of the seceded States. 

Your re(iuisition, in my judgment, is illegal, unconstitutional, and revolutionary 
in Its object, udiuman and diabolical, and can not be complied with. Not one man 
will the State of Mis-souri furnish to carry on any such unholy cru.sade. 

C. F. Jackson, Governor of Mixaonri. 
[Ibi,l.,pp.,sL>,,s:;.] 



THREE months' MILITIA. 13 

On the same date, April 17, 1861, Mr. Frank P. Blair, jr., tele- 
graphed to the Secretary of War: 

East St. Lons, April 17, 1861. 
Hon. S. Cameron, Secretnnj of ]\ar: 

Our governor will not meet your reijuisition for volunteers. Will you accept inde- 
pendent companies and regiments from jNIissouri? If so, please order C'aj^tain Lyon 
to muster them into service. 

******* 

Frank P. Blair, Jr. 
[Ibid., Series T, Vol. LIU, pp. 488,489.] 

On April 11^^ IStJl, Mr. Blair ag-ain telegraphed the Secretary- of 
War, as follows: 

East St. Louis, April 19, 1861. 
Hon. Simon Cameron: 

* * * Send order l)y telegrai)h at once for mustering men into service to Capt. 
N. Lyon. It will surely then l)e executed, and w^e will fill your requisition in two 
days. * * ^ Answer innnediately. 

Frank P. Blaik, Jr. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. I, pp. 668, 669.] 

On April 21. 1861, Brigadier-General Harney, commanding the 
Department of the West, denied the request of Captain L3"on, com- 
manding the troops at the St. Louis Arsenal, that he be authorized to 
accept the services of volunteers for its defense. General Harney\s 
letter on this subject is as follows: 

Headquarters Department of the West, 

St. Louis, Mo., April 21, 1861. 
Capt. X. Lyon, 

Second Infantry, Commanding Troops, St. Louis Arsenal, Mo. 
Sir: Your two communications of this date, one asking for authority to accept the 
services of volunteers in the defense of the St. Louis Arsenal, * * * have been 
laid before the commanding general, who deems it inexpedient to approve the 
recommendations contained in your communications. 

I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

S. WiMJAMS, 

A ssi slant A djii taut- General. 
[Book No. 8, Department of the West, pp. 71, 72.] 

On the same date Brigadier-General Harney was relieved from his 
command in an order from the War Department of which the follow- 
ing is a copy: 

An.TUTA NT-Genera l' s Office, 

Washin</to)i, April SI, 1861. 
Brig. Gen. W. S. Harnev, 

Commanding Dejxirtment of tlie West, St. Louis, Mo. 
General: I am directed by the Secretary of War to say that you are hereby 
relieved from the command of the Dejiartment of the West,-' which will devolve 
uijon the senior officer in the dei)artment, and you will repair to this city and report 
to the General in Chief. 

I have the honor to V)e, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

L. Tho.mas, Adjutant-General. 
[Official Eecords of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. I, p. 669.] 

On the same date also, April 21, 1861, Captain Lyon was instructed 
by the War Department to execute the order previously given to pro- 

■■' Revoked l)y Special Orders, No. 12S, A. G. 0., Slay 8, 1861. 



14 MISSOUKI TROOPS UNION. 

teet tho puhlio property and execute the laws, and to •'muster four 
regiments into service." The telej>rani conveying these instructions 
is as follows: 

A D.iuTANT-( General's Office, April 31, 1861. 
Capt. N. Lyon, 

Second Inf<tntri/, Ensl St. Loalfi: 
General Harney lias this day been relieved from his coinnian*!. The Secretary of 
War direetH that you immediately execute the order previously given to arm "the 
loyal citizens, to protect the public property and execute the laws. Muster four 
regiments into the service. 

L. Thomas, Adjutant-dein'raL 
[Ibid., p. (j70.] 

Farther correspondence on the same subject was had between Mr. 
Frank P. Blair, jr.. Capt. Fitz John Porter, a.ssistant adjutant-general 
(then at Harrislmrg. Pa., on a special mission for the War Department), 
and others. Captain Portoi- reported: 

Headqcarteks Department of Pennsylvania, 

Philadelphia, May 1, 1861. 
Col. Lorenzo Thomas, 

Adjutant- General U. S. Anni/, Waxliini/ton, I). ('. 
Colonel: I respectfully repeat in writing my report substiiutially made verbally to 
the General in Chief of my late expedition from Washington to Harrisburg, Pa. 
" ****** 

Seated in Governor Curtin's telegraph othce at the capitol Governor Curtin handed 
me the following despatch, suggesting at the time I should rejily to it as I had to oth- 
ers already received from the same person: 

"St. Locis, Mo., Apnl 21, 1861. 
"Governor A. G. Ccrtin, Harrhhnrg, Pa.: 

"An officer of the Army here has received an order to muster in ^Missouri regi- 
ments. General Harney refuses to let them remain in the arsenal grounds or permit 
them to be armed. I wish these facts to be communicated to the Secretary of War 
by special messenger and instructions sent immediately to Harney to receive the 
troops at the arsenal and arm them. Our friends distrust Harney very much. He 
should be superseded immediately by putting another commander in the district. 
The object of the seces.sionists is to seize the arsenal with its 70,000 staii<l of arms, 
ami he refuses the means of defending it. We have iilenty of men but no arms. 

Frank P. Blair, Jr." 

A previous message had l)een received asking that Capt. X. Lyon, Second Infantry, 
should be assigned as mustering otficer and to arm and e(|uii) the troojis and to com- 
mand tliem, and I had rei)lied that Lieut. .1. M. Schotield, then in St. Louis, had 
been detailed as mustering otticer. Other telegrams came urging Lyon's appoint- 
ment, so when the above dispatch was luunk'd to me, I felt it was my duty, and that 
I would be justifu'd to use the name and antiiority of the Secretary of War and of 
the (ieneral in Chief, and I at once telegraphe<l: 

"Hai{i<isi{ii{(;, Pa., April Jl, 1861. 
"General Harney, 

'' Coiniiiaudinf/, St. Lonis, Mo.: 
"Capt. Nathaniel Lyon, Second Infantry, is detailed to muster in the troops at St. 
Louis and to use them for the protection of public pro{)erty. Yon will see that they 
are properly armed and eijuippeil. 

"By order (»f Lieutenant-(Teneral Scott: 

" F. .1. Pokteh, 
'^ A.isi.itatd .Idjnlant-Gmmd.'' 

" HARRisitci«;, Pa., April Jl, 1861. 
"Hon. Frank V. Bi.aih, .Jr., .SV. /,inii.^, Mo.: 

"Capt. N. Lyon, Se<;ond Infantry, has l)een detailed to muster in the troops at 
St. I^»uis and to use them for the firotection of publii- property. 
"By order of the Secretary of War: 

" F. J. Porter, 
' ^AKKiMa nt A iljntaut- ( h'neral. ' ' 



THREE months' MILITIA. • 15 

Similar telegrams were sent to Maj. Seth Williams and to Captain Lyon. 



* 



Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

F. J. Porter, 

n-,.-, £, • T ^7 , X T ^ X ^^ssistant Adjutant- General. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. LI, Part I, pp. 345-351.] 

The immediate result of the repeated instructions to General Har- 
ney and Captain Lyon appears in special orders issued by the former 
on April 22, 1861, as follows: 

Special Orders, ") Headquarters Department of the West, 

^^■^^- i St. Louis, Mo., April 22, \S61. 

In compliance with instructions which have been received from the headquarters 
of the Arniy, Capt. N. Lyon, Second Infantry, is detailed to muster in the troops 
at fc>t. Louis and to use them for the defense of the public property " 
By order of Brigadier-General Harney: 

S. Williams, 
Assistant Adjutant-General. 
[Book No. 87, Departments of the West and Western, p. 294.] 

foi? " ^^^ '^"^^ ^'^^^' "^^^^^ ^^' "^^^^' ^^P^^^" ^"^'°" telegraphed as 

ri^i T rr ^j- , . ^, , ^^^'^ St. Louis, [April] 22, 1861. 

Col. L. Thomas, Adjutant-General: > l /- j , 

Dispatch to muster troops received at twelve (12) o'clock last night I have 
to-day received seven hundred (700) men, and armed six hundred (600). 

N. Lyon, 
[E. & P., 463363.] ^'"^^"'"' '^''"^"^ Mantry. 

_ Under date of April 27, 1861, Captain Lyon, then commanding the 
bt. Louis Arsenal, made a detailed report of his operations in a letter 
of which the following- is an extract: 

Col. L. Thomas, '^^- ^^'^^' '^^'^^-"" '^^''^^ ~^' '^''- 

Adjutant-General, Washington, D. C. 
Sir: Since receiving the authority to receive and muster in 3Iissouri troops at this 
place, It has been a physical impossibility to write for the purpose of informing, the 
Department of what is transpiring here. The first telegraphic dispatch of the 21st 
instant, trcyn Major Porter, was received about 12 o'clock of that night, and the vol- 
unteer companies comnienced arriving early next morning. About 700 arrived that 
day and 600 were armed. On the next day (Tuesday, 23d ) nearly the same number 
arrived and 400 were armed. Through Wednesday and Thursday the arrivals con- 
tinued about the same, and on Thursday 2,100 had been received, armed, and sworn 
into the Lnited States service. Through yesterday and to-dav about 200 men per 
day have been received, and all except one company armed. One regiment is full 
two others are nearly full, and about half a regiment more is formed. Offers to the 
extent of several thousands more will doubtless be made, and if it is the wish of the 
(rovernment to accept them, I shall need to be so informed, as my orders now limit 
me to four regiments As there is artillery enough of light and heavv pieces for about 
three companies, and as there are many excellent artillerists who 'are exceedinelv 
anxious to organize as artillery companies, I have started a battalion of three com- 
panies tor the purpose of working our pieces, and to be ready for active service with 
them in the held in case ot moving. I also have an application to accept a company 
ot sappers and miners who have had experience in Europe, and I propose to do so 
A complete and m a short time an efficient army corps can be thus organized at 
this point. I desire the instructions of the War Department upon these matters 
As these troops were received at once upon obtaining authority, and without any 
provisions beforehand tor them, and without officers of the Subsistence and (>uarter- 
master departments on the spot to attend upon them, and no arrangements for 
quartering them, great inconvenience to them has occurred, and an overwhelminc. 
business devolved upon mvself. wvci>^iieiiuiiie 

Q^^fi M^*"""" ''''^•^/" ''■''"* ""^ ^^^'^'■^ ^'^'' (company an<l staff duties. Lieutenant 
Schofield has cordially cooperated in swearing these troops into the service. Some 



16 * MISSOURI TROOPS — UNION. 

buildings out.-iide, having commanding positions, I have hired and occupied with 
troops in order to obtain additional room, as also to have in possession the positions 
desired by the secessionists for carrying out their long-cherished scheme of capturing 
this place. 

* ***** * 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

N. Lvox, 
Captain, Second Infantry, Comma7idin(;. 
[9oL., A.G.O., 1861.] 

On April 30, 1861, Captain Lyon wrote the Adjutant-General: 

St. Louis Arsenal, April 30, 1861. 
Col. L. Thomas, 

Adjutant-General, U. S. Army, Washington. 
Sir: I am accepting all the troops that offer, and at this time some 3,300 have 
offered, and 3,082 are armed. Deeming the emergencies pressing and fully requir- 
ing the (jovernment to avail itself of all available resources, I shall still accept these 
volunteers till countermanding orders are received. ITiis is unavoidable, both 
because the Government needs the services of these men, and because of the fear of 
State tyranny to force them into the secession ranks. No doubt 10,000 men can be 
raised here, and indications are that they will be needed sooner or later to meet the 
determined purpose of the State authorities to overturn the authority of the General 
Government, which, if true to herself, can maintain it here. 

* ****** 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

N. Lvox, 
Ca2)tain, Second Infantry, Commanding. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. I, pp. 675, 676.] 

Five regiments of infantr3% a battalion of light artillery and a ooni- 
panv of pioneers were speedily completed and mustered into the mil- 
itary service of the United States as Missouri Militia, thus more than 
tilling the quota of the State under the President's proclamation of 
April 15, 1861; and in another part of this paper it will be seen that 
another class of troops was subsequently organized, under the title of 
United States Reserve Corps, for three months'service, which has been 
recognized as Missouri Militia received under the call of April 15, 1861, 
making the niunber furnished under that call something more than 
10,000 men. The company and regimental othcers of the three' months' 
Missouri Militia of 1861 were elected and were mustered into service 
without commissions. Captain Lyon, by whom the regiments had 
been organized, was elected by the tield and company othcers of the 
First Brigade as brigadier-general, and proceeded to assume the com- 
mand of the several regiments organized by him and to appoint some 
of the officers of his stall. His action in this respect is fully set forth 
in a letter to the Adjutant-Oeneral of the Army, dated May 15, 1861, 
with which he inclosed a copy of the orders issued by him on his 
assumption of the command. The letter and inclosure are as follows: 

St. Louis Arsenal, May 15, 1S61. 
Col. L. Thomas,' 

Adjrdant-General , Wai^hinyton, D. C. 

Sui: I have the honor to inclose a copy of a general order issued by me upon 
re('eiving the certified returns of the election held by the Held and company officers 
of tlie four regiments called for from Missouri l)y i)roclamation of the Tresident. 
whicli constitute the First Brigadi' of Missouri Volunteers, for tiie l)rigadier-genei'al. 

By tlie laws of the State of Missouri a brigadier-general has tiie power to api)oint 
the ollicersof liis staff named in the order, with the respective rank as therein statt-d. 
Besides tliesc, lie can also appoint a (juarteriiiaster 'udge-advocate, and surgeon, with 
the rank of major, and an assistant surgeon, with t le rank of captain. 

Tlie office of qnartermaster is temporarily li i 1. No appointments have lieen 
nuule for the other offices last named. 



THREE months' MILITIA. 17 

The appointmeuts announced were made in conformity with the Missouri militia 
law and are respectfully referred to the Department, with the i-equest that instruc- 
tions in regard to them may be transmitted to me, setting forth whether or not the 
laws of Missouri shall be the basis of the formation of this brigade, or, if not, what 
provisions in respect to the staff officers of the brigade are or will be authorized by 
the General Government. 

I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

N. Lyox, Captain, Second Infantnj, Commanding. 

[Inclosurt'.] 

Headquakteks First Brkjade ^Missouri VoLrxxEERS, 

St. [jouh Armud, Maij 13, 1861. 
Orders, No. 1. 

1. By the authority of the President of the Ignited States the undersigned will 
retain the command of the different regiments which have been enrolled at these 
headquarters. 

2. Having ]»een elected l)rigadier-general of the four regiments which constitute 
the First Brigade of ^lissouri Volunteers, the undersigned acce{)ts the position thus 
tendered him, subject to the future action of the proper authorities, and returns his 
thanks to the othi'ers and men of those regiments foi' the contidence whicli they have 
reposed in him, hoping that his utmost exertions, which he pledges to the jiroper 
discharge of this important duty, may contril)ute to justify this t'ontidence. 

o. The following appointments to fill staff otRces of the First Brigade are announced: 

Chester Harding, jr., to be assistant adjutant-general, with the rank of lieutenant- 
colonel. 

Samuel Simmons, to be commissary of the brigade, with the rank of major. 

Horace A. Conant, to be paymaster of the First and Second regiments, with the rank 
of major. 

Chauncey P. E. Johnson, to be paymaster of the Third and Fourth regiments, with 
the rank of major. 

Bernard G. Farrar, to be aide-de-camp, with the rank of major. 

N. Lyon, 
Captain, Second Infantni, Commanding. 

[R. and P., 463367.] 

No action appears to have been taken upon (xeneral Lyon's letter 
quoted above, but in 1897, the status of the three montiis' Missouri 
Militia mustered into service in 1861 being under considerfttion, it was 
decided by the Assistant Secretary of War that these troops, officers 
of all grades included, must l>e considered to have l^een State militia 
called into the service of the United States l)y the President, and that 
the officers are entitled to the same recognition for services rendered 
that thev would have been entitled to had they been appointed and 
commissioned ])y the governor of the State. (R. and P., 450639.) 

As already stated, this force consisted of 1 battalion of light artil- 
lery, 5 regiments of infantr}", and 1 company of pioneers. It is proper 
to add that 3 of the infantry regiments consisted of 12 companies each, 
2 of which were designated as riflemen, and that a rifle battalion of 2 
companies and an independent company" of riflemen were also attached 
to the infantry force. 

S. Doc. 412 2 



SIX MONTHS' MILITIA. 



On August 24, 1861, shortly after the formation of tlie new State 
government. Governor GambU^ issued a prochimation calling into the 
service of the State of Missouri, for the period of six months, 42,000 
militia "to protect the lives and propertj' of the citizens of the State." 
Following is a copy of the proclamation: 

The powers of the civil authorities ]jein<4 inHufReient to protect the lives and prop- 
erty of the citizens of the State, I, Hamilton R. Ganiljle, governor of the State of 
Missouri, do hereby call into the active service of the State 42,000 men of the militia 
of the State, assigning 6,000 as the quota for each niilitarj' district, which is the same 
as a Congressional district. The force thus called into the service will be, as far as 
possible, a volunteer force and will consist of 10,000 cavalr}^ and 32,000 infantry. If 
the number volunteering should exceed this reijuisition, the excess will be held as a 
reserve corps. If there should be a deficiency, it may become necessary to resort to 
a draft. The adjutant-general will issue to the division inspector of the several mil- 
itary districts the order necessary to carry this requisition into effect. The force 
called out will be for six months, unless peace in the State be sooner restored. Arms 
will be furnished as rajaidly as they can be had. 

Given under my hand and the seal of the State at Jefferson City, tliis 24th day of 
August, in the year 1861. 

H. R. Gamble. 

By the Governor: 

M. Oliver, Secrelanj of State. 

[Annual Report Adjutant-General of Missouri, 1863, p. 9.] 

In compliance with the terms of the proclamation, the adjutant- 
general of the State issued a general order relative to the organization 
of the militia force, as folloAvs: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters, Jekferson City, 

No. 1. i August 24, 1861. 

Insi)ectors of divisions will immediately give notice of the times and places when 
and where they will attend, in their respective districts, to muster volunteers into 
the State service under the proclamation of the governor of this date. The force to 
be raised is (5,000 in each military district, to consist of 1,500 cavalry and 4,500 infan- 
try. The inspectors will cause elections for officers of com|)anies to be held, and 
election returns to be made to these headtjuarters immediately upon mustering com- 
panies into servi(;e. The company officers will proceed to elect the field officers of 
regiments as soon as possible. Tiiere has been pu1)lished a synojisis of the law for 
the organization of comi)anies, battalions, regiments, brigades, and divisions, which 
will be followed in the organization here ordered. If tiie insjjectors are unable to 
attend at all the places appointed for mustering the forces, they will give immediate 
notice to these headquartt'rs, in order that officers may be assigned to discharge the 
duty. 

By ()rder of the Connnander in Ciiief: 

G. R. Smith, Adjutant-General. 

[Il)i(l., p. 10.] 

Under date of August 80, 1S61, an " explanatory order ■' was issued 
from the State head(|uarters, in which it was announced that organized 
regiments of the militia, not exceeding 15 in number, would be per- 
mitted to vokmteer into the service of the United States to serve for 
18 



SIX months' milltia. 19 

the period of three years; and it was further announced that such of 
the militia as .should not enter the United States service would coop- 
erate with the Federal Gov'ernment in establishing ])eace in the State. 
Following is a copy of the explanatory order: 

Explanatory Order 1 Headquarters, Jefkerson City, 

No. 2. J" AiKjmt 30, 1861. 

When any regiment is organized and the ofiicers commissioned under tlie State 
law, and desires tovokinteer into service of the United States for three years or dur- 
ing the war, the coinmun(hng ofhcer will notify the adjutant-general, and a muster- 
ing officer of the United States will be detailed l)y the proper officer of the United 
States service to muster the regiment into service. Tliis will extend to 15 i-egiments. 
The troops organized under the call of the governor which do not enter the service 
of the United States will cooperate with the Federal (.Tovernment in establishing 
peace in the State. 

By order of the Commander in Chief: 

Geo. R. Smith, Adjutant-General. 

[Ibid., p. 10.] 

It does not appeal- that any regiment of the State militia organized 
under the gov^ernor's proclamation of August 24, 1861, wdiich was 
known as the "Six months' militia," volunteered into the United 
States service; and although, as stated l)v the adjutant-general of the 
State in his annual report of 1803 (p. 10), the people of th(> State 
responded promptly to the call of the governor, the embodied force 
fell far short of the niunber called for, the annual report for 1801 
showing an aggregate strength of only 0,185 officers and men. [Offi- 
cial Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series III, Vol. I, 

This militia force, as stated by the State adjutant-general, was made 
up almost entirely of citizens of the interior of the State, who enrolled 
themselves into companies for the defense of their homes and families. 
The service performed l)y them was principally that of •' scouring their 
counties in search of rebel camps and rendezvous, and acting as scouts 
and guides to the various bodies of vohuiteers th(m in the State.'"' 
(Annual Keport Adjutant-General of Missouri, 1803, p. 11.) 

During the latter part of 1861 and the early part of 1862 a different 
class of militia (the force known as the '* Missouri State Militia") was 
in process of organization, and the governor, finding that the "'six 
months' militia"" entailed great expense upon the State without any 
corresponding })enetit, on the llth of January, 1802, issued an order 
directing its disbandment on the 2oth of the same month. Following 
is a copy of the order: 

General Orders, 1 HeadquaR'I'ers State of Missouri, 

> Adjutant-General's Office, 

No. 2. J ,S'/. Louix, January U, 1S62. 

I. The conniiandcr in chief, in view of tlie fact that the organization of the six 
months' militia entails great exi)ense upon the State without any corresponding ben- 
elit, orders that this class of troops be disbanded on the 25th of "January, 1862. 

II. Commanding officers of the six months' militia will muster their conunands 
for pay and discharge upon the 25th day of January, 18()2, and will be prepared to 
deliver up all ])roperty of the State in their control, and to account for such as has 
been lost, consumed, or destroyed in the service. Upon compliance with these 
requirements, or as soon thereafter as the rolls can be examined, the officers and men 
will be paid by the State. 

III. Companies which shall report themselves ready for muster into the State 
service for the term of the war in accordance with the conditions of the agreement 
made between the United States and the governor of this State as set forth in Gen- 
eral Orders, No. 1, series of 1S61, will be accepted and mustered without delay. After 
muster they will be subsisted, clothed, armed, and paid l)y the United States. 



20 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

IV. The I'ollowiiif; places are designated as points at which the six months' troops 
will l)e mustered out of service on the ilay above named, viz, St. Joseph, Cameron, 
Chillicothe, Macon City, ]\Iexico, and Louisiana. Ollicers commamling these troopa 
will inarch tln'ir men to the nearest and most convenient of the aVjove-named places 
in time to I)e present at the muster for pay and discharge as al)Ove ordered. 
By order of the Commander in Chief: 

Chestkk JIakdinc;, Jr., 

Adjutajit-dencraL 

A siinull portion of the force liad l)een di.scharg-ofl previous to the 
issiue of the order (juoted above, and a hirger portion remained in serv- 
ice for a short period after the date fixed for its disbanduient. 

The six month.s' militia was strictly a State force, organized and 
employed for the protection of the live.s and property of the citizens 
of the State of ^Missouri, It was paid by the State and the State was 
subsecpiently. reimbursed by the United States under the provisions of 
the act of Congress approved April IT, 18<)6, entitled "An act to reim- 
burse the State of Missouri for moneys expended for the United States 
in enrolling, equipping, and provisioning militia forces to aid in sup- 
pressing the rebellion." (14 Stat. L., pp. 38,39.) 

The designations of the organizations forming this militia force are 
g'iven in the schedules accompanying this paper. The organizations 
nimibered 5 regiments, 11 battalions, and 10 independent companies. 
One of the latter was designated as cavahy and one as an artillery 
company. Some of the organizations of the force are known to have 
been mounted. 



MISSOURI STATE MILITIA. 



The Missouri State Militia was a peculiar force, entirel}'^ separate 
and distinct from all other militia organizations of the State, and its 
status in the service was the subject of considcra])le controversy dur- 
ing the period of its existence. Its organization was the result of a 
desire on the part of the officials of the State to place in the lield a 
force of State militia iit the expense of the General Government 
(Annual Report Adjutant-General of Missouri, 1863, p. 11) which 
should cooperate with the United States troops "in repelling the 
invasion of the State and supressing rebellion therein/'' 

The proposition for the organization of such a force, made to the 
President by the governor of the State, under direction of the State 
convention, was as follows: 

Executive Mansion, 
]Va,s}il)i(jt())i, JVorernlier 5, 1861. 

The governor of the State of Missouri, acting under the direction of tlie convention 
of that State, i)roposes to the Government of the United States that lie will raise a 
militarj' force, to serve within the State as State militia din-ing the war there, to 
cooperate with the troops in the service of the United States in repelling the inva- 
sion of the State and suj)pressing rebellion therein; the said State militia to be 
embodied and to be held in the camp and in the field, drilled, disciplined, and gov- 
ernefl according to the Army Regulations and subject to the Articles of War; the 
said State militia not to be ordered out of the State, except for the immediate 
defense of the State of Missouri, but to cooperate with the trooi)s in the service 
of the United States in military operations within the State or necessary to its 
defense, and when officers of the State militia act with ofticers in the service of the 
United States of the same grade the officers of the United States service shall com- 
mand the combined force; the State militia to he armed, ecpiipped, clothed, sub- 
sisted, transported, and paid by the United States during such time as they shall be 
actually engaged as an embodied military force in service, in accordance with regu- 
lations of the United States Army or general orders as issued from time to time. 

In order that the Treasury of the United States may not })e burdened with the 
pay of unnecessary officers, the governor proposes that, although the State law 
requires him to a])point U]ion the general staff an adjutant-general, a commissary- 
general, an inspector-general, a c|uartermaster-general, a i)ay master-general, and a 
surgeon-general, each with the rank of cohjnel of cavalry, yet he proposes tiiat the 
Government of the United States pay only the adjutant-general, the (juartermaster- 
general, and inspector-general, their services being necessary in the relations which 
would exist Ijetween the State ^Militia and the Uniteil States. The governor further 
proposes that, while he is allowed Ijy the State law to appnint aides-de-camp to the 
governor at his discretion, with the rank of colonel, three only shall be reported to 
the United States for payment. He also ]>roposes that the State Militia shall be 
commanded by a single major-general and l)y such number of l)rigadier-generals as 
shall allow one for a brigade of not less than four regiments, and that no greater 
numljer of staff officers shall l)e appointed for regimental, brigade, and division 
duties than as provided for in the act of Congress of the 22il of July, 1801 ; and that 
whatever be the rank of such officers as fixed by the law of the State, the compen- 
sation that they shall receive from the United States shall only l)e that which belongs 
to the i»ank given by said act of Congress to officers in the United States service per- 
forming the same duties. 

21 



22 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

The field officers of a regiment in the State Militia are one colonel, one lieutenant- 
colonel, and on<' major, and the company otRcers are a captain, a first lieutenant, 
and a second lieutenant. 

The governor proposes tiiat, as the money to l)e disbursed is the money of the 
l"'nited States, such staff ofiicers in the service of the United States as may be neces- 
sary to act a,s disljursing olHcers for the State ^lilitia shall be assijjned by the War 
Pej'artnient for that duty; or, if such can not be spared from their present duty, he 
will ajiiioint such i)ers<)ns disbursinir othcers for the State Militia as the President of 
the I'nited States may designate. Such regulations as may be required, in the judg- 
ment of the President, to insure regularity of returns and to protect the Tnited 
States from anv fraudulent ])ractices shall be ol)served and obeyed bv all in office 
in the State Mi'litia. 

The above projiositions are accepted on the part of the United States, and the Sec- 
retary of ^Var is dii'ected to make the necessary orders upon the Ordnance, Quarter- 
master's, Conmiissary, Pay, and ^ledical Deitartments to carry this agreement into 
effect. He will t-ause the necessary staff officers in the United States service to be 
detailed for duty in connection with the ^Missouri State ^Militia, and will order them 
to make the ui'cessary provision in their respective offices for fulfilling this agree- 
ment. All requisitions upon the different officers of the United States, under this 
agreement, to lie made in substance in the same mode for the ^Missouri State Militia 
as similar recpiisitions are made for troops in the service of the United States, and 
the Secretary of War will cause any additional regulations that may be necessary to 
insure regularity and economy in carrying this ai^reement into effect to be adopted 
and communicated to the governor of ^Missouri for the government of the ^Missouri 
State :\Iilitia. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series III, Vol. I, pp. 
618,619.] 

The final paraovaph of the paper quoted above was evidently 
intended l)v its trainer for the sionature of the President as his accept- 
ance of the ijroposition made in behalf of the State anthorities, but the 
President adopted another and a nioditied form of acceptance, as is 
sh<nvn by his own manuscript indorsement on the back of the paper. 
This indorsement, dated November ti. 1861, reads as follows: 

[Iiiilorsi'iuent.] 

XoVEMHKR 6, 1861. 

This plan ai>itrove<l, with the modification tliat the governor stipulates that when 
he connnissions a majoi-general of militia it shall be the same person at the time in 
conunand of the United States Department of the West; and in case the United States 
shall change such commander of the dei)artment, he (the governor) will revoke the 
State conunission given to the person relieved and give one to the perstm substituted 
to the United States command of said de])artiiient. 

A. Lixcoi.x. 

[Ibid., pp. 619,620.] 

The acceptance by the FnitiMJ States of the proposition of the State 
authorities, as modilied by the President, was ])ublished in ueneral 
orders from the War Department, of which the following is a copy: 

General Orders, 1 War Department, An.u TANT-(iENEKAi.'s Office, 

No. 96. ) \V(isIii)ujlon, Xovemher 7, 1861. 

Authority to raise a force of State militia to serve during the war, is granted, by 
direction of the I'resideiit, to the govi'rnor of Missouri. This force is to coojierate 
with the troops in the service of the Unite<l States in repelling the invasion of the 
State of ^lissouri and in su])pressing rebellion therein. It is to l)e held in camp and 
in the field, drilled, disciplined, and governe<l, acconling to the Regulations of the 
United States Army, and subject to the Articles of War. lint it is not to be ordered 
out of the State of Missouri exce])t for the innnediate defense of the said State. 

The State forces thus authorized will be, during siuli time as they shall be actually 
engaged as an endxulied military force in active service, armed, e(iuipi)ed, clothed, 
sul)sisted, transported, ami paid by the United States, in accordance with the Regu- 
lations of the- United States Arniv and such onlers as mav from time to time 1)6 



MISSOUKI STATE MILITIA. 23 

issued from tlie War Department, and in no other manner; and they shall he con- 
sidered as disbanded from the service of the United States whenever the President 
may so direct. 

In connection with this force the governor is authorized to appoint the following 
ofJicers, who will lie recognized and paid by the United States, to wit: One major- 
general, to command the whole of the State forces brought into service, who shall 
be the same person appointed by the President to command the United States ^lili- 
tary Department of the ^\'est, and shall retain his commission as major-general of 
the State forces onlyduring his command of the said department; 1 adjutant-general, 
1 inspector-general, and 1 quartermaster-general, each with the rank and pay of a 
colonel of cavalry; o aides-de-camp to the governor, each with the rank and pay of 
a colonel of infantry; brigadier-generals at the rate of 1 to a brigade of not less than 
4 regiments; and division, brigade, and regimental staff officers' not to exceed in 
numbers those provided for in the organization prescribed by the act approved 
July 22, 1861, "For the employment of volunteers," nor to be more highly compen- 
sated by the United States, whatever their nominal rank in the State service, than 
officers performing the same duties under that act. 

The tield officers of a regiment to be 1 colonel, 1 lieutenant-colonel, and 1 major; 
and the officers of a company to be 1 captain, 1 first and 1 second lieutenant. 

When officers of the said State forces shall act in conjunction with officers of the 
United States Army of the same grade the latter shall command the combined force. 

All disbursements of money made to these troops, or in consequence of their 
employment by the United States, shall be made by disbursing officers of the United 
States Army, assigned by the War Department, or specially appointed l)y the Presi- 
dent for that purpose, who will make their requisitions upon the different supply 
departments in the same manner for the ^Missouri State forces as similar requisitions 
are made for other volunteer troops in the senice of the United States. 

The Secretary of War will cause any additional regulations that may be necessary 
for the puri)ose of promoting economy, insuring regularity of returns, and protecting 
the United States from fraudulent i)ractices to be adoi)ted and published for the 
government of the said State forces, and the same will be obeyed and observed by all 
in office under the authority of the State of Missouri. 

By order: 

Julius P. Gaeesche, 
Assistant Adjutant-General. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. Ill, pp. 
565,566.] 

On November 25, 1861, a general order [No. 1] was issued M' the 
governor of the State, in which he published the "'arrangement" 
entered into between the State and the United States authorities, 
quoting General Orders, No. 96. from the AVar Department, and 
announcing the appointment of Major-General Halleck. the command- 
ing general, Department of the Missouri, as "'major-general of the 
Missouri State Militia." Omitting the quotation of General Orders, 
No. 96, the order reads as follows: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Missouri State Militia, 

No. 1. j St. Louis, Xoirmber 25, 1861. 

* * * * -x- * * 

This arrangement has l)een made in order to secure to the troops raised for the 
purpose of suppressing insurrection in, and repelling invasion of, the State of Mis- 
souri the same compensation as that received by the United States Volunteers. 

To the end that the State militia may be placed as nearly as i)ossil)le upon the 
same footing with the United States Volunteers, the organization will be made the 
same, as follows, viz: 

Each regiment shall have one colonel, one lieutenant-colonel, one major, one 
adjutant (a lieutenant), one quartermaster (a lieutenant), one surgeon and one 
assistant surgeon, one sergeant-major, one (|uartermaster-sergeant, one commissary- 
sergeant, and two principal musicians, andsliall becomi)Osed of ten companies, each 
company to consist of one captain, one first lieutenant, one second lieutenant, one 
first sergeant, four sergeants, eight corporals, two musicians, one wagoner, and from 
sixty-four to eighty-two privates. 

This force to be organized into brigades of not less than four regiments each; each 



24 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

brigade to liave one brigadier-general, two aiden-de-camp, one assistant adjutant- 
general with the rank of captain; one surgeon, one assistant quartermaster, and one 
commissary of subsistence (captains). 

The company officers are to l)e elected by their respective companies, and the field 
and staff olficers appointeil by the governor. 

The troojts already organized under the call of tlie executive of the State can have 
the benefits of the arrangement made with the Government of the United States by 
increasing the numbers in companies and regiments to the requirements of the 
arrangement, and Ijeing mustered into service for the war, according to its terms, 
their officers having the rank they now hold. 

]Maj. Gen. Henry W. Halleck, of the United States Army, has been appointed and 
commissioned major-general of the ^lissouri State Militia. 

H. R. Gamblk, Governor of Mhsonri. 

[Book No. 923, Department of the Missouri, pp. 2, 3.] 

Brio-. Gen. John M. Schofield, United State.s Volunteers, was 
appointed a brigadier-o-eneral of the Missouri State Militia, and in an 
order, of which the following- is a copy, he was ''placed in command 
of all the militia of the State:'' 

General Orders, )^ Headquarters Missouri State ^Militia, 

No. 1. j >S1 Louis, XovemJicr J7, 1861. 

Brig. Gen. John M. Schofield, of the United States Volunteers, having been appointed 
and commissioned brigadier-general of the ^Missouri State Militia, is hereby placed in 
command of all the militia of the State. 

H. W. Halleck, 
Major-General, Mls^mnri State Militia. 
[Ibid., p. 4.] 

On the 29th of November, 1861, an order was issued by General 
Schofield assuming command of the State Militia and announcing that 
the organization of the ""State forces,'' according to the arrangement 
entered into ])etween the President and the governor of Missouri, 
would l)e prosecuted as rapidly as possible. Following is a copy of 
the order: 

General Orders, .\ Headquarters Missouri Militia, 

No. I. i St. Louis, Xovemher 29, 1861. 

I. In compliance with orders from ]Major-(Teneral Halleck, of the Missouri ^lilitia, 
dated St. Louis, November 27, 1861, I hercbv assume command of all the militia of 
the State. 

II. The organization of the State forces and their muster into service, according to 
the terms of the arrangement entered into ))etween the President of the United 
States and the governor of iNIi.ssouri, will be prosecuted as rapidly as possible. ]\Ius- 
tering officers will be ai)i)ointed and rendezvous designated from time to time as 
circumstances may require. 

III. Mustering officers will be strictly guided by the regulations published here- 
with. 

IV. A strict observance of the Army Regulations will be required of all troops 
mustered into the service of the State. Ordnance, quartermaster, and subsistence 
stores will be i.ssued only upon requisitions, in due form, made by the proper officers. 
All officers will l)e re(|uired to render their accounts promptly and accurately. 

V. Officers commanding troojjs now in the State service will make returns of their 
respective commands to the adjutant-general of the State iiiuueiliately, and hereafter 
on the last day of every inontii. 

J. M. SciioFiin.D, 
Brigadier-General Commanding. 
[Il)id., p. 4.] 

On the same date, November 2!>. 1S<)1, General Schofield put)lished 
detailed instructions for th(^ oi'ganization and nuister in of tiie Missouri 
State Militia, the pri^paration and distribution of muster-in rolls, the 
sultsistence of the troops, and the issue of clothing, camp and garrison 



MISSOURI STATE MILITIA. 25 

equipage, etc. This was done in a general order of wliich the follow- 
ing is a cop3^: 

General Orders, ) Headquarters Missouri State Militia, 

No. 2. / St. Lonh, Xoremher 29, 1861. 

I. The followino; instructions are issued for the information and government of 
mustering officers and all others interested: 

II. Whenever a number of individuals, between the ages of eighteen (18) and 
forty-five (45) years, not less than eighty-three (83) nor more than one hundred and 
one (101) shall desire to volunteer as a company into the military service of the 
State, to serve for the term of during the Avar in the State of ]\Iissouri, from the date 
of organization unless sooner discharged, the inspector-general, his assistant, or some 
other officer designated to muster them, having been furnished with a complete roll 
of the men to be mustered, which lie will verify Ijy calling their names and l)e assured 
that all are present, and cause each and every indivitlual to liold up his naked right 
hand, he will administer the following oath: 

"You, each and every one of you, do«soieninly swear that you will honestly and 
faithfully serve the State of Missouri against all her enemies, and that you will do 
your utmost to sustain the Constitution and laws of the United States, and of this 
State, against all violence of whatsoever kind or descripticm; and you do further 
swear that you will well and truly execute and obey the lawful orders of all officers 
properly placed over you, whilst on duty, so help you God." 

The t)ath having been administered as above, the mustering officer will then direct 
the company to go into an election of one captain, one first lieutenant, and one second 
lieutenant, and preside over (superintend) such election. The officers having been 
properly elected, the captain will appoint the noncommissioned officers, musicians, 
and a wagoner; and the mustering officer will then muster the company into the 
service of the State. 

CAPTION OP muster ROLLS FOR MUSTER INTO SERVICE. 

III. Muster roll of Captain , Company (A), in the Regiment 

of Missouri Militia, commanded by Colonel , called into the service of 

the State of ]\Iissouri by the governor, to serve for the term of during the war in 
Missouri from the date of organization unle.ss sooner discharged. 

NUMBER OF ROLLS TO BE MADE. 

IV. For muster into service there will be four copies of muster rolls, viz, one for 
the captain, one for the Adjutant-( ieneral at Washington, one for the adjutant-general 
and one for the inspector-general of the State of Missouri. 

FILLING UP THE MUSTER ROLLS. 

V. In making muster rolls, give two lines to each commissioned officer, and leave 
a blank line between lieutenants and sergeants, between sergeants and corporals, and 
so of the grades 1 )elow. 

VI. Number (in the marginal column only) the captain, 1; first lieutenant, 1; sec- 
ond lieutenant, 1; sergeants, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; corporals, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8; musicians, 
I, 2; wagoner, 1; privates, 1, 2, 3, 4, and so on, in alphabetical order. Every grade 
on any roll will commence with No. 1, and the recapitulation will show the corre- 
sponding number of each graile. 

VII. The Christian name, or the first one, as "John B. Smith," must, in all cases, 
be written in full, not the first letter of it. 

VIII. The mustering officer will deliver to the captain one muster roll of his com- 
pany; the others (three in number) will l)e sent to the adjutant-general of the State. 

IX. For {)eriodical payments there will be six copies of the muster roll, four as 
al)ove, and two for the paymaster. 

X. The rolls of field an<l staff will embrace the names of the colonel, lieutenant- 
colonel, major, adjutant (one of the comi>any lieutenants), regimental quartermaster 
(one of the company lieutenants), surgeon, assistant surgeons, sergeant-major, regi- 
mental (luartermaster-sergeant, regimental commissary-sergeant, hospital steward, 
and two principal musicians. 



26 MISSOT^RI TROOPS UNTOlSr. 

ISSUE OF SUBSISTENCE STORES. 

XI. Returns for issues to companies will be made by the captains (see Form 13, 
Regulations), and, as this is the only mode l)y which subsistence stores can l)e issued 
to companies, officers should inform themselves without delay. Returns for issue to 
companies will, when practical)le, be consolidated for the regiment. (See Form 14.) 

ISSUES OF CLOTHING, C.\MP AND GARRISON Elil"IPA<;E. 

XII. Recpiisitions for issue to companies will be made by the captains ])y special 
requisitions (see Form 40). The number and articles should be written in the body 
of the recjuisition. It is desirable that requisitions for clothing and requisitions for 
camp and garrison equipage should be separate for a company equipjjed for the first 
time. 

ISSUES OF gRDNANCE AND ORDNANCE STORES. 

XIII. Requisitions for issues to companies will be made by the captains (see Form 
23). The forms referred .to in this order will be found in the series of numbers, 
under the heads (jf the several <le])artments referred to in the Revised Regulations, 
and blank returns will be furnished by the mustering officer. 

XIV. Volunteers are not to be less than IS nor more than 45 years of age. Some 
exceptions may be made for overage in commissioned officers, provided they be 
physically robust and active, and in all other respects well qualified; l)ut in this the 
mustering officer must exercise a sound and rigid judgment. 

XV. All officers and men must be sound and active, free from all malformations, 
defects of sight, hearing, and diseases of any kind. 

J. M. SCHOFIELD, 

Brigadier- General, Commanding. 
[Ibid., pp. 5-7.] 

On December 2, 1861, additional instructions were issued, as fojlows: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Missouri ^Iilitia, 

ISo. 3. i St. Louis, December £, 1S61. 

I. The following instmctions, in addition to those published in General Orders, 
No.. 2, from these headciuarters, are issued for the government of mustering officers 
and all others interested: 

II. Immediately after a company is mustered into service the mustering officer will 
furnish the captain of the company with a certificate of the muster, giving the name 
of the captain, the numljer of officers, and number of enlisted men in the company, 
and the date of muster. 

III. The captains of companies will make requisitions for sul)sistence, arms and 
ammunition, clothing, and camp and garrison equi]iage upon the United States 
commissary, ordnance officer, an<l quartermaster at the nearest (or most convenient) 
post to the place where the troojis are stationed. 

IV. Duplicates of re(|uisitions for ordnance or (luartermaster stores will be for- 
warded immediately to the adjutant-general of the State. 

V. Mustering officers will make duplicate returns (see form of monthly return) of 
every company mustered, forwarding one copy immediately to the adjutant-general 
and one for the ca])tain of the company. 

VI. .All mounti^d ci)in]>anies will be received provided their horses are good and 
serviceable. The horses and horse e(iuipments will be inspected and appraised as 
follows: 

VII. The mustering officer and captains of comjtanies will select three respectable 
and impartial men, good judges of the value of horses, and not members of any com- 
pany nor owning or having interest in any horse therein, to appraise the horses and 
horse equipages. The valuation will be the fair cash price at the j)lace and time, 
what the judges would be willing to give were they jnirchasing for themselves. And 
the assesseii value for horses and horse c(iuipnients — the two seixirate — will be ]nit 
on the muster roll opposite the owners' nanu^s, and the appraL-^ers. being sworn by 
the mustering oHicers, will sign the certilicate for that purpo.^e on the roll of nmster 
into service, and the valuation will be continued on the sul)sequent rolls. 

VTII. Every man shouM l)e the owner of the horse in his use. No one belonging 
to the command (conqxuiy or regiment) can be the owner of, or in any niamier have 
interest in, the horse in use of another. 

J. M. SCHOFIELD, 

Brigadier-General, Commanding. 
[Ibid., pp. 7,8.] 



MISSOURI STATP] MILITIA. 27 

And on Dec'oml)er 13, 1861, further instructions were given in an 
order, of which the following is a copy: 

Oeneral Orders, 1 Headquarters Missouri State Militia, 

No. 5. r St. Lovia, December IS, 1861. 

The following regulations will ])e observed by ]iost quartermasters and commissa- 
ries and officers engaged in organizing State troops: 

I. Any officer authorized l)y the commander in chief to raise troops for the State 
service may enroll men an<l administer to them the customary f)ath whei-eby the 
men will bind themselves to the service of the State during the war, unless sooner 
discharged. 

II. The post quartermaster and commissary at the nearest post to the place where 
the troops are organizing will issue subsistence, clothing, blankets, and camp equipage 
to men enrolled and sworn in, as prescribed above, upon the recpiisition of the otiicer 
empowered to enroll and administer the oath, with a certificate showing that the 
men are actually in service and have not drawn any of the articles mentioned in the 
requisition for the time spei-ified. 

III. "When the number of men enrolled by any one officer shall be suthcient to 
constitute a comjiany notice shall be given by such officer to the nearest mustering 
officer, who will, as soon as practicable, regularlj' organize and muster into service 
such comi)any. 

After a company is mustered into service its subsistence will l)e drawn from a 
United States commissary, as prescribed in General Orders, Nos. 2 and 3. 

IV. Arms will not be issued except to full companies mustered into service. 

All requisitions for arms must bear the certificate of the mustering officer that the 
company has l)een regularly mustered into the service, and must be sent to headquar- 
ters for the approval of the commanding general. 

The su]iply of arms being at present somewhat less than the demand, the men 
entering the service will bring with them such arms as they may have or can procure 
for use until they can be supplied by the Government. The supply of arms will 
very soon be ample. 

V. Post commissaries will not issue the full rations prescrilied l)y the United States 
Army Regulations, but a sufficiency of good, wholesome food, such as meat, flour or 
corn meal, and potatoes, which can be purchased near the post at moderate prices. 
The men are to be supplied, after being enrolled and until mustered into service by 
companies, with the necessary amount of food for their health and comfort at the 
least possible expense to the State; after being mustered, the United States will fur- 
nish full rations. 

By order of J. M. Schofield, brigadier-general, commanding: 

C. "\Y. Marsh, Af^sistant A<Jj)itant-GeneraI. 
[Ibid., pp.9, 10.] 

By an act of Congre.ss approved Februar}' 13, 1862, entitled "An act 
making appropriation for completing the defenses of Washington, and 
for other purposes," it was provided: 

Sec. 3. Avd he it further enacted, That no volunteers or militia from any State or 
Territory shall be nuistered into the service of the United States on any terms or 
conditions confining their service to the limits of said State or Territory, or their 
vicinities, beyond the number of 10,000 in the State of Missouri and 4,500 in the 
State of Maryland, heretofore authorized h\ the President of the United States, or 
Secretary of War, to l)e raised in said States. 

******* 

Approved, February 13, 1862. 

[12 Stat. L., p. 3:».] 

On April 1, 1862. the number of men enlisted "for the State .service" 
having reached the limit authorized by law, General Schofield issued 
the following order: 

General Orders, \ Headquarteks Missouri State Militia, 

No. 8. i Si. Lonh, Mo., April 1, ISG^. 

The number of men enlisted for the State .service having reached the limit author- 
ized l)y Congress, all recruiting will cease excepting such as may be necessary to 
complete the following organizations, viz: 

Colonels Hall and Penick, St. Joseph, ^lo., 20 companies infantry and cavalry; 
Colonel ]\[cFerran, (Tallatin, Mo., 10 companies infantry and cavalry; Lieutenant- 



28 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

Colonel Catherwood, Cameron, ^lo., 6 companies infantry and cavalry; Lieutenant- 
Colonel Kingr, Chillicothe, Mo., 6 conipanie:^ infantry and cavalry; Lieutenant-Colonel 
Crane, Alexandria, Mo., 8 companies infantry and cavalry; Lieutenant-Colonel 
Guitar, Columbia, Mo., 8 companies infantry and cavalry; Lieutenant-Colonel Gil- 
strap, Hudson, Mo., 6 companies infantry and cavalry; Lieutenant-Colonel Lips- 
comb, Palmyra, Mo., 6 companies; Lieutenant-Colonel Neville, Chillicothe, Mo., 4 
companies; Lieutenant-Colonel Smart, Louisiana, Mo., 6 companies; Colonel 
McClurj.;, Lime Creek, Mo., lOcompanie-; Colonel Philips, Georgetown, Mo., 6 com- 
panies infantry; at Springfield, Mo., 6 comjianies infantry; at Ironton, Mo., 1^ com- 
panies infantry; at Kansas City, Mo., — (•omi)anies infantry; at Jefferson City, Mo., 2 
companies infantry; at Greenville, Mo., 2 companies infantry; at Boonville, Mo., 6 
companies. 

Whenever tiie numlier of parts of companies mustered for a particular battalion or 
regiment is greater than the number of full companies allowed, the parts must be 
united so as to reduce the number to the limit. Unassigned recruits will be dis- 
tributed among the various companies. 

When a company is formed of two parts already mustered in, with first lieutenants, 
in the election of captain the company will ])e restricted to a choice between the two 
lieutenants. 

By order of Brigadier-General SchofieUl: 

C. AV. Marsh, As-^istmU Adjiitaut-(ie}tei-(d. 

[Book No. 92.3, Department of the Missouri, pp. 20, 21.] 

Notwithstanding- the restrictions imposed in General Schotield's 
order, the enlistments for the Missouri State Militia reached an aggre- 
gate of more than 13,000. and it l)ecame necessary to reduce the force 
to the limit prescril)ed by law. Accordingly, on the l»)th of May, 
1802, a circulai' order was issued by General Schotield, of which the 
following is a cop}^: 

Circular.] Headquarters Missouri State Mimtia, 

St. Louis, ^ro., Mail 16, 1862. 

The act of Congress which authorizes the governor of the State of ^Missouri to 
raise a force of State militia to serve during the war, to be disciplined ami governed, 
armed, equipped, t-lothed, subsisted, transported, and paid by the I'niteil States, in 
accordance with tfie regulations of the United States Army, also provided that this 
force shall not exceed in number 10,000. The dei)uty ])aymaster of the Dejjartment 
having received orders not to pay over the number provided by the act referred to, 
it is desii'able that the force now in the service of the State shall be reduced to the 
limit prescribed by law. 

In this \'ww the commanding othcers of regiments and Ijattalions are instructed, 
and medical officers are directed, to have the men of their commands critically 
examined as to their physical ability and furnish certilicates of disability for all such 
as are found to ])e incapable of iierforming the duties of a soldier in cam]) and in the 
field. 

And commanding officers will report to these headquarters all such men as are, 
from insubordinate and disorderly conduct, habitual drunkenness, or from any cau.^e, 
unfit for the service, that they may summarily l)e discharged by the conunander in 
chief. 

By order of Brigadier-(;eneral Scholield: 

C. W. ^Iarsii, Am^huti Adjuiaid-dciieral. 

[Ibid., 1). 28.] 

There was some dela^' in the reduction of the force to the authorized 
limit, which, in connection with the excess in the number of enlist- 
ments, was the subject of a report by the War Department in response 
to a Senate resolution. Following is a copy of the report: 

War Dki'art.ment, ■ 
]]'iisliiiiijh)ii t'itij, Fehntari/ 16, 1863. 
Hon. IIanmmal Hami.i.v, 

\'i<r-J'ir.fldcnl of tlif I'lillcil Sfates. 
Sir: In reply to the resolution of the Senate of the UUh ultimo, calling for infor- 
mation as to whether "the limitation in the tliird section of tlie act to autliorize the 
State of .Mi.<souri to rai.^e 10,000 troops for local defense, approved February l.S, 1862, 
has been exceedeil, and if so, by whose authority such excess has l)een allowed," I 



MISSOURI STATE MILITIA. 29 

have the honor to transmit herewith a letter from the Adjutant-General, of the 14th 
instant, inclosing a report upon this sul)je<.t, of date the 0th instant, from the at-ting 
adjutant -general of ^lissouri. 

I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant. 

Edwin ^I. Stanton, 

Secretari/ of War. 
[Inclosure.] 

War Department, AiutxANT-GENERAL's Office, 

Wai^hhigion, February 14, 1S6S. 
Hon E. M. Stanton, 

Secretary of War. 
Sir: In answer to a call of the Senate, of date the 16th ultimo (copy herewith), 
in relation to troops for hn-al defense in the State of Missouri, and which was referred 
to this office for rejiort, I have the honor to submit a communii-ation from the 
adjutant-general of Missouri, of date the (3th instant, which supplies the information 
asked for. 

I am, sir, very respectfully, your ol)edient servant, 

E. D. TOWNSENI), 

Assi.'ttaiit Adjutant- General. 
[Subinclosure.] 

Heaimjuarters State of Missouri, 

Ad.utant-General's Office, 

St. Louis, Feliruary C, 1SG3. 
Col. Thomas ^I. Vincent. 

Axxistaut Adjutant-General, Washington, D. C. 

Sir: I am directed by his excellency the govenor, in answer to your communica- 
tion of the 26th ultimo relative to the excess, of troops raised by Missouri for local 
defense, to reply as follows: 

Previous to the act of Congress limiting the number of troops to 10,000, (Tovcruor 
Gamble had made an arrangement with the President whereby he was authorized to 
raise (not l>eing limited to any s])ecitic number) a military force, to be armed, 
ecjuipped, clothed, suljsisted, transported, and paiil l)y the Cniteil States during such 
time as they should he actually engaged as an eml^odied military force in service. 
(See Senate Ex. Dot-. No. 6, Thirty-seventh Congress, second session, and (ieneral 
Orders, No. 96, War Department, series 1861.) 

In accordance with this agreement the organization of this force was commenced 
in November, 1861 (see copy of General Orders, No. 1. Headi^uarters State ]Militia, 
November 2o, 1861, herewith inclosed, marked A"), and authority given to ]iartiesto 
recruit tVir companies and regiments all over the State, and at the time of the jnissage 
of the act of Congress limiting the number to be raised over lo.OOO men were enlisted. 

Preparations were immediately made by the governor, on the recei))t of the order 
limiting the number, to muster out the surplus: and this was being done when the 
following connnunication was received from the Adjutant-General. 

"Ad.iutant-Geneeal's Office, 

''Wa.shington, June 23, 1862. 
"His Excellency the Governor of Missouri, 

"-Sy. Louis, Mo. 
" Sir: It having been represented at this office that some three regiments of State 
militia have been raised in your State in excess of the nundoer authorized by Con- 
gress, I am instructed to inform you that these extra troops will l)e received into the 
general service of the United States, provided such is their wish. If they do not 
desire to come into the general service they will be disbanded. 
"I am, sir, very resi)ectfully, your ol)edient servant, 

" L. Thomas, Adjutant-General.'^ 

An order was inuiiediately issued to the commanding officers of regiments (copy 
inclosed, marked C) directing a report to be made to these headquarters of those 
who desired to be mustered into the United States service. Through their commaiul- 
ing officers the troops expres.sed an unwillingness to enter the service as United 
States volunteers. 

The governor then ordered that the surplus force be disl)anded, Vmt Brig. Gen. J. M. 
Scholield, then commanding the District of ^lissouri, protested against it on the 
ground of the small force of United States troops in his command and the threaten- 

*Here omitted; but >ee pp. 23, 24. 



30 MISSUUKI TRUOPS UNION. 

ing aspect of affairs in the State at that time; and the governor, at the request of the 
general coniniamhng:, telegraphed to the War Department informing the authorities 
of his intention to disliand the surplus, and also the reasons urged by General Scho- 
field that it should not be done, and received a reply from the General in Chief of the 
Army, of which the following is a copy: 

" Washin(;ton, D. C, August 15, 1862. 
"His Excellency Governor Gamble: 

''The Secretary of War consents to your retaining in service the surplus militia, at 
least for the present; that all preparation should be niade for the draft, and the ques- 
tion of postponement will be decided hereafter. 

"H. W. Halleck, Generalin C'liief." 

The foregoing is the authority by which the surplus militia w^as retained in service 
during the time the necessity existed for it. 

As soon as the exigencies of the service would admit orders were issued to reduce 
the force to the proper number, and by the last consolidated return (for December) 
forwarded from this office the aggregate is 10,370. 

An order will be issued in a few days breaking up four of the regiments and dis- 
tributing the companies among the other regiments to bring them to the standard of 
twelve companies each, as required by act of Congress approved July 17, 1862, and 
General Orders, No. 126, War Department, 1861. 

I am, colonel, very respectfully, vour obedient servant, 

Wm. D. Wood, 
Colonel and Akle-de-Otiiq), Acting Adjutant-General. 



General Orders, ^ Headquarters State op Missouri, 

> Adjutant-General's Office, 

No. 29. j St. Louis, June 30, 1862. 

The following communication from the War Department is published for the infor- 
mation of all concerned:'' 

To enable the governor to comply with the above requirements the officer com- 
manding each company of militia now in service will, without delay, ascertain and 
report to the adjutant-general of the State, through the commanding officer of his 
regiment or battalion, the officers and the number of men of his company who are 
willing to be mustered into the service of the United States as volunteers for "three 
years or during the war." 
By order of the Commander in Chief: 

Wm. D. Wood, 
Colonel and Acting Adjutant-General. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series III, Vol. Ill, pp. 
52-54.] 

In connection with the subject of the reduction of the Missouri State 
Militia and it.s rcoro'aiiization into reg-inients of 12 companies each, 
under the provisions of the act of Congress approved July 17. 1862, 
the adjutant-general of the State said in his annual report v>i 18()3 
(p. 4^): 

The resolution of Congress which confirmed the agreement between your excel- 
lency and the President in reference to the raising of the "Missouri State ]\Iilitia," 
provided that the force should not exceed 10,000 men; and as the mnu])er which was 
enlisted prior to June, 1862, ha<l exceeded that amount by some 3,000, and as the 
only reductions during that year had been such as are incident to the ordinary cas- 
ualties of the service, and a muster out of a portion of the Eleventh Cavalry, 3Lissouri 
State Militia, upon its consolidation with the Second and a portion of the First and 
Second battalions, and, furthermore, as orders from the War Department had been 
issued re(iuiring that all cavalry regiments should consist of 12 companies, it became 
necessary that a plan of consolidation should hi' adopted in conformity thereto. 
With this view, the following order was issued, and. with the exception of so much 
of it as refers to tlie breaking up and distribution of the Fifth Regiment and the 
transfer of Captain Burris's company, was carried into effect: 

"Here omitted. See Thomas to governor of Missouri, June 23, 1862, y>. 29. 



MISSOURI STATE MILITIA. 31 

"General Orders, "| "Headquarters State op Missouri, 

y "Adjutant-General's Office, 

"No. 5. j "St. Louis, Februari/ S, 1863. 

"I. In compliance w'ith an act of Congres'^, 'approved July 17, 1862,' and General 
Orders, No. 126, series 1862, from the War Department, the following consolidation 
of the regiments I'omposing the Missouri State Militia, organized under General 
Orders, No. 96, War Department, series 1861, are announced fur the information of 
all concerned: 

"First. The Third Regiment of Cavalry, M. S. jNI., is hereby broken u|), and the 
10 companies belonging to the same will be attached and distributed as follows: 

" Four companies to be attaclied and one companv to be distributed among the 
Sixth Cavalry, M. 8. M. 

" Four comj)anies to be attached and one company to be distributed among the 
Seventh Cavalry, ]M. S. M. 

"Second. The Fifth Regiment of Cavalry, M. S. j\I., is hereby broken up, and the 
10 companies belonging to the same will be attached and distrilmted as follows: 

"Three companies to be attached and two companies to be distributed among the 
First Cavalry, M. S. M. 

"Four companies to be attached and one companv to l>e distributed among the 
Ninth Cavalry, :M. S. M. 

"Third. The Twelfth Regiment of Cavalry, ■\I. S. ]\I., is hereby broken up, and 
the 8 companies belonging to the same will be attached and distributed as follows: 

"Three comijanies to be attached to the Tenth Cavalry, 31. S. 31. 

"Three companies to be attached and two companies to be distributed among the 
Thirteenth Cavalry, M. S. M." 

The Fifth Regiment, Colonel Penick, was subsequently mustered out of service, as 
was also the remainder of the Second Battalion; thus the force was reduced to the 
limit mentioned above. 

It may here be remarked that but one organization of the Missouri 
State Militia (the Schotield Light Artiller}^) was "received into the 
general service of the United States"' under the invitation extended in 
the War Department letter of June 23, 1802, quoted above in the 
report of the Secretary of W^ar to the President of the Senate. 

As was to be expected from the peculiar character of the Missouri 
State Militia, a question soon arose as to its status in the service. If 
it was a military force in the service of the State of Missouri, the gov- 
ernor of the State was authorized to remove its officers, but if it was 
in the military service of the United States, the President alone could 
exercise the power of dismissal. The right to the extra pay su])se- 
quently provided by Congress for officers of the volunteer forces who 
should serve to the close of the war, the rights of ))oth officers and 
enlisted men to pension, and the rights of enlisted men to the bounties 
provided b}^ law for enlistments and reenlistments in the United States 
service were also involved. The question was first brought to the 
attention of the United States military authorities by Governor Gam- 
ble in a letter to Major-General Halh'ck, dated September 22, 1862. 
That letter and the ensuing correspondence between the governor and 
the General in Chief are here quoted: 

Headquarters Missouri State Militia, 

St. Loui.9, September 22, 1862. 
Major-General Halleck. 

General: I see that questions are al)Out to arise here with some of the United 
States othcers \vhich you can settle without difficulty before they assume an unpleas- 
ant aspect. 

You know the character of the force which I raised as State militia under my 
arrangement with the President. Besides that force I have proceeded to enroll the 
entire militia of the State. 

As yet you are the major-general of the State militia. General Schofield was com- 
missioned brigadier-general of the State militia, and the connnand was by your order 
assigneil to him. At that time there was no other militia organization than the 
troops organized under the arrangement with the President. 



32 MISSOURI TROOPS FISriON. 

Brio;adier-(Teiieral Davidson is now in command of the St. Louis District. He is 
an ottic-er of volunteers, but not of tiie State militia. He claims tiie right to com- 
mand the enrolled militia and to order them into service, they not now being in 
actual service. 

Questions arise in res]iect Injtli to the force organized under my arrangement with 
the President and tlie mass of militia enrolled. 

I assert that the force I raised under my arrangement with the President is a State 
force and not a I'nited States force. The document tiled in the War Dejjartment 
signed by the President will determine this. That document provides that the force 
to be raised shall he ordered to cooperate with the troops in the service of the I'nited 
States, and determines what ofticer shall command the combined force. The Presi- 
dent in making the agreement stii)ulated that the commanding general of the depart- 
ment should l)e commissioned l)y the governor major-general of the State militia. 

These jirovisions as well as the whole tenor of the paper show tlie understanding 
of the parties to be that the force was to be a State force, and it was only to prevent 
a po.«sible dithculty that the unity in the command was provided for by making the 
same otticer the general of both descriptions of forces. 

I call your attention to this question now, not because any ditiiculty has arisen, 
but to prevent its occurrence. 

Very resi)ectfully, your obedient servant, 

n. R. (tAJIHLE. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series III, Vol. II, p. 579.] 

"\V.\shin'(;ton, September 27, 1S62. 
His Excellency Governor G.vmble, St. Louis. 

Governor: Yours of the'22d in relation to command of volunteers and militia 
officers is received. 

I am informed that the (General Government has uniformly acted on the ground 
that the clause of the Constitution (Art. I, sec. 8, p. 15) resi)ecting the "appointment 
of officers and the authority of training the militia" refers only to the officers of the 
organization under which they are brought into the service of the United States, and 
that the commanding or "governing such part of them as may be employed in the 
service of the United States" belongsto the Federal Government; or, in other words, 
may Vie "prescribed by Congress." For example, when the militia of a State is 
called into the service of the United States by regiments, the regimental officersmust 
be appointed l)y the State; so when called in by brigades, the brigade officers must 
also be so appointed. But it by no means follows that these regiments or brigades 
when once in the service are to be commanded always and only by officers so 
appointed. On thecontrary, such organizations are to be "governed" orcommanded 
as may be jirescribed In- Congres^s; or, in the absence of any law on that sul)ject, as 
may be directed by the President as Connmuider in Chief, always in conformity with 
the connnon law of military usage. Thus, regiments of militia mustered into the 
service of the United States would be under the orders of a brigade commander of 
pro{)er rank designated by law or by the President. 

The act of July 17, bS62, conforms t(i the foregoing view of the constitutional pro- 
vision an<l to the uniform jirai-tice of the Govermnent. Section 2 of that act provides 
that the militia when called into service "shall be organized in the mode prescribed 
by law for volunteers" — that is, the organizationmust be by batteries and regiments; 
and the officers of such batteries and regiments are to ))e appointed by the States, 
but the brigade, division, and army corps connnanders are to be appointed l)ythe 
President. 

A familiar and effective mode of testing the correctness of any construction of a 
constitutional or legal provision is to consider the conse(]uences of a different one. 
Let us suppose that militia in the service of the United States can be counnanded 
only by officers apjjointed by the States, for this matter of command is the real (ques- 
tion involved. Sui)pose a single battery, battalion, or regiment of militia l)e called 
into service. It could, under this view, be counnanded (inly by officers of the State 
in which it was raised. It miglit lie attached to a brigade, division, or army corps 
of regulars or volunteers, but the generals of such c()mmands could give it no orders. 
\o use could be made of it until the jiarticular State apiiointed an oHicer of higher 
rank than the commander of the c(jrps and the United States nuistered him intoserv- 
ice. Again, suppose there are 10 regiments from different States in the same corps, 
there must be 10 distinct and independent connnanders to that corjis, for the appoint- 
ment must l)e by the States, respectively, and an officer api>ointed l)y one State can 
not connnand tlie militia of another State while in the service of the United States. 



MISSOURI STATE MILITIA. 38 

It can hardly he supposed tliat the framers of the Constitution intended to authorize 
the use of the State niiUtia in the service of the United States and at the same time 
to put such restrictions upon that use as to render it impossihle. 

Let us now put this questiou to a practical test. The President, under the author- 
ity of tlie law of July 17, has called for a draft of 300,000 men from the militia of the 
loyal States. The men so drafted are to be organized into regiments bj^ the several 
States and mustered into the service of the United States by regiments as organized 
and ofticered by the States respectively. What is to 1)6 done with these militia regi- 
ments when so nuistered into tlie service of the United States? The law contem- 
plates that they are to be used the same as any other troops in the Ignited States and 
to be assigned "to brigades, divisions, and army corps under regular or volunteer com- 
manders legally appointed by the President of the United States. But if State mili- 
tia can be commanded only by otticers appointed by the States, respectively, we have 
twenty or thirty separate and independent organizations, which can not be made to 
act in conjunction, and which are bound to obey only the orders of the othcers 
appointed l)y their own State. Could anyone imagine a more perfect state of mili- 
tary anarchy? Troops in the service of the United States, paid and suljsisted by the 
United States, and yet not "governed" or commanded l)y tlie United States! Such a 
construction of the "Constitution ojiens to us the shortest possil>le road to dissolution 
and anarchy. I have no doubt that the practice of the (xovernment in regard to the 
militia in the service of the United States is in perfect accordance with the constitu- 
tional provision referred to, and that a battery, battalion, or regiment of militia when 
nuistered into service can be commanded by any officer of proper rank appointed by 
the United States. 

In regard to rank, the Army Regulations are very specific. Paragraph 9 provides 
tliat olHcers commissioned by the United. States rank officers of like grade commis- 
sioned by a State. 

Adopting this view of the general question, we will now examine how far the terms 
of the authority given by the President to the governor of Missouri to raise militia 
for the service of the United States excepts such forces from the general rule of com- 
mand while in such service. This authority does not prescribe how this militia force 
was to be received into the service of the United States, lint it was in fact, under the 
orders of the War Department, received by companies and regiments; and when four 
regiments were received, the governor api)ointed a brigadier-general and V)rigade staff 
officers. It seems to have been the intention that when these troops w«re brigaded 
they should have their own brigade conmianders, and also that they should be sub- 
ject to the general command only of the commander of that department. But it also 
seems to have been understood tliat this militia force might be used in other ways 
than as sejiarate and distinct brigades and regiments and that the exigencies of the 
service might require parts of it to serve in conjunction with other troops when the 
militia officers were to be commanded by United States officers of the same grade. 
In fact, this militia force has never served in the field by l^rigades, but by regiments 
and companies or detachments, and where they act in a district or at a post or in 
campaign ''in conjunction " with other troops they must be commanded by the officer 
highest in rank, whether he be a militia officer or not. 

But you draw a distinction between a general of the Regular Army and of volun- 
teers in regard to his right to command the Missouri Militia when acting in conjunc- 
tion with other troops. I do not think that such a distinction was intended liy the 
President's order, both regulars and volunteers being component parts of the Army. 
If not so intended, it could not be admitted on the general rule as to command. 

In regard to the other point presented in your letter, I agree with you that the 
commanding officer of a military district can assume no command over the enrolled 
State militia until the same is lirought into the service of the United States. 
Very respectfullj', your obedient servant, 

H. W. Halleck, General In Chief 

[Ibid., pp. 591-593.] 

Headquarters of the Ak.viy, 

Washington, October 3, 1862. 
His Excellency H. R. Gamble, 

Governor of Missouri, iSt. Louis. 
Governor: Col. Albert Jackson, of the Twelfth Regiment of Cavalry, Missouri 
State Militia, has appealed to the Secretary of War against the order of your excel- 
lency revoking his commission and discharging him from service. This case has 
raised an important question in regard to the authority of the governors of States 
over the parts of the militia of those States which are received into the service of the 

S. Doc. 412 3 



34 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

United States. The whole matter has been duly considered, and I am directed to 
convey to you the views of the Department. 

As stated in my letter to you of the 27th ultimo, it is believed that the Constitution 
has given to Congress the entire "governing" of the State militia while in the service 
of the United States. The control of a State over that part of its militia which enters 
the service of the United States ceases the moment it is mustered into that service. It 
is then governed by the laws of the United States. By these laws and ])y the Regu- 
lations of the Army, made in pursuance of an act of Congress, the power to try, pun- 
ish, or dismiss an officer of State militia in the service of the United States is vested 
in the President and in certain officers of the United States. No such power has 
been given to a governor of a State over such troops. The act of Congress regulating 
the government of militia in the service of the United vStates places them on the same 
footing as to government or command as volunteers. A militia officer in service, 
therefore, can he discharged from the service only by the President or those acting 
under his authority. A State governor can fill the vacancy so created, but he can 
not himself create the vacancy. 

This, I think, will be admitted to be the general rule under the law. Does the 
authority conferred by the President on the governor of Missouri except the militia 
•of that State in the service of the United States from the operation of this rule? That 
document says: "It (the militia) is to be held in camps and in the field, drilled, 
disciplined, and governed, according t(j the Regulations of the United States Army 
and subject to the Articles of War." Again, "They shall be considered as disbanded 
from the service of the United States whenever the President shall so direct." 
During such time as they shall be actually engaged as an embodied force in active 
service, "and they are to be armed, equipped, clothed, subsisted, transported, and 
paid l)y the United States." 

The War Dej^artment is of opinion that the militia of Missouri which have been 
mustered into service under this authority and not dislianded or mustered out by 
direction of the President are in "the service of the United States," and that they 
must be "governed" as prescribed by Congress for militia so in service, except where 
otherwise stipulated in the special authority given to the governor of Missouri. It 
is stij^ulated that the governor is authorized to appoint <"ertain officers of such mili- 
tia; but he is nowhere authorized to try, punish, and discharge or otherwise "gov- 
ern" anil "discii)line" the officers of the State militia while in the service of the 
United States. This can be done only in the manner prescribed, and by the officers 
designated, in the Rules and Articles of War and in the Regulations of the United 
States Army. 

The Secretary of War has therefore deciiled that your order discharging Colonel 
Jackson from the service of the United States was given without authority of law. 
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

H. W. Hallkck, General Jn Chief. 

[Ibid., pp. 640,647.] 

St. Lons, October 10, 1862. 
Major-General Hallkck, 

(leneral in (^hief. 

Gknkral: I have received your letter of the 27th of September, in answer to mine 
of the 22d. I delayed a reply until the receipt of yours of the 3d instant rendered a 
reply necessary. 

1 confess that upon reading yours of the 27th September (which has been published 
in the newspapers) I was greatly surprised at its contents. In my letter, to which 
it jiurports to l)e an answer, I had si)okeu of a particular body of troops raised by me 
under an agreement with the President and referring you to the terms of that agree- 
ment. I asked the (picstion whether they were to be regarded as State troops or 
United States troops. I asserted that they were State troops. In your answer you 
l)roceed to show that militia called into the service of the United States are to be 
otlicered l)y the State according to the organizations called for, but may be com- 
manded by officers of a higher grade or higher organization bt-longing to either the 
regular or volunteer service of tlie United States; that is, if the call upon the State 
1h' for rcgiiiu'iits the State authorities conuui.ssion the officers of the regiments, but 
the brigade commanders are designated by the l'n>sident under tlu' law. The prin- 
ciple you assume would, in its a])plication to a call for militia by brigades, allow the 
State authorities to appoint brigailiers, leaving division commanders to be designated 
by the I'resideiit. 

Yon proceed at great length to show the great inconveniences, if not absurdities, 
resulting from any other rule for the commaml of the nulitia in the service of the 
United States, and, finally, you ai)j)ly the rule to the particular force about which I 
asked the (lucstion l>y assuming that the force is in the service of the United States. 



MISSOURI STATE MILITIA. 35 

The surprise produced by your reply, general, was not on account of the novelty 
of your positions, but on account of their utter irrelevancy to the question which I 
had submitted to your consideration. I never doubted the authority of United 
States generals to command regiments of militia called into the service of the United 
States as regiments. My question concerned a special corps of militia raised under a 
special agreement with the President, in relation to which I sought no other advan- 
tage than that the expense should be borne by the United States, because the State 
could not meet it. It was but natural that I shouM expect that my question — whether 
this corps raised under the agreement is a United States force or a State force — should 
be answered by an examination and construction of the written agreement. 

That agreement is in the form of a proposal by the governor to raise a force of State 
militia for the declared purpose of cooperating with the troops in the service of the 
United States in repelling invasion and suppressing insurrection within the State. 
The purpose of cooperating with troops in the service of the United States clearly 
indicates that the force to be raised is not itself in that service. Moreover, it is stii>u- 
lated that the force to be raised " shall be ordered by the governor to cooperate with 
the troops in the service of the United States in military operations." Can it have 
been the understanding of the parties that this force, which was to cooperate with the 
troops in the service of the United States, and was to be ordered by the governor thus 
to cooperate, was itself to be in the service of the United States? It is impossible to 
believe it. It is provided that in case of such union of the two descriptions of forces 
" the combined force " shall be commanded by the United States officer. Are the 
two forces, thus combined, both in the service of the United States? If so, what is 
the sense of the stipulation? 

The force to be raised by the governor as State milita is "to be held in the camp 
and in the field, drilled, disciplined, and governed according to the Army Regula- 
tions and subject to the Articles of War." If the force is to be in the service of the 
United States this is all solemnly expressed nonsense, because the Regulations and 
Articles of War would be the law for its government without any such stipulation. 
But the clause has meaning and force when we find in the militia ordinance of the 
State the provision " that when the militia shall be called into the actual service of 
the State the officers and men shall be subject to the same Rules and Regulations and 
Articles of War that govern the armies of the United States." 

The document announces to the President the rule by which the contemplated 
force is to be governed, while the government is still to be by the State authorities 
under their own law. 

Again, the instrument provides that the troops to be raised "shall be armed, 
equipped, clothed, subsisted, transported, and paid by the United States." It is 
suggested that the parties making the agreement knew that troops in the service of 
the United States would be armed, equipped, clothed, jiaid, etc., by the United 
States, as a matter of course, without any stipulation to that effect, and that there- 
fore this stipulation was inserted for the reason that the force to be raised, being a 
State force, needed this stipulation to be secure in respect to their pay, etc. In other 
words, this part of the agreement shows that the parties considered the force a State 
force and not a United States force, and that therefore this was a necessary provision 
in the contract. 

The provision for paying certain officers on the general State staff by the United 
States, because they were necessary in the relations which this force was to sustain 
to the United States, proves beyond doubt that the force was not to sustain the rela- 
tion to the Government borne by troops in its service. 

The provision "that because the money to be disbursed was to be money of the 
United States, therefore such staff officers in the service of the United States as may 
be neces.sary to act as disbursing officers for the State militia shall be assigned by the 
War Department for that duty, or, if they can not be spared from their present duty, 
the governor will appoint such persons disbursing officers for the State militia as the 
President may designate," proves beyond doubt that this was not to be a United 
States force. The President never would have consented to have his disbursing 
officers appointed by the governor. 

The paper when submitted to the President received his approval, but he thought 
it best to consult General McClellen l^efore perfecting the agreement. The general 
objected to it, and, being sent for by the President, came to the Executive Mansion, 
where his objection was stated in my presence. The chief objection was that diffi- 
culties might arise from a difference in command, and he stated the mode of avoi<l- 
ing them l)y the governor making the general of the department the major-general 
of the State militia. This very objection admits the force to Ije not a United States 
force, but a State force, because if it had been supposed that it was to be a United 
States force it would have been infinitely absurd to stipulate that I should commis- 
sion the United States general of the department the commanding general of this 
force. 



36 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

As my sole design was to raise a force suited by familiarity with the country to 
meet the enemy, then spread over the State, I ajjrree<l to ( ieneral McC'lellan's pro- 
posed amendment without a moment's hesitation. 1 sought for myself neither power 
nor patronage; an<l in this connection it may be pnjper for me to say that 1 have 
never interfered witli the command of these troojjs. 

There are one or two jihrases in the paper which might, by themselves, afford 
countenance to the idea that the force was a United States force — such as the pro- 
vision for governing the force "according to the Regulations of the Army of the 
United States and subject to the Articles of War," and "they shall be considered as 
disbanded from the service of the United States whenever the President shall so 
direct." As to the first of these exjiressions, I have already remarked that the pro- 
vision for the government of the force by regulations and articles of war was words 
without meaning if the proposal is regarded as an offer to raise a force for the I'nited 
States service, because in such case the government would be by such regulations 
and articles as a matter of course. 

But in a projiosal from the governor about State troops it was proper that he 
should assume the obligation to govern them according to the same rule that applied 
to United States troops, particularly when that was the rule provided l)y the law of 
his own State. Thus the law for their government does nut indicate that they were 
to be in the service of the United States. 

The other phrase, "they shall be considered as disbanded from the service of the 
United States whenever the President shall so direct," is cmly a mode providing for 
ending the obligation of the Government to l)ear the expense. 

Observe, the language is "they sliall be considered as disbanded," not that they 
shall be broken up and scattered, as they would be by at-tual disbanding, but that, 
so far as the agreement imposes duties upon the United States, they are to be con- 
sidered as disbanded. 

They are to be considered as (hsbanded from the service of the United States when- 
ever the President shall direct. As a force sustained by the State and which nmst 
look to the State for remuneration, they continue their organization; but retaining 
their organization they are te be "considered" as disbanded so far as the United 
States are concerned. This, I think, is the whole force of the language here employed. 

I have given you, general, at some length my interpretation of this agreement, and 
1 tliink I can not be mistaken in its meaning, as I certainly am not in the imder- 
standing of the {)arties at the time it was made. 

The question submitted to you. Whether the force is a State force or a I'nited 
States force, never has yet been of any practical importance until you announced in 
your letter of the 3d instant that my order discharging Colonel Jackson from the 
service of the United States was without authority of law. 

If you will take the trouble to refer to the muster rolls of Colonel Jackson's regi- 
ment and the rolls of the other regiments of the State militia, long ago tiled in the 
Adjutant-General's ofhce in Washington, you will find that tliese troops were mus- 
tered into the service of the State and not into the service of the United States; and 
you will find that this Colonel Jackson, him.self acting as a mustering officer, actually 
mustered some of the companies of his regiment and mustered them into the service 
of the State of ^lissouri. 

Not only then by the terms of the agreement, but by the nuister made according 
to the general understanding of its meaning, this man. Colonel Jackson, was in the 
servi<'e of the State and was projierly dismissed by me upon the report of his incom- 
petency by an examining lioard. The question of my power to remove othcers and 
to accei)t resignations is one of practical importance. 

I have removed one colonel because it was reported that he did not tight a band 
of rebels when he might have done so successfully. I removed Colonel Jackson 
because a board reported him to be incompetent. I removed a surgeon because he 
was reported to have abandoned the wounded on the field of l>attle. I have accepted 
verv many resignations, which I could not do if the troops were in the service of the 
United States. 

I have constantly acted upon the belief that they are State troops. Yet I have 
had no jiensonal feeling in the matter, and if to-day it were deeme<l best to risk dis- 
turl)iiig them in their operations against the enemy by pro]iosing to them to bt' mus- 
tered into tlie service of the United States, I have not the slightest olijection to their 
being so mustered with their consent. 

In whatever service they now are they have kept the promise I made to the Presi- 
dent when we made the agreement, and in any service which they may enter hereafter 
they will be active, gallant soldiers. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

H. R. G.\MBLE. 

[Ibid., pp. r)58-')()2.] 



MISSOURI STATE MILITIA. 37 

[Unofficinl.] 

WAsniNiiTON, Ortoher SO, 1863. 
His Excellency Governor ( tamble, St. Loxii^. 

Goverxor: Your letter of the 10th is just received and will l)e suliniitted to the 
Secretary of War for his directions, should he decide to give it an ofht-ial answer. 

I write this mainly as a jiersonal exi)lanation. ]My letter of September 27, in answer 
to yours of the 22d, was written by direction of the Secretary of War and ordered by 
him to he puljlished as a .general answer to claims raised in other States in regard to 
the command of the nine months' militia, then being organized under tlie law of the 
last Congress. It would not have been pulilished, but for this ciirumstancc. 

In regard to the views exjiressed in my letter of the 8d instant, I must confess there 
was some doubt in my mind in regard to the proper construction to l)e given to the 
"agreement" referred to. That document seemed to have l)een drawn up for the 
purpose of confusing rather than of clearing up this question of command. It certainly 
looks two ways. It says distinctly that the troops to be raised under it are to be in 
the service of the United States, and yet in other paragraphs it seems to consider 
them as in the service of the State. I should suppose from reading it that it was 
worded expressly to dodge the question and to provide certain exjiedients to jirevent 
its ever coming up, but like most attempts at dodge it only increased the difficulties 
of deciding a question which is coming up all the time and must be decided one way 
or the other. 

The whole matter was thoroughly discussed, the "agreement" being read paragraph 
by paragraph and considered with regard to its legal meaning and effect. The con- 
clusions arrived at were those which I was directed to communicate to you. Perhaps 
they are right, and perhaps not. I don't think it will make nmch difference anyway 
so far as you and I are concerned. 1 am very certain that it will not, for I know 
that we can cordially coopei-ate. If left to me, your action will, in all cases, be con- 
firmed, for I know that you will do nothing which is not right and just. 

******* 

I owe you many thanks, governor, for your kind courtesies, and am, truly yours, 

H. W. Halleck. 

[Ibid., pp. 703, 704.] 

[Unofficial.] 

St, Louis, Novemher 4, 1862. 
Major-General Halleck. 

General: I have just received your letter of the 30th October, and I am gratified 
to learn that your former letters of the 27th of Septemlier and 3d of October were the 
expression of the opinions of others rather than your own. I say this, general, 
because I thought it impossible that you could mistake the meaning of my agreement 
with the President, particularly when the general order from the War Department 
for the organization of the State militia had over and over again called them "State 
forces." 

But you seem to think that the agreement had been designedly made ambiguous 
upon the (juestion of the character of the force. This is a mistake. I drew the 
instrument myself, and whatever obscurity there may be was introduced by some 
interpolations made In- Colonel Scott, Assistant Secretary of War, after the instrument 
as I drew it had been approved and indorsed by the President. While I was aston- 
ished, as an old lawyer would naturally be, by A\hat I regarded as an imprudent act 
of a subordinate, I did not object, because the alterations did not affect the scope and 
meaning of the instrument. 

I concur in the opinion that between us there would never arise any difficulty 
growing out of a diffei'ence in our construction of the paper, because I am sure that 
you will never suspect me of having any concealed purpose of self-aggran<lizement. 
Would to (xod it wei'e possible for those in power to conceive of a man acting from 
perfectly unselfish patriotism. 

******* 
Very truly, yours, 

H. R. Gamble. 

[Ibid., pp. 735, 736.] 



38 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

The controversy between the War Department and the governor of 
Mi.ssouri tinalh' reached the President, who, on November 2*J, 1862, 
thus addressed the Attorney-General: 

Executive Mansion, 

Waxhington, November 29, 1863. 

Honorable Attorney-General. 

]\Iy Dear Sir: FeAv things perplex me more than this? quef^tion between Governor 
Gamble and the War Department as to whether the peculiar force organized by the 
former in Missouri are ' ' State troops " or ' • United States troops. ' ' Now, this is either 
an immaterial or a mischievous question. First, if no more is desired than to have 
it settled what name the force is to be called by, it is immaterial. Secondly, if it is 
desired for mcjre than the fixing a name, it can only be to get a position from which 
to draw practical inferences. Then it is mischievous. Instead of settling one dispute 
by deciding the (juestion, I should merely furnish a nest full of eggs for hatching new 
disputes. I believe the force is not strictly either "State troops" or "United States 
troops." It is of mixed character. I therefore think it is safer, when a practical 
question arises, to decide that question directly and not indirectly by deciding a 
general abstraction supposed to include it and also including a great deal more. 
Without dispute Governor Gamble appoints the officers of this force and fills vacancies 
when they occur. The question now practically in dispute is. Can Governor Gamble 
make a vacancy by removing an officer or accepting a resignation? Now, while it is 
proper that this question should be settled, I do not perceive why either Governor 
Gamble or the (Tovernment here should care which way it is settled. I am perplexed 
with it only because there seems to be pertinacity about it. It seems to me that it 
might be either way without injury to the service, or that the offer of the Secretary 
of War to let Governor Gamble make vacancies and he (the Secretary) to ratify the 
making of them ought to be -satisfactory. 

Yours, truly, A. Lincoln. 

[Ibid., pp. 882, 883.] 

No report of the Attorney-General on the question in dispute has 
been found of record, but the question as to the authority to accept 
resignations and dismiss officers was determined l)v the President him- 
self, in an order from the War Department issued liy his direction, 
from his own manuscript. This order was reproduced in a g-eneral 
order from the headquarters of the State of Missouri, of which the fol- 
lowing is a copy: 

General Orders, ^ Headquarters State of ^Missouri, 

I Adjutant-General's Office, 

No. 1. j 'SY. LoHix, Mo., Junuarii 6, 1863. 

The following special order, received from the War Department, is published for 
the information of all concerned: 

"Special Orders, \ "War Department, Adjutant-General's Office, 

"No. 416. i ''Wushiitgton, December 2S, 1862. 

" By direction of the President, it is ordered that His Kxt-ellency Governor Gamble 
may, in his discretion, remove from office all officers of the peculiar military force 
organized by him in Missouri (except the major-general, in regard to whom special 
provision is already made), and he may accept resignations tendered by such officers, 
he notifying this Department of each such acceptance, when his action thereon will 
be confirmed, and his jirevious action in similar cases is heieby confirmed. 
"By order of the Secretary of War: 

" L. Thomas, Ad'iutanl- General. 
"Official. 

"K. D. Townsend, 
''jUsistdiit Adjutant-General.^'' 

The removals from office in the Missouri State Militia which have been heretofore 
made by tlie governor are'thus relieved from all ciuestion, and will ai-cordingly have 
full effect, except in such cases where the governor has revoked the orders of 
removal. 

All resignations and recommendations will be forwarded by commanding officers 
of regiments, Missouri State Militia, through l)rigade and division headquarters to 
the head(iuarters of the commanding general of the department, whence they will 
be forwardeil, with his indorsement, to the governor for his action. 



MISSOURI STATE MILITIA. 39 

No action will be taken on resignations or appointments which are not transmitted 
in the manner prescribed above. 

By order of the Commander in Chief: 

William D. Wood, 
Acting Adjutant- General. 
[J282,;V.S.,1862.] 

The question as to the status of these troops was again raised in 1864, 
when they were applying for the bounties payable by law for enlist- 
ments in the United States service, and it was then decided by the 
Secretary of War, concurring in the opinion of the Solicitor of the 
War Department, that the}" were ''militia of the State of Missouri 
and not a part of the regular or volunteer forces of the United States," 
and therefore not entitled to bounty under their original enlistments. 
The text of the Solicitor's opinion is as follows: 

War Department, 
Washingtun City, March .^4, 1864. 
Hon. E. M. Stanton, 

Secretary of War, 

Sir: In answer to your inquiry, "what bounty, if any, the Missouri State Militia, 
or recruits for the same, are entitled to, who have been mustered into the United 
States service for three years, unless sooner discharged (under provisions contained 
in General Orders, No. 96, of 1861, from the Adjutant-General's Office)," I have the 
honor to reply that the forces referred to were a body of State militia raised by the 
governor of Missouri, by authority of the general order above referred to, to serve 
during the war, to cooperate with the troops in the service of the United States in 
repelling the invasion of the State of Missouri and in suppressing rel)elli()n therein, 
to be governed by the regulations of the United States Army, subject to the Articles 
of War, but not to be ordered out of the State of Missouri, except for the inunediate 
defense of the said State. 

The general order above referred to further provides: 

' ' The State forces thus authorized will be, during such time as they shall be actually 
engaged as an embodied military force in active service, armed, eciuipped, clothed, 
subsisted, transported, and paid by the United States in accordance with the regu- 
lations of the United States Army and such orders as may from time to time l)e issued 
fi'om the War Department, and in no other manner; and they shall be considered as 
disbanded from the service of the United States whenever the President may direct." 

The Missouri State Militia, therefore, were, in the language of the order, "State 
forces," or militia of the State, bound to serve as such during the war, to cooperate 
with the troops in the service of the United States in repelling invasion and putting 
down rebellion in their own State, with provision that when such State militia should 
be engaged in active service they were to be armed, equipped, subsisted, and paid 
by the United States, but they were not to be ordered out of the State for general 
service, and they were to be disbanded from the service of the United States (but 
not from the service of the State) whenever the President might so direct. 

They are therefore militia of the State of Missouri, and not a part of the regular 
or volunteer forces of the United States. 

Their right to bounty does not depend upon the degree of merit or efficiency of 
their public services. They are entitled only to what the acts of Congress secure to 
them. 

This inquiry does not relate to pensions nor allowances for reenlistments. 

The statute of the United States passed July 22, 1861, section 5, provides that "any 
volunteer noncommissioned officer, private, musician, and artificer who enters the 
service of the United States under this act shall have" certain pay and allowances; 
"and, in addition thereto, if he shall have served for a period of two years or during 
the war, if sooner ended, the sum of $100;" and the statute, chapter 24, of 1861, 
section 5, secures to the men enlisted in the regular forces the same bounties as those 
allowed, or to be allowed, to the volunteer forces. 

By statute passed July 22 [5], 1862, chapter 13;^, section 6, one-quarter part of this 
bounty may be paid immediately after enlistment to every soldier of the regular 
and volunteer forces thereafter enlisted. 

The statute passed July 17, 1862, chapter 201, section 3, gives to men volunteering 
for nine months a bounty of $25, to be paid when their company or regiment is mus- 
tered into service, and section 4 of the same statute authorizes tlie acceptance of vol- 
unteers for twelve months to fill up regiments of infantry then in the United States 
service; and these recruits, when mustered in, are to be in all respects on the same 



40 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

footing as similar troops in the United States service, except as to service bounty, 
whicli shall be $50, one-half to be paid upon their joining their regiments and the 
other half at the expiration of their enlistment. 

In all these enactments there appears to be no provision for payment of service 
bounty to State militia. The statute passed July 29, 1861, chapter 2r>, authorizes 
the President of the Unite<l States to call into service the militia of the States in cer- 
tain cases, and in section 3 provides that the militia so calle<l into service of the 
United States shall, during their term of service, be entitled to the same pay, rations, 
and allowances for clothing as are or may be established by law for the Army of the 
United States; but no provision is made for payment of any service bounty, and we 
must infer that it was designedly omitted. 

The general order (No. 96) under which the body of ^lissouri forces referred to 
was raised states that these Sta^ forces shall be armed, equipped, clothed, sub- 
sisted, transported, and paid in accordance with the regulations of the Army and 
such orders as may be issued from the War Department, and in no other manner; 
and nothing is said of a service bounty, and no regulation of the Army or special 
order of this Department is known to exist giving to these troops a bounty of that 
description. 

A distinction is clearly made in the statutes between regular and volunteer forces 
eidisted into the service of the United States under the special acts and militia of the 
several States temporarily called into service by the President. 

Thus in the statute passed February 7, 1863, chapter 23 (which gives authority to 
the governor of Kentucky to raise in that State a volunteer force to be employed 
within the limits of Kentucky), the fourth section provides that these troops shall 
be mustered into service and be placed on the same footing as other volunteers in 
the service of the United States as to paj', subsistence, clothing, and other emolu- 
ments, except bounty, for and during the time they may be in actual service. 

It may reasonal)ly l)e supposed that Congress intended to give t(i the militia of 
Kentucky raised under this act as liberal rewards for patriotic services as to the mili- 
tia of Missouri. Neither are entitled to the enlistment bounty or to the service 
bounty under the statutes and general orders above cited. 

I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

WiLLi.\M Whitino, 
Solicitor of the War Department. 

War Dep.^rtment, March 31, 1864. 
Approved. 
By order of the Secretary of War: 

Ed. R. S. Canby, . 
Brigadier-General and Amstaut Adjutant-General. 

[Otfi(!ial Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series III. Vol. IV, pp. 

196-198.] 

Prior to the rendition of the opinion quoted above — that the ]Mi.s- 
soiiri State Militia was a State force and not entitled to the service 
bounty — the question had been raised as to the rioht of the discharged 
men of the force to reenlist as veterans under the War Department 
orders providing* for the enlistment of veteran volunteers, and on Sep- 
tember 15. 1S68, the (juestion was decided in the negative, evidently 
])ecause by the terms of their enlistment their service was contined to 
a limited locality (A 4.S1. V. S., 18«)3). Hut when it was subsequently 
suggested by the governor of the State and the connnanding general 
of the military department that for special reasons the meml)ers of the 
foree then in service l)e permitted to reenter the service as veterans, 
the necessary authority was granted. The correspondence on this 
subject is deemed to be of suthcient interest to justifv its reproduction 
in fuli: 

Headqiartkks Dki'autment ok the Missouri, 

St. Jjniiif. Mn., Decembers, 1S6S. 

Col. K. D. TOVVNSENI), 

Axsixtant Adjtita)d-Gciierul, ]\'(i.^liliii/tt>)i, 1). ('. 
Colonel: I inclose herewith a communication from the governor of Missouri rela- 
tive to the reenlistment of the Missouri State ^lilitia as veteran volunteers. 1 fully 



MISSOURI STATE MILITIA. 41 

concur in all the governor says on this subject, and resi^ectfully recommend it to the 
favorable consideration of the War Department. 

In drill, discipline, and ettii-iency these troops will compare favorably with any 
volunteer troops which I have seen. Hence the advantages to result from their 
reenlistment will be as great as in the case of other troops. Also their arduous and 
efficient services have merited the same reward as that accorded to others who reen- 
list as veterans. In fact, I am aware of no reason why they should not be received 
into the veteran corps, while there is in favor of it the consideration, in addition to 
the general one applicable to all troops, that it will do away with this exceptional 
corps by transferring the men composing it to the general service. This I deem an 
important consideration, and I trust will be so regarded by the Department. 

If this proposition be adopted, I will recommend that the men reenlist in their 
present companies and regiments, the organization remaining inichanged until all 
the old troops shall have had an opportunity to 'reenlist l)y the expiration of their 
two years' service. This will take until May next. Then the veterans can be con- 
solidated and organized inider the best officers, if such consolidation be found neces- 
sary, and those who refuse to reenlist can be also consolidated and remain in service 
as militia as long as they may be required. This remainder will doul)tless be very 
small and perhaps will not be needed longer in service. 

I am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

J. M. SCHOFIELD, 

Major-General, C'ovimandhtg. 
[Inclosure.] 

Headquarters State of Missouri, 

Office of Comma xder in Chief, 

St. Louis, December 7, 1863. 
Major-General Schofield. 

General: You know the interest which I have always felt in the jNIissouri State 
Militia, a corps of 10,000 men, raised ])y me under an agreement with the President 
of the United States of the 7th of November, 1861, of which corps you are the major- 
general. The service of this corps was, by agreement, limited to the State of Mis- 
souri, and to its immediate defense. It has now been rendering most laborious and 
efficient service for nearly two years; some of the men having been full two years 
enlisted, and by the coming sj^ring most of them will have been two years in service. 
Although this is a local force, yet there never has been a time since it was organized 
when a much larger force of volunteers was not required for the defense of the State, 
so that the Missouri State Militia was engaged in performing precisely the same serv- 
ice that was required of the volunteers. 

In everything, then, that gives value to soldiers in their past experience of military 
life, the State militia stands jirecisely upon the same footing with volunteers; in drill 
and discipline they are equal to volunteers; in marches and battles they have shown 
themselves equal to any other troops; their ability to endure the fatigue and priva- 
tions of a campaign has been fully tested in their past service. 

The term of service for which these men were enlisted was "during the war in Mis- 
souri," and, in my judgment, that term has very nearly expired. 

I am anxious that the Government shall have the services of these men in its opera- 
tions in other States, because I l)elieve they will be found very efficient in any field 
in which they may be employed. I wish them to be in the general service without 
any territorial limitation, yet I am aware that there is no power I)y which, without 
their consent, their terms of enlistment can V)e changed, and I am further aware that 
any general proposition made to any corps to change their enlistment will not be 
universally acceded to. 

I desire, therefore, that such of the men in the Missouri State Militia as are willing 
to go into the general service of the I-nited States be reenlisted on the footing of 
veterans, with the bounty and privileges given to veterans. I believe that this can 
not be allowed to them under existing orders; but I am so profoundly convinced 
that the Government would derive great benefit from the arrangement that I wish 
you to urge upon the authorities at Washington the })ropriety of issuing orders which 
will authorize the soldiers of this corps to enlist as veterans. 
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

H. R, Gamble, Governor of Missouri. 



42 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

[Indorsemt'nts.] 

War Department, Adjutant-General's Office,* 

December 14, 1863. 
Respectfully submitted to the General in Chief, who has already decided that the 
Missouri State Militia were not entitled to the benefits of General Orders, No. 191, 
current series. General Schofield's letter seems to me to give reason for thinking 
that the good of the service might be promoted by adopting his suggestions. 

James B. Fry, 
Provost- Ma rshal- General. 

I respectfully recommend the enlistment of Missouri State Militia into the general 
service of the United States as veterans, without any conditions as to time of reor- 
ganization or place of service. 

December 18, 1863. 

H. W. Halleck, General in Chief. 

War Department, Provost-Marshal-General's Office, 

December 22, 1863. 
Maj. Gen. J. M. Schofield, 

U. S. Volunteers, Commanding Department of the Mhsnuri, St. Louis, Mo. 
General: I have respectfully to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 8th 
instant in reference to the reenlistment as veteran volunteers of the Missouri State 
Militia. 

In reply I have to inform you that the permission of the Department is hereby 
given to reenlist the said troops into the volunteer service of the United States, but 
without any conditions as to time of reorganization or place of service. This must be 
distinctly understood. 

The regulations governing the reenlistment of other troops as veterans will be appli- 
cable to the force in question. 

I am, general, very respectfully, etc., 

J. B. Fry, rroiost- Marshal- General. 
[M2520, V. S., 1863.] 

Under the authority received from the War Department a circular 
was issued from headquarters Department of the Missouri, of which 
the following is a copy: 

Circular.] Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

St. Louis, Mo., December 2o, 1863. 

Telegraphic instructions have just been received at these headquarters which 
authorize the reenlistment of the Missouri State Militia as veterans with the under- 
standing that they shall be reorganized on the footing of volunteers in the United 
States service, to be used wherever the Government may have need of their services. 
As the time for payment of the veteran bounty is limited by law to the 5th proximo, 
regimental commanders must appoint their recruiting oftieers for veterans in accord- 
ance with General Orders, No. 150, current series, from these head(]uarters at once. 

All men of the Missouri State Militia reenlisting as veterans will be retained in 
their present regimental and company organizations until the original term of service 
expires, when the veterans will be consolidated under officers selected for their effi- 
ciency from the corps. 

By command of Major-General Schofield: 

O. D. Greene, 
Assistant Adjutant- General. 

Under date of May 10, 1864, the adjutant-general of Missouri was 
advised by the War Department that the State was entitled to credit 
for the men reenlisted under the authority of the Department letter of 
Deceml>er 22, 1803, quoted above, and that the men were entitled to 

'This indorsement was prepared for the signature of an official of the Adjutant- 
General's Office, and, through an inadvertency, when signed by the Provost-Marshal- 
General, the designation of the office was not changed. 



MISSOURI STATE MILITIA. 43 

the veteran bounties. Following is a copy of the War Department 
letter and its inclosure: 

War Department, Adjutant-General's Office, 

May 10, 1864. 
Brig. Gen. John B. Gray, 

Adjutant-General of Missouri, St. Louis. 
General: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 5th 
instant relative to credits of men of the Missouri State Militia reenlisted under the 
authority of the War Departuient Provost-Marshal-General's letter of December 22. 
1863. 

In reply I am directed to inform you that the State is entitled to credit for the said 
men, and that the men are entitled to the veteran bounties. 

In explanation I respectfully inclose herewith a copy of a letter from the Provost- 
Marshal-General to the Hon. Wm. Hall relative to the same subject. 
I have the honor to remain, 

T. M. Vincent, 
Assistant Adjutant-General. 
[M 2520, V. S., 1863.] 

[Inclosure.] 

War Department, 

Provost-Marshal-General's Office, 

Washington, D. C, Mat/ 9, 1S64. 
Hon. William A. Hall, 

United States House of Representatives, Washinf/ton, D. C. 
Sir: I have examined the papers you left in relation to the Missouri Militia and do 
not find that the cjuestion of reenlistment as veterans is touched by the opinion of 
the Solicitor of the War Department. On the contrary, I find in the opinion the fol- 
lowing: "This inquiry does not relate to pensions nor allowances for reenlistment." 
The question presented by the papers you left seems to be one connected with a claim 
for bounty for past services, and does not affect my letter of December 22 permitting 
the reenlistment of these men as veterans. In this view of the case I return the 
papers to you for such further action upon the claim for bounty as you may find best. 
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

James B. Fry, 
Provost- Marshal- General. 
[W 1178, V. S., 1864.] 

In a letter from the War Department, dated June 10, 1864, Major- 
General Rosecrans, then commanding- the Department of the Missouri, 
was authorized to collect the veteran volunteers I'eenlisted from the 
Missouri State Militia and form them into a regiment or battalion, and 
in the same letter authority was granted for the reenlistment of such 
other members of the force as might desire to enlist for unconditional 
service, the recruits so enlisted to be formed into companies and regi- 
ments. Under this authority several regiments were organized for the 
volunteer service. 

In January, 1865, it was decided by the War Department that, though 
"mustered in for during the war," the Missouri State Militia should 
be held to service for three years only. This decision was conveyed 
in a letter, of which the following is a copy: 

War Department, Adjutant-General's Office, 

January 5, 1865. 
Col. B. L. E. Bonneville, 

Commissary of Clusters, Department of Missouri, Benton Barracks, Mo. 
Sir: I have respectfully to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of the 
22d ultimo, transmitting list of regiments Missouri State jNIilitia (received into service 
under General Orders, No. 96, War Department, series of 1861) mustered in for dur- 
ing the war, but who claim discharge after three years' service. 

In reply 1 am directed to inform you that the said troops were mustered in for 
during the war, but it is decided by the Department that they will be held for three 



44 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

year? only, and their muster out will be governed aecordincrly, under the same regu- 
lations as are applied to the muster out and discharge of other troops from the serv- 
ice of the United States. 

T. :M. Vincent, 
Assintant A djutani- (ieneral. 
[Letters-Sent Book, Vol. 11, i.j). ;]»i7, 368.] 

The tiniil order issued by the War Department relative to the muster 
out of the Missouri State ^Militia was dated June 28, 1865, and is as 
follows: 

War Department, Ad.tutant-General's Office, 

Washington, June 23, 1863. 
Maj. Uen. (i. M. DoixtE, 

St. Louis, Mo.: 
The Secretary of War directs that all troops ])elonging to the ]VIissouri State 3Iilitia, 
authorized by General Orders, No. 96, of 1861, and yet remaining in service, be 
immediately discharged. 

The musters out will be made under the regulations promulgated in General 
Orders, No. 94, current series, from this office. 

Thomas M. Vincent, 

As.sintant Adjutant- General. 

[Official Eecords of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series III, Vol. V, p. 59.] 

That the Missouri State Militia rendered valuable service to the 
United States and to the State of Missouri, both within the limits of 
the State and beyond its borders, there is abundant evidence. In his 
report (not dated) of operations in Missouri and northwestern Arkansas 
from April 10 to November 20. 180!^, General Schofield stated with 
reference to this force: 

The troops were placed upon active duty in the field in conjunction with the 
United States troops as fast as organized in companies, without waiting for regimental 
or battalion organizations. In this, the best of all schools for instruction, a degree 
of efficiency was acquired seldom equaled by new troops in so short a time. By 
April 15, 1862, an active, efficient force of 13,800 men was placed in the field. 
* * * As rapidly as this force was placed in the field a corresponding number of 
United States troops was relieved and sent to join the armies then operating in the 
more southern States. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. XIII, p. 8.] 

And in a letter heretofore quoted in this paper General Schotield 
again l)ore testimony to the gallantry and efficiency of these troops, 
stating that "in drill, discipline, and efiiciency"' they would compare 
favorably with an^^ volunteer troops he had seen. 

Similar testimony was given by the governor of the State in a letter, 
also (juoted in this paper, in which he stated that *' in drill and efficiency 
they are eijual to volunteers: in marches and ])attles they have shown 
themselves equal to any other troops.'' 

Testimony as to their good character was also given by the adjutant- 
general of the State in his annual report of 1868 (p. 50), in which he 
said: 

It can be said with truth that in every instance where the Missouri State Militia 
have met the enemy they have fought like veterans. At no time have they ilis- 
graccd their State, and whenever they have been called upon to go In'yond its bor- 
ders they have <lone so readily and eagerly, more especially if the prospect of a fight 
was itiimediate, as, for example, one in.^tance may l)i' noted, where the Sixth Cavalry 
Missouri State .Militia, Colonel Catherwood I'ommaiitling, with a portion of the 
Eighth, during the past summer marched to Fort Ciibson to join General Blunt, and, 
crossing the .\rkansas River, pursued tlie rel)els to Ked Kiver, Arkansas, when it 
returned witli him to Fort Smitli and thence to Springfiel<l, making a forced march, 
W'ith scarcely any supplies, of 700 miles. Even now some of its companies are on 
duty at some of the most remote outposts of the Kansas frontier. But as a general 



MISSOURI STATE MILITIA. 45 

thing the Missouri State ]\Iilitia have found work enough to do within the Ijoundaries 
which tlie terms of their enlistment prescribed. Since their fdrmation there has 
been no tight or skirmish of any importance in which they have not participated. 
Tlie tights of Kirksville. Moore's Mill, Lone .Tack, Springfield, Hartville, Cape 
Girardeau, and scores of others in which they have been engaged bear witness to 
their bravery and endurance. In the late raid made by the rebel Shelljy into this 
State, almost the only troops that could come up with him, and which finally routed 
him and drove him from our borders, were the class of which I am now writing. To 
give even a condensed report of all their movements and actions would re(iuire more 
time than I have now at my disposal. 

And in his report of 1S64 the State tidjutant-general said (p. 28): 

The operations of this force during the past year have been mainly confined to 
the limits of the State, although portions thereof have been occasionally employed 
in expeditions V)eyond its southern and westerii ])orders. 

During the most of the time its regiments have been, each of them, widely scat- 
tered, freijuently with not more than a single company at any one point. The great 
extent of country which was, necessarily, to be protected by military occupation 
has compelled such a disposition, and it was not until the raid of the rebel forces 
under Price transpired, during the past autumn, that anything like a general concen- 
tration of regiments could be perfected. During that raid some seven of the ten 
regiments were brought together and rendered eminent service, when thus concen- 
trated, in expelling an invasion which was so boastingly commenced and so inglori- 
ously ended. 

By a resolntion of Cong-re.s.s, approved July 13, 1868, the Mi.ssouri 
State Militia was placed on '*an etiual footing- with the volunteers; as 
to bounties/' The text of this resolution is as follows: 

Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of Amcrim In 
Congress assembled, That the troops recognized in an act entitled "An act making 
appropriations for completing the defenses of "Washington, and for other purposes," 
approved February thirteenth, eighteen hundred and sixty-two, be, and are hereby, 
considered as placed on an equal footing with the volunteers as to bounties, and that 
all laws relating to bounties be applicable to them as to other volunteers. 

Approved, July 13, 1868. 

[15 Stat. L., p. 256.] 

A pensionable status under the general law was oiven to the surviv- 
ing* officers and enlisted men of the Missouri State Militia and the 
heirs of those deceased by a provision of section 8 of the act approved 
March 8, 1873, entitled "An act to revise, consolidate, and amend the 
laws relating- to pensions." The clause referred to reads as follows: 

Sec. 8. * * * That the provisions of this act are hereby extended to and 
made to embrace the officers and privates of the Missouri State Militia, * * * 
disabled by reason of injury received or disease contracted in the line of duty while 
such militia was cooperating with United States forces, and the widow or children 
of any such person dying of injury received or disease contracted under the circum- 
stances herein set forth shall be entitled to the benefits of this act: Prorlded, That 
the pensions on account of such militia shall not commence prior to the date of the 
passage of this act. That the provisions of this section shall be so interpreted as 
to apply to the widows, child, or children of officers and privates of the Missouri 
State Militia * * * if the husband or father was wounded or contracted the 
disease of which he died while in the service of the Government of the United 
States. 

******* 

Approved, March 3, 1873. 

[17 Stat. L., pp. 569, 570.] 

The provisions of the pension act of June 27, ISIM), were subse- 
quently extended to the members of the Missouri State Militia and 
their representatives. This was done by a joint resolution approved 
February 15, 1895, entitled "Joint resolution to restore the status of 



46 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

the Missouri Militia wiio served during the late war." Following is 
a copy of so much of the resolution as relates to the Missouri State 
Militia: 

Resolved by the Senate and House of Representafi.res of the United States of America in 
Congress assembled, That the provisions of the act of June twenty-seventh, eighteen 
hundred and ninety, be, and are hereby, extended to inchide the oiiicers and pri- 
vates of the Missouri State Militia * * * who served ninety days during the late 
war of the rebellion and were honorably discharged, and to the widows and minor 
children of such persons. The provisions of this act shall include all such persons 
now on the pension rolls or who may hereafter apply to be admitted thereto. 

Approved, February 15, 1895. 

[28 Stat. L., p. 970.] 

In considering the status of the Missouri State Militia it is to be 
borne in mind that in the order of the War Department (General Orders, 
No. 1)6, of 1861) authorizing their employment they are referred to as 
a "force of State militia'"' organized ""to cooperate with the troops 
in the service of the United States" in a limited lield of service; that 
they were mustered into the service of the State of Missouri by State 
officers; that the oath administered to them at the time of muster in 
was that they should "honestly and faithfully serve the State of 
Missouri;" that the President and the War Department conceded to 
the governor of the State the right to accept resignations and remove 
officers; that it was determined by the Secretary of War, concurring 
in the opinion of the Solicitor of the War Department, that they were 
"militia of the State of Mis.souri and not a part of the regular or 
volunteer forces of the United States," and, therefore, not entitled to 
the service bounty, and that special legislation l)y Congress was neces- 
sary to give to the members of the force the bounties and pensions 
payable to volunteers in the militar}" service of the United States. 

But it is also to be considered that the act of February 13, 1862, b\'- 
implication, recognized the Missouri State Militia as being then in the 
military service of the United States; that until December, 1862, when 
the President recognized the authority of the governor to remove offi- 
cers, it was uniformly held by the War Department that this militia 
force was in the United States service; that the War Department 
authorized the enlistment of members of the force as veteran volun- 
teers, a privilege generally extended only to those who had served the 
United States; that after the ruling of 186-t that the Missouri State 
Militia was not a part of the regular or volunteer forces of the United 
States the War Department exercised the authority to determine when 
their service should terminate, and directed that they should be mus- 
tered out under the same regulations that were applied to the "muster 
out and discharge of other troops from the service of the United 
States." And in this connection it is to be stated that on January 30, 
186.5, the Provost-Marshal-General, in a letter authorizing the governor 
of Mis.souri to organize additional regiments for the volunteer service, 
excluded fi-om enlistment in the new reginu'iits members of the "Mis- 
soui"i State .Militia oi* other troops alr(»ady in the service of the United 
States;*' that the Missouri State Militia were, in fact, mustered out of 
service by United States officers, and that their nuister-out rolls report 
them as having been mustered out of the United States service; that 
the rolls of the several organizations were received and tiled in the War 
De])artment like those of volunteers in tlu^ United States service; that 
these rolls were always reported from l)v the Adjutant-General's Office 



MISSOURI STATE MILITIA. 47 

to the accounting officers of the Government precisely in the form and 
manner observed in the preparation of reports from the rolls of troops 
regularly mustered into the United States military service; that the 
remuster and desertion laws applicable to officers and enlisted men in 
the militar}^ service of the United States and the act providing for the 
furnishing of certificates in lieu of lost discharges were applied to the 
Missouri State Militia precisely as if that force had been regularly in 
the military service of the United States, and, finally, that the practice 
of the Adjutant-General's Office with respect to these troops has been 
continued b}' the Record and Pension Oflfice, its propriety not having 
been called in question. 

It is evident from the foregoing that the peculiar military force 
known as the Missouri State Militia was not technically in the military 
service of the United States, and the practice inaugurated in the 
Adjutant-General's Office of treating it as a volunteer force in that 
service is doubtless open to criticism, but it is to be stated that the 
reports furnished from the rolls contained the information required in 
the adjudication of claims arising under the special legislation provid- 
ing for the payment of bounties and pensions, and that the application 
of the remuster and other laws applicable to the volunteer forces has 
an equitable, if not a strictly legal foundation. How^ever, regardless 
of the propriety of the action of the War' Department with regard to 
this force, it would seem that it is now, after the lapse of more than a 
third of a century, too late to change the existing practice, and the 
Missouri State Militia has therefore been scheduled in this paper among 
the troops recognized as having been in the military service of the 
United States. 

As already stated in this paper, the " Missouri State Militia," which 
originally aggregated 13,000 men, was reduced b}^ special authority of 
Congress to a maximum of 10,000. The force as originally oi'ganized 
included 1-1 regiments, 3 battalions, and 1 independent company of 
cavalry, 2 batteries of light artillery, 1 regiment of infantry, and 1 
compan}^ of sappers and miners. 



P 



ENROLLED MISSOUR[ MILITIA. 



ORGANIZATION, STKEN(iTH, DISBANDMENT. 

During- the earh^ suninicr of 1862 a movement was set on foot by 
the enemies of the Government having for its object the systematic 
orgiinization of guerrilla bands throughout the State of Missouri. 
This movement became so formidaV)le that it was determined by the 
State authorities to take stringent measures for the suppression of 
existing disorders. Accordingly Brig. Gen. John M. Schotield, the 
commander of the Missouri State Militia and also the United States 
military commander of the District of Missouri, was authorized to 
organize the entire militia force of the State for the purpose of 
putting down marauders and defending the peaceal)le citizens of the 
State. This was done in orders from State headquarters, of which 
the following is a cop}": 

Special Orders, ^ Headquarters State of Missouri, 

y Adjutaxt-Itexekal's Office, 

No. 101. J St. Loiw, July 22, 1862. 

The existence of numerous bands of guerrillas in different parts of the State, who 
are engaged in robbing and murdering peaceable citizens for no other cause than 
that such citizens are loyal to the Government under which they have always lived, 
renders it necessary that the most stringent measures be adopted to punish all such 
crimes and to destroy such bands. 

Brig. Gen. John M. Schotield, in command of the Missouri State ^lilitia, is hereby 
authorized to organize the entire militia of the State into companies, regiments, and 
brigailes, and to order into active service such portions of the force thus organized 
as he may judge necessary for the purpose of putting down all marauders and 
defending the peaceable citizens of the State. 

H. R. Gamble, 
, Governor of the State of Missouri. 

[Annual Report Adjutant-General of Missouri, LS6;>, p. 19.] 

On the same day, July 22, 1S02, pursuant to the authority thus con- 
ferred upon him, General Schotield issued the following: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters ^Missouri State Militia, 

No. 19. i -SV. Lords, Mo., Jnly 22, 1862. 

An iimnediatc organization of all the militia of ^Missouri is hereby ordered, for the 
purpose of exterminating the guerrillas that infest our State. 

Kvery al)le-bodicd man caf)able of l>earing arms and subject to militar}' duty is 
lierel)y ordered to repair, witliout delay, to the nearest military post and report for 
<iuty to tlie commanding otlicer. Every man will bring with him whatever arms he 
may have or can ])r()curc, and a good horse if he has one. 

.\11 arms and annnunition of whatever kind and wherever found, not in the hands 
of the loyal militia, will l)e taken pos.-^ession of by the latter and used for the public 
defense. Tho.«e who have no arms and can not procure them in the above manner 
will be su|>plied as (piickly as possibk' by the ordnance dejiartment. 

The militiamen who shall assiMuble at any post will be immediately enrolled and 
organized into cdnipanies, elect their officers, and be sworn into service, in accord- 
ance with the militia laws of the Statt\ under the immediate superintendence of the 
cominandiiig otlicer of the post. 

The militia thus organized will l)e governed liy the Articles of Warand Army Regu- 
latiims, and will l)e subject to do duty under the orders of the commanding officers 

48 



ENROLLED MISSOURI MILITIA. 49 

of the post where they enrolled, or such other officers of the United States troops or 
Missouri Militia, regularly mustered into service, as may be assigned to their command. 

Commanding officers will report from day to day, i)y telegraph when practicable, 
the progress of enrollment at their posts and the number of arms recpiired. 

Six days after the date of this order are allowed for every man fit for military duty 
to report to the commanding officer of the nearest military post and be enrolled. 
All persons so enrolled will be regarded as belonging to the active militia of the State 
until further orders. 

The commanding officer of a post, or any higher commander, is authorized to give 
furloughs to such men of this militia force as can not be absent from their ordinary 
business without serious detriment or such as are not neeiled for present service. 
Such leaves of al)sence will in no case be for a longer period than ten days, and may 
be revoked at any time or renewed at their exi)iration at the discretion of the olheer 
granting them. 

The same strict discipline anil obedience to orders will l)e enforced among the 
militia in service under this order as among other troops, and commanding officers 
will be held strictly responsible for all unauthorized acts of the men. 

The enrollment and organization of the militia of St. Louis will l)e under the gen- 
eral direction of Col. Lewis Merrill, commanding St. Louis Division, who will estab- 
lish rendezvous, appoint enrolling officers, and make such regulations as he shall 
deem necessary. 

By order of Brigadier-General Schofleld: 

C. W. Marsh, 
Assistant Adjutant-General. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XIII, \i. 506.] 

On the 24th of July an order was issued I)}- General Schotield pro- 
viding for the organization into se))arate corps of the employees of the 
United States, State and city governments, and of railroad and trans- 
portation companies and other corporations. Following is a copy of 
the order: 

General Orders, \ HEADtiUARTERs IMissouRi State Militia, 

No. 20. j St. Louis, Mo., July ^4, 1S6J. 

All persons in the employ of the United States, State, or city governments will be 
enrolled and organized by the chiefs of their respective dei^artments, and will act 
under the orders of their respective chiefs. 

All railroad and transportation companies, and other corporations employing large 
numbers of men, will organize their employees into distinct corps, under their 
respective chiefs. The chiefs of such companies, corporations, and departments of 
government not now in the military service of the State or of the LTnited States will 
report to an authorized enrolling officer and be themselves sworn into service, when 
they will proceed to enroll and organize the men under their control. 

All voluntary organizations of the loyal militia wliich may be i)erfected before the 
expiration of the time specified for enrollment in (Tcneral Orders, No. 19, and pre- 
sent their nmster rolls to the sui)erintendent of enrollment in St. Louis or the nearest 
enrolling officer will be recognized and received as such. 

It is desirable that such voluntary organizations shall, as far as possible, embrace 
all the men subject to militia duty belonging to the same business firms located in 
close proximity to each other, so that a certain portion of the members of such 
organizations may be called into active service at any time without interrupting their 
ordinary business. 

Bv order of Brigadier-General Schofield: 

C. W. Marsh, 
Assista nt Adjutant- General. 

[Ibid., pp. 508,509.] 

In conformity with this order, special orders were issued by Col. 
Lewis Merrill, commanding the St. Louis Division, for the organiza- 
tion of the employees of certain transfer, express, and railroad com- 
panies, as follows: 

Special Orders, \ HEAixiUAKTERs St. Louis Division, 

No. 48. i St. Louii<, Mo., JuJij 34, 1862. 

The officers and employees of the St. Louis Transfer Company and of the Adams, 
American, and United States express compafiies will be enrolled in a special trans- 

S. Doc. 412 4 



50 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION, 

portatioii corps under the direction of the piiperintendent of the transfer company 
as enrolling ofticer, and will for the present be organized in the same manner as an 
infantry battalion of four comiyanies. - ' 

The enrolling ofiicer will report for further orders to Capt. R. A. Howard, superin- 
tendent of enrollment. 

IJ. The otHcers and employees of the North Missouri Railroad, the Pacific Rail- 
road, un<l the Iron ^lountain Railroad will l)e enrolled and organized into special 
corjw railroad guards under the direction, in each case, of the superintendent of the 
road as enrolling officer. The enrolling officer will report to C'ai)t. R. A. Howard 
for further orders. 

******* 

By order of Col. Lewis Merrill: 

Harrison A. Gleim, 

Lleutoiant and Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. 

[Book No. 441, Department of thc! Missouri, p. 173.] 

On July 24, 1862, a o-enertil order was issued by General Schotield 
announeino- the exemption from enrollment of the subjects of foreign 
powers resident in the State of ^Missouri. This order reads as follows: 

General Orders, \ Heaixiuarters Missouri State Militia. 

No. 21. j St. Louis, Juhi 24, 1S62. 

I. The subjects of foreign powers resident in the State of ^Missouri, lawfully pur- 
suing their avocations, are exempt from enrollment in the militia of the State, as 
required by Orders, No. 19. Upon such persons, however, enjoying the protection 
of life and property and civil rights afforded b.y the laws, the obligation of a strict 
and impartial neutrality will be strongly enforced. While maintaining such neu- 
trality the fullest protection will be accorded, but any departure from the same by 
taking up arms, by conveying information, or in any manner, by word or deed, aiding 
or abetting the enemies of the State or United States or encouraging them in rebellion, 
will i)lace the offender without the protection accorded to him as a subject of a for- 
eign power, and expose him to all the penalties visited upon the enemies of the State 
or United States. 

II. In order that such protection may be afforded to foreigners resident in the 
State as they may be entitled to by the laws of nations and under the treaties lietween 
the United States and friendly powers, it is ordered that at each military post an 
enrollment be made of all such persons as claim to be thus exempt from duty. Such 
enrollment shall be preceded [by a statement] that the parties whose names are 
subscribed are subje(;ts of a foreign power, specifying what power; that they have 
never l^ecome naturalized citizens under the laws of the United States for that pur- 
pose; that they have never at any time while resident of this State or of the United 
States exercised any of the rights, privileges, and innnunities accorded by law only 
to citizens; that they have heretofore i)reserved, and will hereafter during the pres- 
ent rebellion and while they shall continue to reside within the limits of the United 
States jireserve, a strict and im])artial neutrality, and will not give aid, information, 
or comfort to the enemy. Such enrollment will contain the signature of the party 
claiming exemption, his age, period of residence in this State and in the United 
States. 

III. Any citizen of tlie United States resident in tliis State who shall make a false 
and fraudulent statement or claim to exemption under this order will be arrested 
and subjected to trial and jnmishment l)y military commission. 

IV. Commandants of jKists will designate some loyal militiamen to take charge of 
the enrollment herein ordered, and such enrollment, when completeil, will be for- 
warded to division head(]uarters to be filed. AH persons i-laiming exemption will 
report to such enrolling officer within six days after pid)lished notii-e of the time and 
])lace where such enrollment will be made. 

By order of Brigadier-Cienerai Schotield: 

C. W. Marsh, 
Assistant Adjntant-GenrraL 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XIII, p. 509.] 

Under date of July 27, 1802, General Scholield promuloated an order 
declarino- the object of the organization and modifying the mode of 
enrollment. Following is a copj* of the order: 



ENKOLLED MISSOURI MILITIA. 51 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Missouri State Militia, 

No. 22. i , St. Luuifi, July 21\ 1862. 

It being manifest that the object of the enrollment of the Missouri ^Militia pre- 
scrilied by General Orders, No. 19, July 22, 1862, has l:)een misrepresented by the 
enemies of law and order, and eoiisequently is generally misunderstood, it is hereby 
declared that the object of such organization is solely to organize law-abiding people 
of the State capable of bearing arms in such complete and thorough manner as to 
enable them at once and forever to put down robbery, plunder, and guerrilla war- 
fare, which it is plainly the duty and interest of every citizen to aid in doing. 

To the end that this object may be accomplished and all possil)le ground for mis- 
apprehension be removed, the mode of enrollment will hereafter l)e as follows: 

The militiamen of the various counties will asseml)le at the nearest military post, 
the county seat, or other convenient place, and organize themselves into companies 
and elect their officers. As soon as a company shall be organized a copy of the I'oU 
and a return of the election, duly certified, will Ije sent to the headquarters of the 
division in which the county is situated. At the same time a report of the arms and 
ammimition on hand will be furnished to the conmianding officer of the division. 

A copy of the certificate of election will be forwarded by the division commanders 
to these headquarters, in order that the officers may !)e conmiissioned and thus duly 
authorized to act when any emergency shall render their services necessary. 

The time for enrollment, as prescribed in General Orders, No. 19, is extended to 
the 10th of August proximo, in order that ample time may l)e given in which to com- 
plete the voluntary organization of all citizens who are willing to do their duty in 
maintaining law and order. 

Bv order of Brigadier-General Schofield: 

C. W. Marsh, 
Amstant Adjutant-General. 

[Ibid., p. 510.] 

On the following- day Genentl Schofield published additional reg-ula- 
tions relative to the organization and equipment of the militia, and pro- 
viding for exemption from personal service by the payment of mone}' 
in lieu thereof, the fimd accruing from this source to be applied to 
the pa3mient of extra expenses in the recruitment of volunteers for the 
general (United States) service and in defraying' the expenses of the 
militia force itself. Following is a cop}" of the order: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Missouri State jMilitia, 

No. 23. i >Sf. Loim, July 38, 1862. 

All persons who prefer to contriljute UKiney rather than personal service in the 
Enrolled Militia can procure exemption from military duty for one year by enrolling 
their names and paying an exemi^tion fee into the military treasury of the State or 
of the county in which they reside, at the ojjtion of the individual. 

The money paid into the State treasury will be used in paying extra bounty and 
other extra ex]ienses incurred in raising volunteers for the Ignited States service, and 
will be exjiended under the orders of the governor. That paid into the vai'ious 
county treasuries will be used in defraying the expenses of the State militia when 
in active service or in camps of instruction, and will be disbursed under the orders 
of the governor. 

The exemption fee will be SIO for each individual and one-tenth of 1 per cent 
upon all taxable property, as shown by the last assessment. The exemption fee may 
be paid in money or in supplies for the supi»ort of the militia when in active service. 

It is expected that all persons of means, though legally exempt from military serv- 
ice, will voluntarily contribute in proportion to their ability to one of these funds, and 
thus enroll themselves among the loyal and willing supjjorters of law and onler. 

All persons not exempt from military service by law, l>y general orders, or by 
payment of exemption fee will be enrolled and organized into companies, regiments, 
and brigades. 

The organization prescribed by law will be so far modified that each company shall 
contain of each grade three times the number prescrilied by law. 

On these nuinl)ers any proportion not to exceeil one-third may be exempt from 
service for one year by the ijayraent of the usual exemi)tion fee into the company 
treasury. The fund thus formed will constitute a company fund, to be expended 
under the orders of the council of administration in defraying the expenses incident 
to the organization, instruction, equipment, etc., of the company when not in active 



52 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

service, and, if need be, to meet the necessities arising from any sudden and unex- 
pected call for active service. 

That }K)rtion of each company not exrtnpt by payment of company fee will be 
divided into two equal parts, one of which will at all times be ready for active 
service. 

Those at any time ready for active service will be called the first class. Those 
exempt for the time being only will be called the second class, and those exempt at 
all times the third class. 

The senior captain of the company will be captain of the third class and ex-officio 
treasurer of the company. The niemliers of the first and second class, respectively, 
in each grade will at first be determined by lot, after which they will alternate 
monthly at the end of each month. 

A member of the first class may at any time be transferred to.the second class by 
obtaining a substitute from the latter. 

The field and staff officers of a regiment will also be three of each grade, having 
corresponding positions in command of the three classes. 

When companies are organized into regiments, 10 per cent, of each company fund 
will be paid into the regimental fund for the payment of expenses incidental to a 
regimental organizatinn. 

The senior quartermaster of the regiment will be regimental treasurer, and will 
disburse the regimental fund only on the orders of the commanding oflficer of the 
regiment. 

Each company will be furnished with arms only sufticient to arm the first class, 
and the company will provide itself with a suitable armory and place for drill, where 
it will be drilled daily, at least three hours, at such times of day as may be most 
convenient. At the end of the month the arms and drill-room will l)e transferred to 
the second class, now become the first, who will in like manner drill daily at stated 
hours and be at all times ready for active service during the month. 

Arms and equipments will not be taken from the armory except for service. When 
the men are off duty, the arms and ecjuipments will be carefully storfid away in the 
armory, which will at all times be suitaljly guarded. 

Military treasurers of the State and counties will be appointed by the governor. 

Bv order of Brigadier-General Schofield: 
' . C. W. Marsh, 

Assistant Ad )uta id- General. 

[Ibid., pp. 518,519.] 

A few da^'s later, on Augii.st -i. 1862, General Orders, No. 23. were 
revoked and new regulations adopted. This was done in General 
Orders, No. 24, of which the following- is a copy: 

Gener.a^l Orders, \ Headquarters Missouri State Mii.itia, 

No. 24. j St. LovM, August 4, 1S6J. 

General Orders, Xo. 23, from these headquarters, dated July 28, 1862, is hereby 
revoked. 

All the loyal men of Missouri subject to military duty will be organized into com- 
panies, regiments, and brigades, as ordered in General Orders, Xo. 19, from these 
headquarters, dated July 22, 1862. 

All disloyal men and those who have at any time sympathized with the rebellion 
are recjuired to report at the nearest military post or other enrolling station, be 
enrolled, surrender their arms, and return to their homes or ordinary places of busi- 
ness, where they will be permitted to remain so long as they shall continue quietly 
attending to their ordinary and legitimate business and in no way give aid or com- 
fort to the enemy. Disloyal persons or sympathizers with the rebellion will not be 
organized into lomjianies nor required nor j>ermitted to do dutv in the ^lissouri 
Militia. 

Commanding officers of divisions will appoint enrolling officers and establish ren- 
dezvous at such places, in addition to the various military posts, as they may deem 
expedient. 

As far as practicable, the militia of each county will be organized separately, each 
citmpany being composed of men residing in the immediate vicinity of each other. 
The oniv exceptions will be the voluntarv organizations authorized bv General 
Orders, Xo. 20. 

The officers and en)ployees of all railroad and transportation companies will be 
organized into distinct corps, and will l)e emi)loyed as militia only in transporting 
troops and public property and in protecting their means of transportation. 

Militiamen employed in any manner l)y the Tnited States or State of Missouri, 



ENROLLED MISSOURI MILITIA. 



53 



or engaged in working npon contracts made with the United States or State of ^Mis- 
souri, for the supj>ly of any article requireil for the miUtary or naval service, will 
not, while so employed, be required to do any military duty except for the protec- 
tion, in case of necessity, of the public property where they are enipli^yed. 

Division commanders are authorized to call into active service, for the time being, 
such companies and regiments of the organized militia in their divisions as the exi- 
gencies of the service may require, and to provide for their maintenance while in 
active service. But no company will be kept continuously in active service for more 
than thirty days, except by orders from these headquarters or in cases of urgent 
necessity. It must be borne in mind that the main object of a general organization 
of the militia is for the protection of their homes, and that they are to be kept fi'om 
their ordinary business as little as possible. 

In calling the militia into active service care will be taken to leave sufficient force 
to protect the homes of those called out and to distribute the services as uniformly as 
possi])le. 

Every company of militia will have its place of rendezvous, which should be at 
a military post, if one is convenient; if not, then at a convenient town or general 
place of resort. 

The arms and equipments will be kept at the rendezvous, and always properly 
guarded by detail from the company. 

In case of alarm companies will ])e rallied at the rendezvous and act under their 
immediate commanders, as circumstances may require, for the protection of their 
immediate vicinity. 

In dangerous localities several companies or a regiment will have their rendezvous 
at the same place, and will keep it guarded by a company or more, as circumstances 
may require. 

On the 11th day of August, instant, each enrolling officer will proceed to ascertain 
and enroll the names of all men in his enrolling district who shall have failed to 
come forward and be enrolled as required, and report the same to the district com- 
mander. 

Bv order of Brigadier-General Schofield: 

C. W. INlARSH, 

Assistant Adjutant-General. 
[Ibid., pp. 534,535.] 

The loyal men of the State responded promptly to the call of the 
governor, and within thirty- days more than 20 regiments were formed 
in the city and county of St. Louis alone, numbering- upward of 17.000 
men. and at the close of the year 1S62, 69 regimental, 3 battalion, and 
58 independent company organizations had been formed, embracing an 
aggregate strength of 52,050 officers and enlisted men. 

The total strength of the Enrolled Missouri Militia, as tinally organ- 
ized, has not been discovered, but it has been ascertained from official 
sources of information that 85 regiments, 16 battalions, and 33 inde- 
pendent companies were formed, not including some organizations of 
Citizen Guards which had the status of Enrolled ^Missouri Militia, but 
which will l)e treated in this paper under their appropriate designations. 

The following statement of the Enrolled Missouri Militia in active 
service in 1864 is copied from the report of the adjutant-general of the 
State for that year (p. 38) : 









Districts. 








Aggre- 


! First. 


Second. 


Third. 


: Fourth. 


Fifth. 


Seventh. 


Eighth. 


gate. 


January 






1,799 I 

1,744 1 

1,235 

870 


. . . . , 


898 
877 




2.697 


Februarv 






2,621 
1,235 


March 








Ai)ril 












870 


Mav 








339 

936 

1,698 




339 


.Tune 








1.339 
1,774 
2,142 1 


\K 

45 




2. 275 


July 








3, 517 


August 






1,475 
1,306 
4, 495 
3,231 


3,662 
1,306 


September 








October 7, SlO 

November 


2, 329 
.■190 
1S4 


2, tiOii 


2,399 j 


374 

644 
438 


4, 1.51 
474 


24, 164 
4 939 


December 




248 


870 











54 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

It is pr()l)able that the foregoino- stiitement includes the organizations 
of Provisional Enrolled Missouri Militia hereafter to be referred to. 

It may be here stated that in November. 1862, an order was issued 
from State headquarters declaring- a penalty, including a line of $10, 
for failure to enroll for service in the militia. Following is a copy of 
the order: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters State of Missouri, 

> Adjutant-General's Office, 

No. 48. J St. Loni.% Xorembi'r 7, 1S62. 

******* 

II. Any person who has been notified to enroU and fails to comply with the order 
within the time specified by the brigadiei-genergil commanding the district shall be 
subject to a fine of SIO, to be assessed by the colonel of the regiment to which such 
Xierson should l)elong, subject, however, to the revision of the general commanding; 
and such offender shall be further liable to imprisonment until his fine is paid and 
he duly enrolled. 

By order of the Commander in Chief: 

Wm. D. \Vood, 
Acting Adjutant-General, Missouri. 

[Journal Missouri House of Representatives, adjourned session, 1863-64, Part I, 
Appendix, p. 214.] 

Early in February. 1863, to c[uote the annual report of the adjutant- 
general of the State for that year (p. 27), **it became evident that 
the crisis which called for the general arming of the people of the 
State had measural)ly passed away in consequence of the successes 
which had attended their efforts all over the State." and it was decided 
by the governor to begin the organization in the various military dis- 
tricts of a '•picked force of men, to be detailed from the different 
regiments for a more permanent service, and to consist of those who 
could the most easily be spared from their ordinary avocations, hav- 
ing but few if any others dependent upon their labor for support." 
The regiments organized under this plan were designated ''provisional 
regiments."" and have a history of their own. which will be given under 
the title, Provisional Enrolled Missouri ^Militia. 

It became evident to the State authorities that there was danger that 
the "rebel sympathizers"' in some portions of the State would form 
themselves into companies (Report of Adjutant-General of Missouri, 
1863, p. 29), and to prevent this the following order was issued: 

General Orders, ^ Headquarters State of Missouri, 

[■ Adjutant-General's Office, 

No. 7. J St. Louis, Fehrucirii 19, 1863. 

The orders heretofore issued for the enrollment of the militia of this State did not 
contemplate the enrolling of disloyal persons and their organization into companies 
indiscriminately with loyal citizens. It was specially rc(|uired that all disloyal men 
should be enrolled as such, but their organization into companies was strictly for- 
bidden. Some enrolling officers, however, allowed disloyal organizations to be per- 
fected, either througii neglect or disobedience of orders, and others are still in 
progress of organization. 

For the purpose, therefore, of si'parating ilisloyalists from Union men, and in order 
that proper measures of precaution may be taken to i)revent the arming of such as 
can not l)e trusted, it is hereby ordered that all coniniandants of regiments and bat- 
talions of enrolled militia report to the adjutant-general of the State, immediately 
on tiie receipt of this f)rder, such companies of tiieir commands of whicli all or any 
considerable portion of the men have l»een enrolled as disloyal, or are known to be so. 

All officers are strictly enjoined to see that no further organizations of this kind 
are made, and will report to their immediate commanders any which may be in 
progress of organization. 

I>y order of the Commander in Chief: 

William I). Wood. 

Acting Adjutant-Con'ral. 



ENROLLED MISSOURI MILITIA. 55 

It is evident that the immediate object of this order was to prevent 
the organization of disloyal men into companies of ProAisional Enrolled 
Missouri Militia, but as the order applied to the enrolled militia force 
in general, it is here quoted as a part of the histor}' of that force. 

One object of the organization of the provisional regiments was to 
reduce the calls upon the previously organized regiments of Enrolled 
Missouri Militia for active service, and this object appears to have 
been accomplished. But disorders continued to prevail, and on June 
28, 1864, Major-General Rosecrans, who had succeeded to the command 
of the Department of the Missouri, issued an order in which he called 
upon the people of the State, by public meetings and the selection of 
local committees, to choose and organize out of the enrolled State 
militia select companies to serve for the protection of their respective 
counties. This proposition on the part of the conmianding general 
was in conformity with an agreement with the governor of the State, 
and resulted in the organization of a number of independent compa- 
nies known as Provisional Companies, Enrolled Missouri Militia, the 
history of which will be given under its appropriate head. 

The Enrolled Missouri Militia maintained its organization as an 
embodied military force until March, 1865, though several regiments 
(the Twentj^-iifth, Thirty-ninth, Fortv-tirst, and Forty -eighth) were 
disbanded in 1863 pursuant to an order of which the following is a 
copy: 
General Orders, "| Headquarters State of Missouri, 

y Adjutant-General's Office, 

No. 30. J St.. Louis, November 1, ISGS. 

I. In consequence of an extraordinary reduction in numV)ers, from various causes, 
such as removals from the State, vohniteering in the United States service, and pay- 
ment of the commutation tax in Heu of miUtary service, the following regimental 
organizations of the Enrolled Missouri Militia are hereby disbanded, and the com- 
missions of their officers are, with the exception of the officers hereinafter named, 
revoked: 

Twenty-fifth Regiment P]. M. M. (Buchanan Countv), except Companies F and K. 

Thirty-ninth Regiment E. M. 31. (Platte County)/ 

Forty-first Regiment E. 31. 31. (Andrew County). 

Forty-eighth Regiment E. M. 31. (Clay and C'linton counties). 

And all officers of these regiments who have now in their possession any public 
property are directed to turn over such jiroperty to their district commander without 
dela}% taking duplicate receipts tlierefor in proper form. 

II. Colonels James H. 3Ioss. Forty-eighth Regiment E. 31. 31., and John Scott, 
Twenty-fifth Regiment E. 31. 31., are hereby retained in service and commission, 
and are instructed to reorganize the effective militia of Clay, Clinton, and Platte 
counties, and Buchanan and Andrew counties, respectively, forming the same into 
companies in compliance with the militia laws of the State and existing orders, and 
forwarding dulv certified muster-in rolls to the headquarters of the Seventh Military 
District, t. 31. 31., at St. Joseph. 

By order of the Commander in Chief: 

John B. Gray, Adjutant-General. 

[Journal 3Iissouri House of Representatives, adjourned session, 1863-64, Part I, 
Appendix, p. 447.] 

In 1865 a new militia law was enacted, in whit-h it was provided 
that all organizations of the Enrolled Missouri Militia should cease to 
exist on the expiration of thirty days after the appro\al of the act. 
This act, approved Februarv 10, 1865, contained the following: 

Sec. 26. All organizations of the "Enrolled 3Iissouri 3Iilitia" sliall cease to exist on 
the expiration of thirty ilays after the ajiproval of this act, and the commissions of 
all officers of the Enrolled 3Iissouri 3iilitia, including all commissions issued to 
l)ersons on the staff of the governor jirior to January 1, 1865, shall be deemed to 
be vacated on that day. 

[Animal Report Adjutant-General of 3Iissouri, 1865, p. 47.] 



50 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

Pursuant to this provision of law, an order was issued from head- 
quarters State of jSIissouri as follows: 

General Orders, "| HKADciUAHTicRs State of Missoi-ri, 

> Ad.u'tant-General's Office, 

No. 12. j - Jeffersun City, March 11, 1865. 

I. All regiments, companies, and detachments of the Enrolled Missouri Militia, 
including those companies organized under the provisions of General Ordei-s, Xo. 107, 
series of 1864, from head(|uarters l)e})artment of the Missouri, who are now in active 
service, are liereby relieved, to take effect from this date. Commanding officers of 
the above forces are hereby directed to cause to be made out prior to the 15th of 
April next complete muster and pay rolls for all service rendered under proper 
authority, where they have not already been made out and forwarded to this office. 

II. All officers of the I'nrolled Missouri IVIilitia who have in their possession pub- 
lic property belonging to the State or (ieneral Government are hereby directed to 
turn over the same to such officers as may be designated to receive it; and in order 
to facilitate this transfer, division commanders of the Missouri militia will instruct 
their district commanders to announce in general orders an officer to receive and 
receipt for the said property, designating the points wliere the same will be received. 
No officer accountable for public property will receive any payments until they have 
received from the quartermaster-general a certificate of their nonindebtedness to 
the State. It is therefore desired that they forward their returns at an early date, 
with a view to a prompt settlement of all accounts and claims growing out of the 
Enrolled Missouri Militia. 

By order of the Commander in Chief: 

Samuel P. Simpson, Adjutant-General. 
[Ibid., p. 43.] 

According to the report of the adjutant-general of the State for the 
year 18(55, the Enrolled Missouri Militia was disbanded March 12, 
1805, and the conunissions of all of its officers were vacated on that 
date. 

EQUIPMENT, SUBSISTENCE, PAY. 

The question as to the equipment and support of the EnroHed Mis- 
souri Militia was one that early claimed the attention of the authorities, 
both of the State and the United States. In the order. Xo. 19, of 
July 22, 1862, ((uoted above, directing the enrollment of the force, it 
was provided that every man should bring with him whatever arms 
he might have or could procure, and a good horse if he had one. It 
was also announced that all arms and annnunition, of whatever kind 
and whei'cver found, not in the hands of the loyal militia, would be 
taken possession of by the militia and used for the public defense, and 
that those of the militia who had no arms and could not procure them 
m the manner indicated would be supplied as quickly as possible hy 
the Ordnance D(^partment— evidently 1)y the rnited States. 

In a telegram to the Secretary of War, dated fluly 20, 1S02, General 
Scholicld said: "I ciui not ])ossil)ly meet them [guerrilla bands] with- 
out calling out some of the newly enrolUnl. May I feed them when 1 
deem it absolutely neeessaiy?" To this inciuiry no answiM- has been 
found. 

On the same date, July 20, 1802, General Schotield addressed the 
General in Chief through his assistant adjutant-general: 

IlEAnQUARTERS St. LoUIS DISTRICT, 

St. Louis, 3ro., Jul, I 36, 1S62. 

Col. .). C. K ELTON, 

Amstant AiJjutanl-Genernl, W<i!^}unf)ton, 1). C. 
Colonel: 

******* 

I i)roi>ose ti) make tlie militia force thus organized self-sustaining, the expenses of 
those at any time in active service l)eing paid by those who are exempted. I shall 
want arms and ainnmnition onlv fnmi tlie T'nitcd States. 



FNROLLED MISSOURI MILITIA, 57 

It would, however, greatly aid me could I be authorized to issue su])8istence for a 
short time, and when necessary only, until the organization should be perfected. I 
must use at once some of this force, and it is difficult to do so without fui'nishing 
subsistence in certain cases. 

There are in the arsenal about 29,000 altered smooth-bore muskets not needed for 
general issue. I respectfully request that Colonel Callender be authorized to issue 
these arms and such others captured in Missouri as may be lit for service, and the 
necessary ammunition, upon my orders. 

I am, colonel, very respectfully, your ol)edient servant, 

J. INI. ScHOFiELD, Brigadier-General. 

[Official Eecords of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XIII, pp. 
513, 514.] 

To this letter General Halleck replied, July 30, 1862: 

War Department, 

Waslihigton, July 30, 1862. 
General Schofield, St. Louis, Mo.: 

Colonel Callender is authorized to issue such captured arms as he can spare to the 
militia called into service. I think they should be subsisted by requisitions on rebel 
sympathizers and the seizure of property of rebels in arms. 

H. W. Halleck, General in Chief. 
[Ibid., p. 522.] 

On August 12, 1862, General Schofield, in his capacity as the rep- 
resentative of the United States in command of the military District 
of Missouri, issued a oeneral order announcing that during active 
operations in the pursuit of guerrillas the troops of his command, 
including the Enrolled Missouri Militia, would, as far as possible, be 
subsisted upon the enemy and those who had given aid to the rebellion, 
such necessary subsistence for the militia as could not be obtained 
from the country to be furnished by the commissary-general of the 
State, Following is a copj^ of the order: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters District of Missouri, 

No. 9. i St: Louis, August 12, 1862. 

1. During active operations in the field in pursuit of guerrillas, the troops of this 
command will not )je incumbered with transportation of supplies, but will, as far as 
possible, ol)tain subsistence from the enemy and those who aid and encourage the 
rebellion. 

Property taken for the use of the troops will be properly accounted for, and nothing 
will be wantonly destroyed or wasted. 

The Enrolled jNIiliiia, when in active service, will be subsisted in like manner. 
Such necessary subsistence stores as can not be obtained from the country will be 
furnished by the commissary -general of the State. 

Whenever it becomes necessary to use the property of the loyal people, vouchers 
will be given in due form, which vouchers will constitute claims against the State, 
to be settled at some future day. 

* -y- •»:- ■::• * * «• 

By order of Brigadier-General Schofield: C. W. Marsh, 

Assistant A djutant- General. 

[Book No. 580, Department of the INIissouri, p. 49.] 

On August 29, 1862, the governor of the State issued an order relative 
to the subsistence of the troops, as follows: 
General Orders, "| Headquarters State of Missouri, 

y Adjutant-General's Office, 

No. 38. j St. Louis, August 29, 1862. 

1. The quartermaster-general will supply the commands of the enrolled militia, 
called into active service and performing duty with rations of hard bread, coffee, 
sugar, and salt. Subsistence re(iuired in addition to these articles will be taken from 
disloyal citizens. 

* * * * * * * 

By order of the Commander in Chief: W>i. D. Wood, 

Acting Adjidant-fieneral. 
[Journal ^lissouri House of Representatives, adjourned session, 1863-64, Part I, 
Appendix, p. 88.] 



58 MlririOURI IKOOPS— UNION. 

Disorders having resulted from the execution of General Orders, 
No. y, from headquarters District of Missouri, the following- order 
for their suppression was issued: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters District of Missouri, 

No. 23. / St. Louh, September ^^, 1862. 

I. The general commanding has learned, with niiic-h regret, that in various parta 
of the State, under jiretense of carrying out General Orders, No. 9, from these head- 
quarters, dated August 12, 1SB2, there has l)een perpetrated pillage and marauding 
of tile most unsoldierlike and disrejiutalile cluiracter. 

The order in question was carefully drawn, and the general commanding is no less 
surprised than mortilied to find that it should be either innocently misunderstood 
or wantonly perverted. The first paragraph provides, in language sedulously guarded, 
that "during active oiierations in the field in jiursuit of guerrillas, the troops of this 
command will not be incumbered with transportation of supplies, but will, as far as 
practicable, obtain subsistence from the enemy and those who aid and encourage 
the rebellion. Property taken for the use of troops will be properly accounted for, 
and nothing will be wantonly destroyed or wasted. The Enrolled ^lilitia, when in 
active service, will be subsisted in like manner. Such necessary subsistence stores 
as can not be obtained from the country will be furnished by the commissary -general 
of the State. Whenever it becomes necessary to use the propei'ty of the loyal people, 
vouchers will be given in due form, which vouchers will constitute claims against 
the State, to be settled at some future day." 

It must strike all with astonishment that the Enrolled ^lilitia of the State not in 
active service nor in pursuit of guerrillas should, in some cases, have quartere<l 
themselves on unoffending citizens, and in others should have taken from their farms 
provisions and supplies. But it is still more surprising and alarming that in other 
cases houses have been entered and articles taken not proper for the subsistence of 
the ariny, and by no construction to be brought within the terms of the order. 

Conduct of this nature is eminently calculated to demoralize all who are parties to 
it and to aggravate calamities which need no additional 1)itterness. The widest pos- 
sible distinction should be made, both for the sake of justice and policy, between 
peaceful citizens and disturbers of the puljlic peace. 

So far as the troops of this command are concerned (including the Enrolled Militia 
of the State), all citizens remaining quietly at home, in pursuit of their ordinary avo- 
cations, are entitled to the protection of the law. Nothing is liable to greater abuse 
than to permit soldiers in the field, or in camp, upon the mere surmise of disloyalty, 
to treat as guilty a citizen who is peacefully attending to his ])usiness. Any charge 
of improper conduct on the part of such a person will very properly be reported to 
the United States attorney for investigation; and if he ])e found guilty, }mnishment 
will follow; ])ut in advance of such conviction, such citizens are to be treated as 
innocent. 

II. The Enrolled ^lilitia of the State can only be called into active service by the 
express orders of the division commanders, as provided by (Tcneral Orders, No. 24, 
from head(|uarters Mis.*oin-i State Militia, dated August 4, 18fi2. After being thus 
called into active service they may, when engaged in active operations in the field 
in pursuit of guerrillas, subsist on the country; but these are the only circumstances 
under which this permission is given. This departure from military rules is justified 
only l)y military necessity, and is strictly commensurate with it. No such necessity 
can be pleaded, except when rapid movement of a command is the essential condi-. 
tion of nulitary success. 

In no case will General Orders, No. 9, justify the taking of anything but supplies 
for the subsistence of the forces in the field, and whenever the owner can be found 
a full descrii)tive list and recei|)t will be given him, signed by the officer in command 
of the detachment making the requisition. 
Bv order of l>rigadier-General Schofield: 

C. W. Marsh, 
Assista))t AdjuUint-GeiH'raJ . 
[Book No. 580, Department of the Missouri, p. 55.] 

On October 12, 1862, Maj. Gen. Sanuiel R. Curtis, who had been 
assigned to the eonnnandof the Department of the Missouri, addressed 
a lett(M- to the General in Gliief iclative to the subsistence of the militia, 
in which he also recjiiested authority to issue blankets and clothing to 
the iiiilitia in active, service. In this lettci- he .said: 



ENEOLLED MISSOURr MILITIA. 59 

Headquarters Departjiext of the Missouri, 

St. Louis, Mo., October 1^, 1862. 
Maj. Gen. H. W. Halleck, 

General In Chief. 
General: Many of the Enrolled Militia of this State have been and are in actnal 
service. They have been called ont for stated periods, say thirty days. Heretofore 
they have had half rations fni-nished by the Government, and I have ordered fnll 
rations when they seem to need and deserve them. There are many of them doing 
good service, and very mnch need blankets and clothing. A month or two's service 
would be worth a suit of clothes. There is a large quantity of gray clothing here 
that can l)e colored; also a tiuantity of condennied clothing. I reconnnend the issue 
of such damaged clothing to these troops that have served a month and are again 
on duty to serve thirty days at my discretion. I would in such discretion furnish 
the most needy and deserving. I submit the matter for your consideration. I have 
avoided making any call myself for militia; but they were called before I took this 
command, and they are many of them so useful they can not be immediately dis- 
pensed with. They have been called out by the governor or some of the local 
militia commanders according to orders from General Schofield, with a kind of under- 
standing they are not to be paid, and as far as possible are to be maintained at the 
expense of the disloyal neighlxirs. The general plan seems to work well, but thei'e 
are a great many i3oor men in this kind of service very willing to work for nothing 
who have not the clothes to work with. 

*****■){■* 

I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

Saml. R. Curtis, 

Major-Gene7'al. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XIII, pp. 
729, 730.] 

The Secretary of War declined to sanction the issue of clothing- 
recommended by General Curtis. This decision was communicated in 
a letter from the General in Chief of which the followino- is a copy: 

WASHiNCiTON, D. C, October S5, 1862. 
Major-General Curtis, 

Commanding, etc., St. Louis, Mo. 
General: Your communication of October 12, in relation to the issue of clothing 
to the militia of Missouri called into service for one month, has been submitted to 
the Quartermaster-General and to the Secretary of War. 

1 am directed by the General in Chief to say that the Secretary of War "declines to 
direct the issue asked for." Clothing Avill not be issued by the United States to troops 
called into service for only one month. 

Very respectfully, general, your obedient servant, 

J. C. Kelton, 
Assistant Adjutant-General. 
[Ibid., p. 763.] 

Under date of Januar}^ 9, 1863, an order was issued by General 
Curtis, pursuant to authority from the Secretary of AVar, in which it 
was announced that, when in actual service, the Enrolled Missouri 
Militia would be entitled to draw forage and subsistence, and to be 
furnished transportation by the United States. Following is a copy 
of the order: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Department op the Missouri, 

No. 4. ) St. Louis, Mo., Januari/ 9, 1863. 

Pursuant to authority of the Secretary of War, the Enrolled INIissouri ^Militia will 
be entitled to draw forage and subsistence, and to be furnished transportation, when 
in actual servii-e, upon re<iuisitions properly ajjproved ])y the United States officer 
commanding the district in which they may be serving." But sucli militia will in 
no case be considered in actual service except when called out by the governor of 
the State, or a commander oi a district, and only while they are retained in service 
by such commander. 

Bv conunand of ^lajor-General Curtis: 

H. Z. Curtis, 
Assistant AOjutant-Geniral. 



60 MISSOUBI TROOPS UNION. 

' Predicated upon the foregoing order, the following was issued from 
State headquarters: 

Special Okder.s, "j HEArxuARTEHs State of Mis80uki, 

> Al).irTANT-(TEXERAI.'S OFFICE, 

No. 4. J ,V/. Louis, Jamumi 13, 1863. 

I. Provision haviiiir been made by the I'nited States authorities for tlie supply of 
subsistence antl forage to tlie Enrolled Militia of Missouri when in active service, you 
are therefore ordered to suspend at once all assessments made within the limits of 
your comman<l for the support of the enrolled militia. 

II. The P'.nrolled Missouri ^lilitia, when in actual service l)y order of competent 
authority, will draw their supjilies from the nearest United States post. 

By order of the Commander in Chief: 

Wm. D. Wood, Acting Adjutant-General. 

[Annual Report Adjutant-General of ^Missouri, 186;-{, p. 23.] 

In June, 1S63, authority was given b}' the Secretary of War for the 
issue of clothing, camp and garrison equipage, and medical supplies 
to the militia in active service, under the coiumand of the conmianding 
general. Department of the Missouri, and on the Tth of June an order 
was issued by General Sehotiekl, who had succeeded to the command 
of the department, as follows: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

No. 47. i -S7. Louis, June 7, 1863. 

I. Authority having been given by the War Department to furnish clothing, camp 
and garrison equipage, and medical supplies to the Enrolled ^Missouri ^Militia in con- 
tinuous active service under the command of the commanding general of the depart- 
ment, requisitions will be made in due form by the jirojier ofhcers for such of the 
above-named supjjlies as are required by the eight jirovisional regiments now in 
service. These requisitions will be based upon the number of men now actually in 
service and will bear the certificate of the regimental commander to their correctness 
and be approved by the commander of the district in which they are serving. The 
requisitions so certified to and approved Avill be forwarded to these headquai-ters 
W'ithout delay. 

Officers of "the enrolled militia desiring to draw subsistence for their men must cer- 
tify upon their provision returns that the troops returne<l for are in actual service 
and that all the men returned for are actually present for duty. 

The Unite<l States officers in command of each district will inform the commis- 
saries in their districts of the regiments and companies of enrolled militia that are in 
service, the number of men for duty, and to whom they may issue I'ations Avithout 
referring the returns to the district commander. Commissaries will report to the chief 
commissary of the department any ofticers whom they have reason to believe return 
for more men than are actually in service and present for duty at the time the return 
is made. 

Regimental quartermasters should draw the subsistence for their regiments upon 
consolidated provision returns and distribute them to their companies. 

J: -X- * * * * * 

By command of ^Major-General Schotield: 

A. V. COLHURX, 

As.s\stant Adjutant-General. 

On September 26, 1864, Major-General Rosecrans, then command- 
ing the Departiuent of the Missouri, issued an address to "Missour- 
ians," api)ealing to them to rally in the defense of the State against 
the invading army of General Price. I>i this order he said, with refer- 
enc-c to the equipment and subsistence of the militia: 

General Orders, \ Headqu.\rters Department of the jNIissouri, 

No. 176. i St. Lomi^, Mo., September 26, 1864. 

Missouriatis: 

****** * 

V. The governor of the State has Ijeen informed of the threatened raid and 
requested to call the militia to serve until the invaders are destroyed or driven from 



ENEOLLED MISSOURI MILITIA. 61 

the State. I rely upon their courage and patriotism, and have only to say: Let your 
assembling be prompt, and let the commissioned officers see that proper steps are 
at once taken to secure for their commands all needful supplies of arms, equipments, 
ammunition, camp and garrison ecjuipage, and blankets. 

Brig. Gen. E. Anson More, chief (juartermaster of the State, will furnish these 
supplies on requisitions made according to his instructions. 

The chief commissary of the department will furnish subsistence. 
* * ***** 

By command of ^lajor-General Rosecrans: 

J. F. Bennett, 
Assixtant Adjutant-General. 

One method adopted by General Scholield for the support of the 
Enrolled Missouri Militia was the assessment of ""the secessionists and 
Southern sympathizers in St. Louis County." For the purpose of 
carrying this project into etfect he appointed a board of citizens. 
This was done in Special Orders. No. 'Jl. headquarters District of 
Missouri, August 28, 1862, of which the following is an extract: 

Special Orders, \ Headquarters District of Missouri, 

No. 91. j St. Louis, Augud -^8, 1862. 

******* 

III. The following-named gentlemen are hereby appointetl a county board for St. 
Louis County, viz: Messrs. Henry ^loore, John Cavender, G. F. Filley, Charles 
Borg, and Ferdinand Meyer. 

This board will assess and collect without unnecessary delay the sum of 8500,000 
from the secessionists and Southern sympathizers in St. Louis Ci)unty. 

The money thus olitained will be used in subsisting, clothing, and arming the 
enrolled militia while in active service, and in providing for the support of such 
families of militiamen and United States volunteers as may 1 »e left destitute. 

******* 

Bv order of Brigadier-General Schofield: 

C. W. Marsh, 
Assistant A(ljutant-(ieneral. 
[Book No. 580, Department of the Missouri, p. 69.] 

On Augiist 30, 1862, three additional members of the ))oard were 
appointed and one of the original members was relieved. This was 
done in Special Orders, No. 91, as follows: 

Special Orders, \ Headquarters District of Missouri, 

No. 94. i St. Louis, August 30, 1862. 

The following gentlemen are hereby appointed additional members of the St. Louis 
Comity board, appointed by Special Orders, No. 91, from these headijuarters, dated 
August 28, 1862, viz: Col. John O'Fallon, Mr. Daniel Garrison, and Mr. James S. 
Thomas. 

Mr. John Cavender, being president of the committee charged with the disburse- 
ment of the fund for the relief of soldiers' families, is hereby relieved from serving 
as a member of the county board. 

Bv order of Brigadier-General Schofield: 

C. W. Marsh, 
Assistant Adjutant- General. 
[Ibid., p. 73.] 

Commissioners were appointed for the same purpose in the Central 
District of Missouri. The first announcement on the subject l)y the 
commanding general of that district was as follows: 

Special Orders, \ Headquarters Central District of Missouri, 

No. 3. t Jefferson City, September 29, 1862. 

I. A large proportion of the wealth of the country is in the hands of disloyal inhab- 
itants, who have no articles in kind required for the sul)sistence of troops, whereby 
they have hitherto escaped l)earing a reasonable share of the burdens imposed upon 
the disloyalists of the county. For the purpose of equalizing sui'h burdens as near 
as may be, an assessment of §5,000 is hereby levied upon the ilisloyal inhabitants of 



62 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

Jefferson City, whereof the sum of $3,000 will be applied to snbsistinj; the Enrolled 
INIilitia whilst engaged in actual service, and the remaining $2,000 is appropriated to 
the relief of the destitute families of the soldiers engaged in actual service and to 
relieve temporarily destitute refugees who have been driven from their homes by 
rebels or guerrillas. 

II. Dr. William A. Curry, Dr. Bernard Bruns, ]'. T. :\riller, esq.. Col. Allen P. 
Richardson, and T. W. Cloney, esq., are hereby appointed comnnssioners to assess, 
levy, and collect said sum of monej'. They will determine the ])ersons upon whom 
the levy shall be made and the amount thereof that each shall jiay. 

III. iSaid commissioners will at once proceed to determine who shall pay said 
assessment, and to fix the amoinit to be paid by each. As soon as this is done thej'' 
will cause notices to be served uj)on said jiersons, notifying tliem of said assessment, 
and the amount thereof, which they are respectively required to pay, and requiring 
them to pay the .same within ten days from the date of the service of the order. 

IV. Should any person after being so iKjtified fail, neglect, or refuse to pay the 
amount so assessed and required to be paid by him for ten days, he will be arrested 
and held in close custody, and the provost-marshal will at once seize sufhcient of the 
personal property of such person to jiay said assessment, and advertise and sell the 
same without delay, the sale to be in some public place, to the highest bidder for cash, 
and to be made between the hours of 9 o'clock in the forenoon and 5 o'clock in the 
afternoon. 

V. The money collected for the subsistence of the militia will be paid out by the 
commissioners, from time to time, as it is collected, on the orders of the quartermas- 
ter and commissary for the Enrolled Militia at this place, who is hereby required to 
account on his m<_)nthly statements and quarterly returns for all supplies paid for by 
this fund. 

VI. The money collected for the destitute families and refugees will be paid out on 
the orders of Dr. A. Peabody or Mrs. A. P. Richardson, ]Mrs. T. L. Crawford, or of 
any two of them, they being hereby ajipointed a board to distribute the same. 

VII. This assessment may be paid in such articles as would be bought with the 
money, provided the same will be delivered at cash prices, as required, and at such 
places as may be designated. 

Ben. Lo.vx, 
Brigndler-General, Mmouri State Militia. 

[Otiicial Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XIII, p. 691.] 

Similar orders were published relative to the appointment of com- 
mi.ssioner.s for other localities within the Central District. 

The connnandino- general of the District of Northeast Missouri also 
a))pointed connnissioners for the purpose of niaking assessments for 
the support of the '" loyal militia/' Following is a cop}" of his order 
on this subject: 

Gen'er.\l Ordkks, \ Hk.vdquarters District Northeast Mis.sorRi, 

No. 3. ) Macon Citij, Mo., Octotin- .^, ISS'ri. 

It is only connnon justice, if the loyal men of INIissouri are recpiired to take up 
arms to i)reserve the peace of the State, that the disloyal, who «'an not be trusted 
with the ))ul)lic safety, and the sennloyal, who have enrolled as loyal, but neglect or 
fail in tlicir duty, should bear their fair share of the burden l)y subsisting and, when 
necessary, mounting the nnlitia in active servii'e. In order that this may be done 
systematically and work equal justice to all who are recjuired to contribute, a com- 
mittee of honest citizens will be apjKiinted in each county, whose duty it shall be to 
levy an assessment for the sustenam-e of the loyal militia. These connnittees will 
be governed l)y the following regulations: 

I. The assessment will be levied in money and jiaid in either money or ])roduce, 
as the contril)utor may elect. In case it is i)aid in money it will lie jiaid into the 
hands of the committee and by them turned over to the local commissary, by whom 
it will be exi)eudi'(l in piu-chasing in the open market the subsistiMice retiuired for 
the use of the trooi)s; win'U it is ])aid in ])roduce it nnist be in such kind of jiroduce 
as is ordered, and the amount must eciual in money value at market rates the amount 
of iiioney levied. 

II. The amount assessed by the committee will be in })roportion to the wealth of 
the persons assessed, and the standard for the estimate of wealth will' be the last 
valuation made by proper State otlicers. 

III. The i)ayiiient of assessments in produce will be made by delivery of the arti- 
cles to the local commissary, and his receipt to the individual will be submitted to 
the conniiittee, to be entered on their books, and no payment of an assessment will 



ENROLLED MISSOURI MILITIA. 63 

be complete until the receipt has been so entered and countersigned by a member of 
the committee. 

IV. No articles of produce will be accepted in payment of an assessment except 
meat, breadstuffs, and forage, and no money paid for an assessment must be expended 
except for meat and breadstuffs and cooking utensils for the use of troops. 

V. Tlie following jjcrsons will l)e subject to assessment: First, all persons who 
have enrolled themsehes as disloyal or in sympathy with the rebellion; second, all 
persons who have failed or neglected to enroll, whether loyal or disloyal; tliird, all 
persons M'ho have enrolled as loyal or who are or have been notoriously disloyal, and 
who have done no acts or used their influence to show their loyalty. 

YI. Property of widows or orphan children less in value tlian $5,000 will not be 
assessed unless they have given aid or comfort to guerrillas; in that case it will l)e 
included in the assessment. 

VII. The committee will keep a regular set of 1)Ooks, in which the names and resi- 
dences of the individuals assessed will be entered, together with the estimated value 
of their possessions and the money value of the amount levied, together with the 
dates and amounts of the payments thereon. iSubstance taken for the subsistence of 
troops since the 1st of August last will, upon due proof thereof being made to the 
committee of the fact and of its market value, be credited to the account of the person 
from whom it was taken in making up the account of his payment. 

VIII. When an assessment is made and payment refused or neglected, after due 
notice, the committee will notify the military commander of the fact, who will cause 
property to four times the amount of the levy to be seized from the delinquent and 
publicly sold to pay the amount. 

IX. Notice of assessment will be made as follow's: To persons living 5 miles and 
less from the point at which the payment must be made four days' notice, and one 
day longer notice for every additional 8 miles of travel necessary to make delivery 
of the amount le^•ied. In extrenie cases, of which the committee must be the judges, 
shorter notice, at their discretion, may be given, allowing, however, a reasonable 
time for the delivery. 

X. Each member of the committee will take the following oath before entering 
upon the discharge of his duties: 

I, , do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully and honestly 

discharge my duty as a member of the assessment committee, constituted by General 
Orders, No. — , Headquarters Northeast Missouri District, in accordance 'with the 
rules therein laid down, to the best of my ability. So help me God. 

XI. Each local connnissary will take the following oath before entering upon the 
discharge of his duties: 

I, , do solemnly swear that I will honestly and faithfully discharge 

the duties of commissary for the Enrolled Militia; that 1 will honestly "expend the 
moneys which may come into my hands from the assessment committee in the man- 
ner and for the purpose indicated in General Orders, No. — , Headquarters North- 
east Missouri District, and that I will not have any pecuniary or other interest in any 
purchase which I may so make. So help me God. 

XII. When horses are necessary to mount the local militia they will be obtained 
by requisition upon the county committee, who [will] direct them to be furnished liy 
those subject to assessment who can best spare them, taking care to avoid stripi)in'g 
a farm entirely or seriously crippling its means of cultivation. These horses will Ije 
receipted for by the connnittee and to them by the militiamen to whom they are 
issued, Avho will be held responsible for their return and careful usage. In case they 
are unavoidably lost or killed in action, of which there must be" some proof, the 
value will be paid the owner by a general assessment upon those required to furnish 
horses. Horses so taken will be returned to their owners as soon as the necessity for 
their use is past. In no case M'ill horses be taken to mount a militiaman who can 
mount himself, unless by so doing he would entirely strip his own farm. 

By command of Brigadier-General Merrill: 

Geo. M. Houston, 
Major and Assistant Adjutant- General. 
[Ibid., pp. 704, 705.] 

On September 1. 1S62, immediatel}' after the orgaiiization of the 
St. Louis board of assessment, the governor of the State addressed 
the l)anks and banking- institutions of the city of St. Louis, as follows: 

Headqi-akters MissoiRi State Militia, 

,St. Louis, September 1, 1862. 
Sir: The State requires the sum of $150,000 to purchase arms for the militia, and 
as you have seen from an order of General Schofleld, it is intended to raise the 
money by assessments upon those who are the known enemies of the Government. 



-6-4 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

In the meantime it is necessary to have the money for the above purpose imme- 
diately, an<l I liave caused the sum to be divided among the banks of the city in 
proportion to their capital. In such distribution I have to request that you will 

make provision for !? , so that the State can have the use of it until sufficient 

money sliall he collected by the assessments, out of the tirstof which the money now 
asked will )>e repaid. 

Your obedient servant, H. R. Gamble. 

[Journal ^Missouri House of Representatives, adjourned session, 1863-64, Part I, 
Appendix, p. 354.] 

The mone3% $150,000, asked for ))y Governor Gamble was proniptl}^ 
advanced and was expended in the State service, but the authoritv for 
or the expediency of the proposed assessment having- been called in 
question, the governor, on December 2, 1862, addressed the lianks 
from whom advances had been received, as follows: 

St. Louis, December 2, 1862. 

Sir: I appealed some time since to the different banks and banking institutions of 
the city for an advance of the sum of $!b50,000 for the purpose of arming the enrolled 
militia of the State, the advance to be refunded out of the proceeds of an assessment 
then recently ordered by General Schotield. 

The banks with commendable promptness made the advance. 

My present object is to know whether the institutions will release the security 
afforded by the assessment, and rely ui)on the State for the repayment of the money 
which has been expended in its service. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. R. G.^mble, 

Governor of Missouri. 

[Ibid., p. 354.] 

To this letter the banking institutions replied in form as follows: 

St. Louis, December 4, 1862. 
Hon. H. R. Gamble, 

Governor of Missoxiri. 
Dear Sir: Understanding from your communication of 2d instant that it is desired 
that the assessment should be dispensed with, I am authorized to say that if sut-h 

should be the case, the will, waive any claim we may have on the 

funds v.hich would have been collected from that source. 

Respectfully, etc., . 

[Ibid., p. 355.] 

Under date of December 5, 1862, General Schotield, in answer to a 
connnunication from the president of the assessment board, stated that 
in the matter of the proposed assessment he had acted upon his own 
responsibility as an otiicer of the United States and not under the 
orders of the governor of Mis.souri, though the measure had the 
approval of that official. Following is a cop}' of General SchotieWs 
letter: 

St. Louis, Mo., December 5, 1862. 
James S. Thomas, Esq., 

President »S?. Louis County Board. 

Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the receij)t of your comnmnication of the 
3d instant, in which you request me to answer, for the information of the county 
l)oard, the following (|U('stions touching S]>ecial Orders No. 91, issued by me, and 
under which your l)oard is now acting: 

First. Is it ordered under the authority or approval of Hamilton R. Gamble as 
governor of the State of Missouri? 

Second. Is it an order of your own as commander of the State troops of Missouri, 
or as commaniler of the militia enrolled under tlic order of the governor? 

Third. Is it an order of your own as t-ommandcr of the military District of Mis- 
souri; and if so, is it recognized by tiie War I)t'i)artment? 

Tlu'sc (jucstions can doulitlcss be most satisfactorily answered by a brief reference 
to the military condition of ^lissouri at and almut the time the order was issued, and 
to the position occupied by myself at that time. By appointment from the major- 
general commanding the De])artment of the Mississippi, 1 was commander of the 



ENKOLLED MISSOURI MILITIA. 65 

military District of Missouri, and as such, acted purely under the authority of the 
United States. I was placed here for a certain definite purpose, which may be 
brietly stated — to restore the authority of the United States throughout the State of 
Missiuiri and to restore and preserve the peace of the State. To enable me to accom- 
plish this, there was placed at my disposal a certain military force, composed of 
United States Vohuiteers and the State militia raised for this special service, under 
an agreement between the governor of Missouri and the President of the United 
States. 

For a time this force seemed quite sufficient for the purpose, but soon military 
operations in Arkansas and Tennessee rendered necessary the withdrawal from Mis- 
souri of a large portion of the troops originally assigned to my command. 

Soon after this, in pursuance of a plan of the rebel government, large numbers of 
rebel troops from Missouri were sent back into the State with commissions to recruit 
and organize troops for the Southern army. Some of these returned rebels succeeded 
in passing secretly through our lines, others were arrested, and others gave them- 
selves up and took the requirefl oath and parole, professing their desire to return to 
their allegiance. These emissaries from the rebel government spread themselves 
over the State, and secretly enlisted, organized, and officered a very large number of 
men; places of rendezvous were designated, and all were ordered to hold themselves 
in readiness to asseml)le when the signal should be given. Their plan was to main- 
tain their ground in Missouri, if possible, and if not, to make the best of their way 
into Arkansas. They were promised, and to some extent received, cooperation from 
the enemy's forces in the latter State. So extensive was their organization that not- 
withstanding the discovery and partial prostration of the scheme, not less than 
10,000 guerrillas were at one time in arms in Missouri. Aware of the impending 
danger, I called upon the United States (irovernment for more troops. The reply was 
that not a single regiment could be furnished. There was nothing left, then, but to 
call forth the latent power of the State to save her from the horrors of guerrilla war, 
and to preserve the authority of the United States Avithin lier borders. I therefore 
availed myself of my position as brigadier-general of the Missouri militia, and called 
upon the CJovernment for authority to enroll and organize all the militia of the State 
and to call into active service such force as I might deem necessary. This authority 
was readily granted, and the work immediately commenced. With the immense 
difficulties which lay in the way of its successful prosecution, arising from the appre- 
hension and distrust excited in the minds of the people, both loyal and disloyal, and 
the doubts existing in the minds of many of the success of so great an experiment, 
tried for the first time in the country, your board are, perhaps, as familiar as myself. 
Its final triumph and happy results are known to every one in Missouri. 

Not the least of the ditficulties to be overcome was to provide the means for arming 
and subsisting this force. Some arms were furnished by the United States, but soon 
this source failed. Subsistence was entirely denied. I was therefore again thrown 
upon my own resources to provide the means for performing the duty assigned me by 
the Government, viz, ' ' to take care of Missouri. ' ' Under these circumstances I deter- 
mined that those who, by their open or secret aid and encouragement to the rebellion, 
had brought upon the State so great a calamity should bear the extraordinary expense 
necessary to bring back a state of peace and prosperity, and at the same time be 
made to realize that such crimes could not be committed with impunity. The mode 
of accomplishing this was a matter for careful consideration, particularly whether it 
should be done under State or Federal authority. The money was to be chiefly used 
for the support of a State force, for whose maintenance the United States were in no 
way responsible and provided for by no law of Congress. The State was entirely 
without means to meet such expense, and I was so informed by the governor. On 
the other hand, this force was called into existence solely to enable me to discharge 
the important and difficult duty assigned me by the United States Government, and 
to enable me and my predecessors to accomplish which we had been entrusted with 
all the powers of martial law. There was manifestly no other law, either State or 
Federal, under which the monej^ required could l)e raised for the specific purpose, 
either by assessment of disloyal persons or otherwise, nor by which those guilty of 
aiding in bringing calamity upon the State could be made to feel the sting of just 
retribution before it shouUl be too late to produce good results. It \\as therefore 
manifest that the order should spring from United States authority, the source of 
martial law. Hence the order was issued from "Headquarters District of Missouri," 
and possessed whatever of force I could give it in my capacity as representative of 
the military power of the I'nited States in ^Missouri. 

The above is substantially an answer to all your questions. I acted in this, as in 
all other matters, upon my own responsibility as an officer of the United States, and 
not under the orders of the governor of Missouri. It was a matter with which the 

S. Doc. 412 5 



66 MTSSOUEI TROOPS UNION. 

governor had otiicially nothiiifj: to do, altliough he expressed unhesitatingly his 
approval of the measure, and proceeded at once tt) raise funds to meet the present 
necessities of the military service, pledging, as he was authorized by me to do, the 
money to be raised by assessment to meet tlie liabilities thus incurred. 

Your first question may therefore be Vjrielly answered thus: The order was issued 
not under the authmity l)ut with the apjiroval of the governor of Missouri. 

Your second (juestion is answered in the negative. 

In order that your third question may be fully answered, it is proper for me to 
state that no intimation of either ajiproval or disapproval of the measure has ever 
reached me from the War Department. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

J. M. SCHOFIELD, 

Brigadier-General. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XXII, Part 
I, pp. 810-812.] 

The enforoenient of the a.ssef^sment order by General SchoHeld cre- 
ated great di.s.satisfaction and serioii.s opposition. A memorial on the 
.subject addres.sed to the governor of the State wa.s '\)y him referred to 
^Major-General Curtis, commanding the Department of the ]Mi.ssouri, 
who, on December 9, lb;62, referred the matter to the General in Chief, 
with comments relative to the legality of the tax. Following is a copy 
of this communication: 

Heaixjuarters Department of the Missocri, 

St. Loui.% December 9, 18S2. 

I have carefully read this communication of the Rev. Dr. Eliot, and considered the 
grave questions involved. 

An order was issued by General Schofield, commanding the District of ^Missouri, 
to levy half a million of dollars from the "secessionists and Southern sympathizers of 
St. Louis County, for subsisting, clothing, and arming the enrolled militia while in 
active service and in providing for the support of such families of militiamen and 
United States ^"olunteers as may be left destitute." As the fund is only to a]iply to 
State troops and State paupers, I supposed the order was issued by General SchoAeld 
in his capacity of a State brigadier-general; l)ut the indorsement to me by the gov- 
ernor and the communication of General Schofield of the 5th instant, directed to the 
board of connnissioners, seem to invoke the responsibility of the United States as the 
sole author of this assessment. Before taking any step myself in this matter, I there- 
fore sul)niit certain legal (juestions w'hich arise in my mind to the consideration of 
the commanding general in chief: 

Can the United States levy and collect a special tax of this sort for a State purpose? 

Are the enrolled militia in "active service" a State or United States charge? 

Does not such direct tax by the United States contlict with the general diivct tax 
levied by Congress? 

Does it not conflict with the confiscation law? 

Does it not conflict with the Constitution in the mode and object of taxation and 
the right of the State to jirovide for its own militia? 

The right to meet a nrilitary necessity by forced laws or forced assessments I claim 
as a military necessity, but 1 do not perceive that such a necessity is presented now 
Avhere the order seems to apply. 

I have, therefore, to refer the matter to Maj. Gen. H. W. Halleck, whose deter- 
mination will be communicated to the reverend and very worthy author of this doc- 
ument and to his excellency the governor. 

Respectfully, Saml. R. Cvjitis, Major-General. 

[Ibid., pp. 802, 80.3.] 

On the following day, December 10, 1862, General Curtis addres.sed 
a letter to (lovernor (Jamble on the same subject, in which he said: 

IIeadqi'arters Department of the Missouri, 

.SV. Zon/.v, December 10, 1862. 
Gov. Hamilton R. Gamble, .SV. Louis, Mo. 

Sir: Your note of the 1st instant, on the subject of assessment, saying tiiat you 
inform gentlemen who come to you "that the assessment stands upon United States 
autliority, and not upon State authority," was duly received and carefully consid- 



ENROLLED MISSOURI MILITIA. 67 

ered. 1 have supposed it a State proceeding, and expressed my determination to 
support your officers in their efforts to execute your will, if found necessary. Since 
you and General Schotield regard it as an act of the United States, grave questions 
arise in my mind as to the harmony of my exercise of such powers in the face of the 
Constitution, the revenue laws, and the confiscation act. I have, therefore, referred 
the whole matter to headquarters, for the consideration of (ieneral Ilalleck, pending 
which the President has directed me to stay all further proi'eedings. 

I have the honor to be, governor, your excellency's obedient servant, 

S.\Mi.. R. Curtis, 
Ml tj<>r-( ieneral, Commanding Department of tlie Mmouri. 
[Ibid., p. SL'7.] 

The instructions of the President referred to in General Curtis's 
letter to Governor Gamble were as follows: 

ExECUTivK Mansion, 
Washington, December 10, 1862. 
Major-General Ctrtis, St. iMuis, Mo.: 

Please suspend, until further order, all proceedings on the order made by General 
Schofield, on the 28th day of August last, for assessing and collecting from secession- 
ists and Southern sympathizers the sum of $500,000, etc., and in the meantime make 
oiit and send me a statement of facts pertinent to the question, together with your 
opinion upon it. 

A. Lincoln. 
[Ibid., p. S26.] 

On December 30, 18()2, the Governor issued an order prohibiting 
the making of assessments by officers of the Enrolled Missouri Militia. 
This order reads as follows: 

General Orders, "| Headquarters State op Missouri, 

y Adjutant-General's Office, 

No. 50. j St. Louis, December 30, 1862. 

The impression seeming to exist among officers of the Enrolled Militia that the 
orders heretofore issued from district or department headquarters by United States 
officers, in regard to assessments, are to be executed by them, this order is pul>lished 
to correct any such impression and to prevent confusion. 

The Enrolled Militia are under the exclusive command of their own officers, except 
when they are by express orders placed under the command of United States officers, 
and they will be governed only by such orders as may be issued from these head- 
quarters. If, therefore, any officers of the Enrolled Militia are engaged in making 
assessments in pursuance of orders from United States commanders they will imme- 
diately suspend all action under said orders. 

No orders authorizing assessnjents have ever been issued from these head(iuarters, 
and none will, therefore, be made l)y the Enrolled Militia. 
By order of the Connnander in Chief: 

Wm. p. Wood, 
Acting Adjutnvt-< -I eneral . 

[Journal Missouri House of Representatives, adjourned session, 1863-64, Part I, 
Appendix, p. 100.] 

On the following day Governor Gamble advised the President of his 
action in a communication of which the following is a copy: 

Jeffer.son City, Mo., December 31, 1862. 
His Excellency Abraham Lincoln, 

President of the United States: 
I have stopped all assessments of Enrolled Militia. Please order by telegraph the 
suspension of all assessments by United States officers. Great distress is produced. 

H. R. Gamble, 
Governor of Missouri. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XXII, Part 
I, p. 888.1 



68 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

A few days later, on January 3, 1863, Brigadier-Grcneral Merrill, 
coniniandino- the District of Northeastern Missouri, instructed his sub- 
ordinates relative to assessments as follows: 

Circular.] Headquarters District of Northeastern Missouri, 

WarmitoU; Mo., Januanj 3, 1863. 

Gentlemen: I am directed by General Merrill to instruct you that no orders from 
any couipetent source have been given to stop the assessment in northern Missouri, 
and that no such order will be made at any future time, except it be l)y some 
authority of an officer superior to himself, and then it will be against his hearty pro- 
test. You will accordingly proceed with your work as rapidly as possible in order 
that the amounts assessed may be collected at once. Should any order stopjung the 
assessment be made ))y proper authority you will be at once notified. I am directed 
to state, in addition, that, in this matter, you are not under the control of any local 
military commanders, or subject to any orders, except those from General Merrill. 
Neither are you subject to any control from the governor or any otiitter of the 
Enrolled Militia of this State in regard to the matter. 

By order of Brigadier-General ]Merrill: 

Geo. M. Houston, 
Major and Assistant Adjnta)tt-General. 

[Ibid., Part II, p. 16.] 

On Januar}^ 5, 1863, the President addressed Major-General Curtis 
on the same subject in a letter of which the following- is a copy: 

Executive Mansion, 
Washington, January 6, 1863. 
Major-General Curtis. 

My Dear Sir: I am having a good deal of trouble with Missouri matters, and I 
now sit down to write you particularly about it. One class of friends believe in 
greater severity and another in greater leniency in regard to arrests, ])anishments, 
and assessments. As usual in such cases, each questions the other's motives. On 
the one hand, it is insisted that Governor Gamble's Unionism, at most, is not lietter 
than a secondary s])ring of action; that hunkerism and a wish for political influence 
stand before Unionism with him. On the other hand, it is urged that arrests, banish- 
ments, and assessments are made more for private malice, revenge, and pecuniary 
interest than for the public good. This morning I was told by a gentlemen, who I 
have no doubt believes what he says, that in one case of assessments for $10,000, the 
different persons who paid compared receipts, and found they had paid $30,000. If 
this be true, the inference is that the collecting agents pocketed the odd $20,000. 
And true or not in the instance, nothing but the sternest necessity can justify the 
making and maintaining of a system so liable to such abuses. Doubtless the neces- 
sity for the making of the system in Missouri did exist, and whether it continues for 
the maintenance of it is now a practical and very important question. Some days 
ago Governor Gamble telegraphed me, asking that' the assessments outside of St. 
Louis County might be suspended, as they already have been within it, and this 
morning all the members of Congress here from Missouri but one laid a paper before 
me asking the same thing. Now, my belief is that (Tovernor Gamble is an honest 
and true man, not less so than yourself; that you and he could confer together on 
this and other Missouri tjuestions, with great advantage to the public; that each 
knows something which the other does not, and that acting together you could about 
double your stock of i)ertinent information. ^lay I not hope that you and he will 
attempt this? I could at once safely do (or you could safely do without me) wliatever 
you and he agree upon. There is absolutely no reason why yon should not agree. 
Yours, as ever, 

A. Lincoln. 

[Ibid., pp. 17, 18.] 

On January 20, 1863, the Secretary of War advised General Curtis 
that the order suspendino- ''assessments for damao-es"' was not desig-ned 
to be limited to St. Louis. l)ut was meant to include all such assess- 
ments in the State of Missouri. Following- is a copy of his communi- 
cation: 



ENROLLED MISSOURI MILITIA. 69 

War Department, 
Washington, January 20, 1863. 
Major- General Curtis, St. Louis, Mo.: 

The order suspending; for the present any further action upon assessments for dam- 
ages was not designed to be hniited to St. Louis, but was meant to incUide all such 
assessments in the State of ^Missouri. You will, therefore, suspend them until 
further instructions. 

Edwin M. Stanton, 

Secretary of War. 
[Ibid., p. 6-i.] 

And on the same day Brigadier-General Merrill, whose order of 
January 3, 1868, is quoted above, issued the following- circular, copies 
of which were addressed to his subordinate commanders: 

Circular.] Headquarters District ok Northeastern Missouri, 

]]'arreritoii, Mo., January ^0, 1863. 
Gentlemen: You will not, for the present, continue the collection of any assess- 
ments you have made. It is hoped that the proper knowledge of this matter on the 
part of the President will soon permit the resumption of your work, which for the 
present, on account of strong opposition made to it by your representatives in Con- 
gress and the President, must be suspended. It would be well to let your repre- 
sentatives have a knowledge of your feelings on the sul)ject, as they are now work- 
ing against it with such force as makes it advisable to bend to the pressure for a 
little while, for fear of a Presidential order revoking the whole thing. 
With much respect, your obedient servant, 

Lewis Merrill, 
Brigadier-General, Commanding Di.'>trict of Northeastern Missouri. 

[Ibid., p. 64.] 

It is possible that some of the more recent of the foregoing orders 
and instructions had reference to assessments for the payment of 
damages sustained b}^ loyal citizens from the depredations of guer- 
rilla bands, as well as to the assessments for the support of the loyal 
militia. The history of the former class of assessments, however, is 
foreign to the subject of this paper. It is sufficient here to state that 
the project of making assessments upon the alleged disloj^alists for the 
support of the Enrolled Missouri Militia does not appear to have been 
revived. It will be seen from another part of this paper that about the 
time the project was abandoned provision was made l)v the (xcneral 
Government to furnish the Enrolled Missouri Militia with forage, 
subsistence, and transportation when on active service, and that author- 
ity was subsequently given by the Secretar}' of War for the issue of 
clothing, camp and gai-rison equipage, and medical supplies. 

Provision was made by the legislature of the State for the "pay- 
ment and support" of the Enrolled Missouri Militia b}' an act approved 
March 9, 1863, of which the following is an extract: 

AN ACT to provide the means for the payment and support of the enrolled militia forces of the Stale 

of Missouri. 

Be if enacted bi/ tlw i/i'nrral a.%<^<'mf>li/ of tJie State of }flsso)iri, as foUoir.'<: 
§ L For the purpose of [>aying the Enrolled Militia, including surgeons and physi- 
cians, who have been in the service of the State, and such other militia forces as may 
be ordered into the service of said State, the governor is hereby authorized and 
diret-ted to cause to be issued State bonds as the same may 1)e required from time to 
time, to pay the militia forces aforesaid for services actually rendered to the State, in 
sums of one, three, five, ten, and twenty dollars each; in all not to exceed in amount 
three millions of dollars, and which shall be known as "Union Military Bonds," and 
shall be payable at the oflice of the treasurer in .lefferson City, Missouri, twelve 



70 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

months after date, with six per centum interest fi'om date, out of the Union Military 
Fund hereinafter provided, and shall be redeemable at any time thereafter at the 
2)leai?ure of the State. 

* * * * * * vr 

§ 9. A fund i.s hereby created wliich shall ])e denominated the "Union ^lilitary 
Fund," and shall consist of all moneys tliat may come into the Treasury of the State 
from appropriations made by the Congress of the United States to the State of Mis- 
soui'i, for the purpose of paying the militia forces thereof, or for indemnity for 
expenses incurred in suppressing the rel)ellion, or by loan for that purpose; and all 
taxes, dues, assessments, lines, and other liabilities that may l)e levied, assessed, and 
collected for, or may be due or coming to said State, l)y virtue of this or any other act 
for the special purpose of paying the militia; and this fund shall be and is i)ledged 
for the payment and redemi)tion of all the bonds, principal and interest, which may 
be issued under this act (and shall be set apart by the Treasurer for that purpose 
only), and })aid out under its provisions. 

§ 10. Fach and every person liable to do and perform military service contained 
within the following classes, shall be exempt from such service during each year on 
the annual payment of a commutation tax in consideration of such exemption equal 
to ten dollars each, and one per cent, upon the assessed value of his property: First, 
all persons who have refused, or who may hereafter refuse, for any cause, to perform 
military service. The commutation tax, in this section provided, shall be assessed 
and collected on assessment rolls, to ])e made out for each county by such military 
officers as may be assigned to that duty, and such commutation tax shall 1 )e collected 
and paid into the State Treasury as i>art of said fund, as provideil in the next section. 
******* 

§ 14. The governor is hereby authorized and directed to borrow any sum of money 
not exceeding one million five hundred thousand dollars upon ))onds of the State, 
signed by himself and countersigned by the Secretary of State, with the great seal of 
the State attached, not having less than one, nor more than three years to run, at 
seven per cent, interest, with coupons attached for the interest, payable semiannually 
at Jefferson City, Missouri. Said bonds shall be redeemable at maturity, and the 
principal and interest shall be paid out of the ^Military Fund created Ijy this act. 
The l)onds thus issued shall be registered in the secretary's office, and the money 
borrowed thereupon shall be paid out to the Enrolled Militia for active service, as 
prescribed in this act. These loans may be obtained from banks, or individuals, in 
^Missouri ])aper. United States Treasury notes made a legal tender, or other current 
funds; and in case said loan is effected, the bonds in this bill provided shall not be 
issued. 

Approved, March 9, 1863. 

[Laws of Missouri, 1863, pp. 25-29.] 

In an act of the legislature approved March 23, 1863, the tenth sec- 
tion of the act of March 9, 18(53, was so amended as to reiiuire the 
animal })ayment of $30 instead of $10 commutation tax in lieu of 
personal service. 

As reported bv the adjutant-general of the State (Annual Report. 
18(53, p. 30), the provisions of the State law permitting exemption 
from militia duty on the payment of the commutation tax interfered 
greatly with the ethciency of the Enrolled Missouri Militia, and it was 
found ex})edient l)v the governor of the State to order that the law 
should not apply to pen-sons who had })een detailed for active service 
in the provisional regiments unless the jiayment of the tax had been 
nuule in advaiu-c of tiie detail. Following is a copy of the order: 

GeNER.VL OrDER.S, 1 llEADCiC-^KTEKS St.\TE OK MISSOURI, 

> Al).irTANT-GEXER.\L'.S OfFICE, 

No. 14. j <S?. Louis, April ^3, 1863. 

* ****** 

II. The section in the act of the general assembly, approved ^larch 3, 1863, which 
allows of exemption from militia duty upon jniyment of a commutation tax is not 
to be so construed as to allow of an exemption to any person who may be detailed 
for active service in the provisional regiments, unless the payment of the tax shall 
be made before the pei-son shall be detaile<l for service. All i)ersons, therefore, who 



ENROLLED MISSOURI MILITIA. 71 

are liai)le to detail, and who desire to obtain exemptions, must complj' with the law 
by making the payment immediately. 
"Bv order of the Commander in Chief: 

John B. Gray, 
Adjutant-General. 
[Annual Report Adjutant-General of Missouri, 1863, p. 30.] 

Measures were ulso adopted to compel the service of persons subject 
to militaiT duty who should fail to pay the commutation tax. The 
orders on this subject were as follows: 

General Orders, "j Headquarters State of Missouri, 

I Adjitaxt-General's Office, 

Xo. 23. j 'V. Loais, Scptetnher U, 1S63. 

1. All persons subject to military duty in this State who have been assessed by the 
commissaries of exemption ior refusing to perform militia duty, and who fail to pay 
their commutation tax to the i)roper collector, when called on for the same, and 
become delinquent, shall be reported by such collector to the commander of his 
Enrolled Missouri Militia district, or to such other person as said district commander 
shall designate. 

The district commander shall cause all such persons to be arrested without delay, 
and require them to perform militia duty until said tax is fully discharged. If any 
delinquent be considered an improper person to bear arms, he will be required to 
perform fatigue duty. And all such persons will be allowed the same pay as other 
persons similarly employed in the P^nroUed Missouri Militia. 
By order of the Conunander in Chief: 

JoHX B. Gray, 
A djuiant- General. 

[Journal Missouri House of Representatives, adjourned session, 1863-64, Part I, 
Appendix, p. 214.] 

Gener.\l Orders, ^ Headquarters State of Missouri, 

I Adjutant-General's Office, 

No. 5. J Si. Loui.% February ^0, 1S64. 

I. By direction of the commander in chief, the following officers of the Enrolled 
Missouri Militia are hereby detailed for active service as commissaries of exemptions 
for the counties set op]iosite their names, for the current year, and will at once enter 
upon the discharge of their duties as such. 

* * * * * * * 

V. All persons who have heretofore or who shall hereafter fail to i>ay the com- 
mutation tax, when properly assessed, are required to perform military service until 
said tax is paid, they receiving the pay allowed to other persons in the military serv- 
ice of the same grade, and the commissaries of exemptions will cause all such per- 
sons to be arrested and require them to perform fatigue duty until said tax is fully 
discharged. 

By order of ^laj. Gen. W. S. Rosecrans: John B. Grav, 

Adjiitarit-Geiieral. 

[Annual Report Adjutant-General of ?kIissouri, 1864, pp. 38-40.] 

General Orders, "j Headquarters State of ^Missouri, 

I Adjutant-General's Office, 

No. 20. j St. Louis, May 10, 1864. 

******* 

II. Commissaries of exemptions are furthermore directed to forward to the com- 
manding officers of their respective districts, upon the date above mentioned, a list 
embracing the names and residence of all jiersons lialjle to perform militia duty 
within their counties who have failed to enroll in compliance with existing orders, 
and who have l)een assessed in consequence of such failure, or who have failed to 
pay the commutation tax when properly called upon, either for the year 1863 or 
1864, in order tliat such persons may be arrested and required to {perform fatigue 
duty until said tax l)e fully discharger!, in compliance with the i)rovisions of General 
Orders, No. 5, current series, from these headquarters. 

******* 

By order of Maj. Gen. W. S. Rosecrans: 

John B. Gray, 
Adjutant-General of Mmouri. 
[Ibid., p. 43.] 



72 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

OBJECT OF OKGANIZATIOX, COMMAND, SERVICE, STATUS. 

The object of the organization of the Enrolled Missouri Militia, as 
given in the general orders relating to their enrollment and embodi- 
ment as a military force, need not be here repeated. C'ontemporane- 
ouslv uith the issue of those orders General Schotield addressed the 
General in Chief, through his assistant adjutant-general, a letter in 
which he said, with regard to the purpose of the organization: 

Headquarteks St. Lot'is District, 

St. Lotus, Mo., July 26, 1862. 

Col. J. C. K ELTON, 

Assutant Adjutant-deneral, Washington, D. C. 

Colonel: I have the honor to inclose, for the information of the major-general 
commanding, copies of orders recently issued by the governor of ^Missouri and 
m}self, directing an enrollment of all the militia of the State preparatory to calling 
into service such force as any emergency may render necessai-y. 

My reasons for adopting this course are the following: Large numbei'S of returned 
soldiers from Price's aimy, having found their way l)ack to their home.*, have 
secretly organized nearly the entire reVtel portion of the State and are beginning to 
carry out the declared intention of some of their leaders to wage a war of destruction 
and extermination upon the loyal peojile, while Price is organizing a force in Arkan- 
sas with the purpose of reentering INIissouri, if possible. So much has the pi'obabil- 
ity of this result taken hold of the rebel mind in Missouri that a general risinji' among 
them is certain unless prompt and vigorous measures l)e taken to jnit it down. 

Whether any considerable force will attempt to enter [Missouri lam hardly able 
to judge, as it depends mainly upon the movements of General Curtis and their 
result. One thing is certain, there is now near the Arkansas line, south of RoUa, a 
much larger foi'ce than I can cojoe with unless I concentrate a large portion of my force 
and leave a corresponding portion of the State to l.)e overrun by guerrillas. This is 
the immediate and pressing necessity which has induced me to call at once for all of 
the militia of the State to be in readiness for any emergency that may arise. The ulti- 
mate and still more important end to be accomplished is to place the State in a condi- 
tion to take care of itseli without expense to the United States, an<l thus justify a with- 
drawal for more important service of troops in the service and pav of the I'nited States. 
* ■* * * * ■■ * * 

I am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

J. M. Schofield, 
Brigadier-dt'neral. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XIIT, p. 513.] 

On August 11, 18(32, Governor Gamble, writing to the General in 
Chief, said: 

Officers from Price's army have been for some time reci'uiting in noi'th ^Missouri. 
I ordered a general enrollment of militia. 
[Ibid., p. 557.] 

A few days later it was announced in an order from State headquar- 
ters (Generid Orders, No. 2:-5, of October 28, 1862): 

Thev are a bodv organized for the purpose of preventing violations of the law of 
the State. 

[Journal Missouri House of Representatives, adjourned session, 1SG."M)4. Part I, 
Appendix, p. S!).] 

On November 24, 1862, Brigadier-(jteneral Warmoth, eonnnanding 
the Second District, P^nrolled Missoui'i ]\lilitia, declared in a circular 
order: '"The Enrolled Militia of the State of Missouri is in active serv- 
ice for the purp()s(^ of maintaining and executing the civil laws of the 
State." The full text of tiie order is as follows: 

Headquarters Second District, E. M. M., 

RolUt, Noremher 24, 1862. 
The Kiirolk'd Militia of the State of Missouri is in active service for the purpose of 
maintaining and executing the civil laws of the State. This being the principal 
object, it will We well for all militia connnanders in this district to fully understand it. 



ENROLLED MISSOURI MILITIA. 73 

The laws of the State are for the protection of the Hves, Hberty, and the property 
of its citizens. Loyalty is a necessary ingredient to citizenship, and without it no 
man is entitled to protection, either for himself or his property. 

Under the laws of the State of Missouri, property is recognized in slaves. Fre- 
quent letters have been received at these headquarters asking the advice of the com- 
manding general in regard to fugitive slaves. 

It ix Jwrebi) ordered, " That the slaves of all loyal citizens who shall escape to the 
lines of the militia of this district shall, upon application and full satisfaction of the 
loyalty of the owner, be given up." 

A\'hatever policy may l)e adopted by the General Government with regard to this 
species of property, it is not for the militia to anticipate, but it is hoped that a spe- 
cial regard will be had for the property of Union men, of whatever description it may 
consist. 

While our statute Viooks contain legal enactments and provisions recognizing prop- 
erty in negroes, it will be the duty of the militia to protect the owner in the free 
enjoyment of his property. In this way dissimulation ami discord will cease, pros- 
perity, peace, and happiness be welcomed as they return to the hearths of the great 
Commonwealth. 

Bv order of — 

H. C. Warmoth, 
Brlgadier-(ieiieral, ComvKntding. 

[Ibid., p. 89.] 

On December 5, 1S()2, Geiienil Schofield, in a letter to the president 
of tlie St. Louis County assessment board, quoted in full in another 
part of this report, stated, in effect, that the purpose of the oroaniza- 
tion was to suppress guerrilla warfare in the State of Missouii, "and 
to preserve the authority of the United States within her liorders." 

The objects for which the provisional regiments of Enrolled Mis- 
souri Militia were formed will appear in a chapter devoted to those 
regiments. 

Under date of December 30, 1802, an order was issued bv authority 
of the governor of the State (General Orders, No. 50, quoted a])Ove), in 
which it was declared: 

The Enrolled ^Militia are under the exclusive command of their own otKcers, 
except when they are Ijy express orders placed under the command of United States 
officers, and they will be governed only by such orders as may be issued from these 
[State] hearlquarters. 

As regards the status of the Enrolled Missouri Militia, Brigadier- 
General Vaughan, conmianding the Eifth Military District, said, in a 
general order, dated March 11, 1863-: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Fifth Military District, E. M. M., 

No. 3. J ■ Lexhujton, Mo., March 11, 1S63. ■ 

The E. M. M. is exclusively a State force, organized by State authority and in 

accordance with State laws, and as such is not amenable to or l)Ound by any other 

law. You are therefore required in all your dealings to obey and enforce the State law. 

By order of — 

Brig. Gex. R. C. Vaughan. 
Comiii<(ndin<i Fifth Military District, K. M. M. 
[Ibid., p. 90.] 

On April 23, 18<)3, General Orders, No. 1-1, were issued from State 
headquarters prohibiting enlistments from the Enrolled Militia into 
the volunteer service of the United States when such militia had been 
detailed for active service. Following is a copy of the order: 

General Orders, "| Headquarters State of Missouri, 

[■ Ad.iutaxt-Gexeral's Office, 

No. 14. j St. Louix, April 2S, 1S6S. 

1. Hereafter no enlistments will be allowed from any organization of Enrolled 
Missouri Militia into the volunteer service of the United States when such militia 



7-i MISSOURI TROOPS — UNION. 

pliall have been iletaileil for active service, and shall have been embodied a? a force 
in the tield. 



F>\ order of the Coniniauder in Chief: 



John B. Gray, 
,1 djiitant- General. 



[Ibi.l., p. 257.] 

On May '2i), 18t)3. the coniniand of the Enrolled jNIissouri Militia then 
in actual .service within the State, includino- the Provisional Regiments, 
Avas conferred upon Major-General vSchoiield, who had been assigned 
to the command of the Department of the Missouri. This was done 
in orders from State headquarters published in general orders from 
headquarters Department of the Missouri, as follows: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

Xo. 45. i St. Louh, May 30, 1863. 

The followinj; order from headquarters State of Missouri, is published for the 
information of all concerned: 

■"General Ordkrs, ~| "Headquarters State of Missouri, 

\ " Ad.tutant-General's Office, 

"No. 17. j ''St. Louisa, May 29, 1863. 

"1. The command of the Enrolled Militia now in actual service within the State, 
including the Provisional Regiments, is conferred u]ion Maj. Gen. John ^I. Schotield, 
commanding the Department of the Missouri. 

******* 

"By order of the Connnander in Chief: 

"Alexander Lowry, 
" Captain and A.%^i.'^tant Adjutant-fieneral.^' 

Commanding officers of Enrolled Militia in actual service will make the customary 
reports and returns to the commanders of the districts in which they may be serv- 
ing. These returns will be consolidated at district headquarters and forwarded to 
department headquarters in the usual manner, but separate from the return of 
other troops. 

By command of Major-General Schotield: 

A. V. COLBURN, 

A .<f,s ista lit A djutant- General. 

Under date of July 29, 1868, (leneral Schotield declared, in an order 
from headquarters Depai'tment of the Missoui'i, that the act of Con- 
gress approved Marcli 18, 18»)2, prohibiting persons in the military 
service of the United States from employing any of the force under 
their command for the purpose of returning fugitives from service or 
labor, applied to the Enrolled Missouri Militia in active .service, and 
that they would not be permitted to aid the civil authorities in the 
arrest and return of fugitive slaves. Following is a copy of the order: 

General Okders, \ Headquarters Department of the Mis.souri, 

No. 75. J St. Loim, Mo., Inly 29, 1863. 

The act of Congress approved INIarch 1.'^, 18()2, prolii))its all officers or persons in 
the military servit-e of the United States from employing any of the forces under 
their command for the i)urpo.se of returning fugitives from service or labor. 

To prevent misajiprehension as to the scope of this prohibition it is hereby 
declared to exteml to all troops in this department, including the Enrolled Militia of 
]Missouri in active service. 

The latter, being under the command of the major-general commanding the 
ilepartiuent, can not be permitted to aid civil officers in the arrest or return of 
fugitive slaves. 

By command of Major-General Schofield: 

C. W. Marsh, 
Assistant A djutant- General. 



ENROLLED MISSOURI MILITIA. 75 

On Auo-u-^t lit. 18H3. the g-eneral orclors previously issued t'roni State 
headciuarters prohibitino- enlistments from the Enrolled Missouri 
Militia into the Unitt^d States volunteer service were revoked. This 
was done in General Oiders. No. 21, of which the following is a copy: 

Gexeiial Orders, ] Headquarters State of INIissoi-ri, 

I Adjutant-General's Office, 

Xo. 21. J 'SV. Louis, Aiujui^t 19, 1S63. 

So much of General Orders, No. 14, current series, from these headciuarters, as 
prohibits enUstments from tlie Enrolled 3Iilitia, while in active service, into the 
volunteer service, is hereby revoked; provi<led, however, that enlistments out of 
this force shall be subject to" such restrictions as may, for the good of the service, be 
made by Major-General Scholield, commanding that portion of the Enrolle<l [Missouri 
Militia which is now in active service. 
By order of the Commander in Chief: 

John B. Gray, Adjutant-dcnerdl. 

[Journal Missouri House of Kei)resentatives, adjourned session, 1863-64, Part I, 
Appendix, p. 257.] 

And on August 27, 1S03, the action of the governor in permitting 
enlistments into the volunteer service of the United States was pro- 
midgated in general orders from headquarters Department of the 
Missouri, as follows: 

General Orders, ) Headquarters Department of the JNIissouri, 

No. 89. i St. Louis, Mo., Autjust 21, 1863. 

Men belonging to the Enrolled MiUtia of Missouri, in active service, are permit- 
ted by the order of the governor of Missouri to enUst in United States volunteer 
regiments. But to prevent abuse, it is ordered that when such men are duly enHsted, 
their names, with the company to which they V)elong, and a certificate of their enlist- 
ment, shall lie sent l)y the recruiting officer to the colonel of their regiment, with the 
request for their discharge. The colonel will onler their discharge from his regi- 
ment, provided there be no charges against tliem. But if they are charged with any 
offense, they will not be discharged, but will be held for trial and ])unishment. 

No nulitiaman so enlisted will leave his militia company until he shall receive his 
discharge from the colonel of his regiment. Without such disi-harge, his enlistment 
in a volunteer regiment will be regarded null and void. 

By command of ihijor-3eneral Schofield: 

C. AV. [Marsh, 
Assistant Adjutant-Gene ral. 

On September 17. 1863, it was annoimced by General Schotield. in 
an order from headquarters Department of the Missouri, that the 
proclamation of the President suspending the privilege of the writ of 
habeas corpus in the cases of persons belonging to the land and naval 
forces of the United States would be held to apply to all Missouri 
militia called into active service under the orders of the department 
commander. Following is a copy of the order: 

General Orders, 1 Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

No. 96. / St. Louis, September 17, 1863. 

The proclamation of the President, dated \A'ashington, Septem])er 15, 1863, sus- 
pendintr the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus in the cases of persons lu^hjnging 
to the land and naval forces of the United States and other persons therein desci'ibed 
will be held to apply to all Missouri militia c-alled into active service under the orders 
of the department commander. 

* * * * * * * 

By command of Major-Creneral Schofielil: 

J. A. Campbell, 
Assistant A djutant- Getwrul. 

On September 26, 1863, the militia of the State, whether in active 
service or not, was placed by the governor under the conniiand of 



76 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

Major-General Scholield until further orders. This was done in 
General Orders, No. '24, from headquarters State of Missouri, which 
were pul)lished in orders from department headquarters, as follows: 

Gen'eral Orders, \ Heaoquarters Department of the Missouri. 

No. 102. ( St. Louh, J/o., September £8, 1863. 

I. The followinj^ or(ier from the governor of Missouri ii^ pul)lisheil for sieneral 
information: 

"General Orders, | "Headquarters State of Missouri, 

"No. 24. i ''St. Loiih, SeptemJier 26, 1863. 

"The militia of tlie State, whether in active service or not, are herel)y placed 
under the connnand of ^laj. Gen. John 31. Scholield until further orders. 
"By order of the Commander in Chief: 

"John B. (trav, Adjutant-Gdierdl." 

II. All reports and returns of militia not in active service will be made, as hereto- 
fore, to the adjutant-general of the State; and all reports and returns of nulitia in 
active service will be made to the assistant adjutant-general at these headquarters, 
through the proper subordinate commanders, in the same manner as those of United 
States troops. 

Militia in active service are placed on the same footing as United States troops so 
far as regards their duties and subordination to the district or subordinate connnand- 
ers under whom they may be serving, l)ut no militia otiicer will be placed under 
command of a United States officer of a lower grade. 

The militia not in active service are positively prohibited from exercising any 
military authority, making arrests, or doing any other act which troops alone may 
lawfully do. 

******* 

In case of emergency, which will not admit of delay. United States district com- 
manders are authorized to call into active service, for the time being, such additional 
forces from the Enrolled Militia of their districts as they may deem necessary, and 
in such case will assign competent and reliable militia or other officers to their tem- 
porary commands. 

Except in the case mentioned above no additional militia will be called into active 
service except by the orders of the major-general commanding. 

All organizations of a military character, except such as are authorized by law and 
ordered by competent authority, are strictly prohibited. 

Bv order of Major-iTcneval Scholield: 

C. W. Marsh. 
Ai^.iiiftdnt Adjutant- ( J riieraf. 

Majoi'-General Scholield was succeeded in the command of the Depart- 
ment of the Missouri by Maj. Gen. W. S. Rosecraiis, January 30, 1864, 
and, in (General Orders, No. -i, headquarters State of Missouri, dated 
February 2, ISO-t, General Rosecrans was placed in command ''of all 
the militia of the State," thus succeeding to the authority, with respect 
to the State militia, previously bestowed upon his immediate prede- 
cessor in conuuand of the military departnuMit. General Rosecrans 
was succeeded on December !>, 1864, by MajorCTcneral Dodge, Imt it 
does not ai)p('ai' that tlu» latter was invested with the command of the 
P^nrolled Missoui'i Militia. 

In his report (not dated) of operations in ^Missouri and northwestern 
Arkansas from April 10 to November 2<J, 18G2, Brig. Gen. -lohn M. 
Schofield reported, relative to the organization and service of the 
EnroUed r^Iissouri Militia, as follows: 

»«•***•* «■ 

1 had hardly made the necessary disj)osition of my troops to preserve the i)eace of 
the State, upon the supposition that it was to be jn'otected from invasion by the army 
under General Curtis, when the movement of his force to Helena left the entire 
southern border unprfitected and the State exposed to raids of the enemy's cavalry, 
which it was impossible for nu' to meet without withdrawing i)rotection from the 
homes of loyal people throughout the State, which latter would have been to give 
the entire State over to pillage and destrui-tion. 



ENKOLLED MISSOURI MILITIA. 77 

About this time commenced the execution of a \vell-devi.se<l scheme of the rebel 
Government to obtain large reenforcenients from ^Missouri and uitimatel.v to regain 
l)os!?e8sion of the State. A large number of Missourians in the rel)el army were sent 
home with commissions to raise and organize troops for the rebel army'. Many of 
these succeeded in secretly passing our lines and in eluding arrest. ' Some were 
arrested, and others voluntarily surrendered themselves, professing their desire to 
return to their allegiance, and were permitted to take the oath of allegiance and 
return to their homes as loyal citizens. These emissaries spreatl themselves over 
the State, and, while maintaining outwardly the character of loyal citizens or evad- 
ing our troops, secretly enrolled, organized, and ofhcered a very large number of 
men, estimated by their friends at from 80,000 to 50,000. Places of rendezvous were 
designated, where all were to asseml)le at an appointed signal, and, by a sudden coup 
de main, seize the important ])oints in the State, surprise and capture our small 
detachments guarding railroads, etc., thus securing arms and ammunition, and 
cooperate with an invading army from Arkansas. At an early day I l)ecame aware 
of the impending danger, and aske<l for coojieration from the force at Helena and 
for reenforcements in Missouri. The former was promised, but failed. To the latter 
request I received the reply that none could be furnished. The plan of the enemy 
had already begun to be developed. For the purpose of procuring arms for the large 
force enrolled several bands of considerable strength suddenly sprang into existence 
and attempted the surprise and capture of some of my small detachments, passing 
rapidly from post to post, plundering and murdering the loyal people in their path. 

Thanks to the activity and stubborn resistance of our troops, the rebels met with 
very limited success; but with their failure, although repeatedly beaten by our 
troops, their numbers raiiidly augmented. New bands made their appearance in all 
parts of the State and commenced the work of robbery and nuirder for whi<'h they 
had been organized. A very large and immediate increase of the force under my 
command could alone save the State. To obtain this force from troo})s then in serv- 
ice was impossible. None could be spared from any quarter. Under these circum- 
stances I determined to call upon the governor of Missouri for authority to organize 
all the militia of the State and to call into active service such force as might be nec- 
essary to aid me in destroying the guerrilla bands and in restoring a state of peace. 
The authority was readily granted, and the work of enrollment, organization, and 
arming was immediately commenced. 

The difficulties attending the execution of this project of making available the 
entire n)ilitary power of the State were at first so great, owing to various causes, and 
the results of its successful prosecution have been of so great importance, that the 
subject seems to demand of me more than a passing notice. 

It was the first attempt of the kind in this or any other country under similar cir- 
cumstances, and hence was to a great degree an experiment, in which much was to 
be learned before it could be prosecuted to perfect results. The first effect, and 
which was to be expected, was to cause every rebel in the State who could possess 
himself of a weapon of any kind to spring to arms and join the nearest guerrilla band, 
and thus largely and suddenly increasing the force with which we had to contend, 
while thousands of others ran to the brush to avoid the required enrollment. On 
the other hand, the loyal men throughout those portions of the State which had 
suffered from rebel outrages rallied at the first call with an eagerness which showed 
how deeply they had suffered and how highly they prized the opportunity of rid- 
ding themselves once and forever of the great evil under which they had so long lived. 

In the city of St. Louis and other ])ortions of the State not subject to guerrilla 
outrages the case was different. The President's order for a general draft of militia 
had not yet been issued but was expected, and this was regarded as a step toward 
preparation for it. Thousands fled from the State to avoid the enrollment. By the 
disloyal of all shades it was assumed as part of a general conscription, intended to 
force them into the ranks to light against their Southern friends. Many young men, 
who would otherwise have been glad to remain quietly at home, were induced by 
these misrepresentations to enter the rebel ranks. Indeed, the question what to do 
with the disloyal among those subject to military duty was the most diflicult one to 
settle. Their obligation to do the recjuired service was certainly no less, if not far 
greater, than that of the loyal. It was regarded by the loyal people, and apparently 
with justice, a great hardship tliat rel)el sympathizers should be excused from the 
military duty which was reiiuired of those who had been faithful to their allegiance. 
Whatever may be said of the policy of embodying unfaithful men in a large army it 
would manifestly have been ruinous in a scattered force, such as the militia must 
often* be, and where the loyal would often be outnumbered l)y the traitors. 

It was first proposed to exempt them upon payment of a certain fee, but this 
proved impracticable. A sum which the poor man in the country could pay was 



78 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

ridiculously small when required of the wealthy man in the I'ity. ^Nlany reputed 
loyal men, but more mindful of their comforts than of the salvation of their coun- 
try, would willinjrly pay a liii^h fet', which tlie really l.jyal jioor man could not, and 
thus throw upon the shoulders of his poor nei^dibor the burdens, of which the latter 
was willintr to l)ear his share but not the whole. Finally it was cletermined to take 
the \ng\\ ground that none but those of api)roved loyalty sliould be required or per- 
mittee! to bear arms in defense of the State. I have had no reason since to doubt 
the correctness of the principle thus e.stablished nor the wisdom of the policy pur- 
sued under it. 

Another .werious (piestion was how to j)rovidethe means for armiuir, subsisting, and 
clothing this force. A portion of the arms retiuired were supplied from the United 
States Arsenal, Imt they were of a kind poorly adapted to the service required of the 
militia. Subsistence was entirely denied, and clothing was out of the question. The 
State was entii-ely without means. 

The calamity under which the State was suffering had been brought upon her by 
the influence of prominent and wealthy persons, thousands of whom were still living 
in the State, and even in the city of St. Louis, enjoying the protection of the Gov- 
ernment, and many of them growing rich upon their country's calamity. These 
persons even yet did not hesitate to talk and act treason whenever they could do so 
with impunity. Tiiey even persuaded young men to join the l)ands of outlaws who 
were plundering the loyal people and driving them from their homes, and furnished 
them with arms and money. No permanent peace could be ex{)ectetl in the State 
until these aiders of rebellion should be banished or silenced. 

For these reasons, after consultation with the governor of Missouri, 1 determined 
to assess and collect from the rebels of St. Louis County the sum of SoOO,000, to be 
used in arming, clothing, and subsisting the enrolled militia when in active service 
and in providing for those families of militiamen and volunteers which might be left 
destitute. Those living in the country were taxed in furnishing subsistence to the 
troops in pursuit of the enemy. 

A Ixiard, composed of five of the most reliable citizens of St. Louis, was appointed 
and directed to assess and collect the proposed tax. Its work was but little more 
than commenced when my connnand of the District of ^Missouri ceased. 

The enrollment and organization of the militia has l)een steadily pushed forward 
until the present time, it having ])een impossible to commence it in some portions 
of the State until very recently, in consequence of the occupation by large bodies of 
the enemy, which have now, however, been driven from the State. 

The numT)er of men already enrolled is 50,900, about 30,000 of whom are armed, 
while the State government has on hand several thousand stand of arms, which may 
V»e distriljuted when necessary. I believe it may safely be said that .Missouri is now 
in condition to suppress almost instantly any insurrection which can !)e conceived as 
possible, even if all the troops now in active service were withdrawn from the State. 
She has, at the same time, about 40,000 men in the service of the United States, con- 
sisting of volunteers — 28 regithents of infantry, 10 regiments of cavalry, and 16 bat- 
teries of artillery. Militia: Twelve regiments of cavalry, 1 regiment of infantry, and 
2 V)atteries of artillery. Missouri may now fairly be classed among tiie loyal States. 
May not the experiment which has been so successful here be tried with equal 
promise of success in other States? 

The order for a general enrollment was issued on July 22, 1862. By the 29th of 
the same month about 20,000 men had been organized, armed, and called into active 
.service. Many oi thest' were mounted and joined tlie regular troops in active ojiera- 
tions in the field; others relieved the forces guarding iuq)ortant railroads and dep(^ts, 
while some jjortions of the State were given over entirely to the Enrolled Militia; 
]>articularly was this the case in tlie northwestern portion. The entire Northwestern 
Division, under the command of Brigadier-General Loan, was very .soon in a condi- 
tion to take care of itself, the other troops being sent first t(j the Northeastern Division, 
and afterward transferred, with their very eflii-ient commander, to the Central 
r»ivision. 

Brig. (Jen. W. I*. Hall, of the P'nrolled Militia, was assigned to the command of the 
Northwestern Division on .\ugust 25, 1S62, since which time ])erfect peace has been 
maintained in that portion of the State without any aid whatever from the United 
States. 

******* 
[Official Recordsof the Union and Confederate .\rmies, Series I, Vol. XIII, pp. 9-12.] 

On ()c-t()l)cf 20. ls<>8, (leiionil SclioHcdd. then inujor-o-tMienil of vol- 
unteers, c(jniinan(liMo- the Depurtineiit of the ^li.s.soiiri, wrote to the 
President ndative to the Enrolled Missouri Militia: 



ENROLLED MISSOURI MILITIA. 79" 

Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

St. Louis, October £0, 1S63. 
The President, Waxhhigton, T). C. 

Mr. President: In compliance with so much of your ini^tnictions, dated October 
1, as directs me to report my opinion upon the availabihty for j^ood of the Enrolled 
INIilitia of Missouri, 1 have tlie honor to submit the following: 

The services of the P>nrolled ]\lilitia have been of great value, not only during the 
sunnner of lS(i2, when they were lir><t organized, but also during the present year. 
The ten Provisional Keginients which the governor organi/.eil for continuous service, 
and placed under my command, enabled me to relieve an equal force of United States 
troops and send them to General Grant. On several occasions I have calleil out fi-om 
one to four additional regiments for temporary ser\ice, to meet emergencies as they 
have arisen. With a few exceptions, they have responded with promjitness and 
alacrity, and have done good service. As an example, illustrating the value of this 
organization, on the 18th instant I called out the Seventh Regiment of St. L(_>uis to 
relieve troops in the city which I wished to send after Shelby. Within six hours 
after the order was made the whole city was under the guard of this regiment and a 
few colored recruits, and the old troops were on their way to Jefferson ('it>-. The 
regiment was just as valuable to me during the short time that its services were 
required as a regiment of regular troops would have be(ni. 

There are some points of oljjection to the Enrolled ^Militia organization, arising from 
defects in the State laws. 3Iilitiamen are exempted from active service for one year 
upon payment of the small sum of S30. The*^ consequence of this is that, as a rule, 
oidy the most worthless class of men are found in its ranks. The company otticers 
are elected l)y the men, and share their social and political prejudices, in a<l(lition to 
being generally incompetent, and in some instances disloyal, or at best of doubted 
loyalty. To remedy these defects the Provisional Regiments were formed by details 
of both officers and men from all the regiments, eighty in nund)er, of Enrolled 
Militia. In this manner ten regiments were formed for continuous active service of 
as good material as could be expected in a militia organization.- They were troops 
of about an average quality, varying, however, greatly, some being very good and 
others very l)ad. Erom their intimate knowledge of the country and i)eoi)le they 
have been able to render quite as valuable service, in most cases, as United States 
troops could have done. In some cases they have been a positive injury, in conse- 
quence of their participation in the unfortunate partisan feeling which has sprung 
up in the State. This fact is the most serious objection to retaining them in service. 
There are also other objections which I will enumerate. This detail, by which the 
active regiments are formed, is an arbitrary conscription, at least in many cases, and 
hence is more odious to the men than a regular draft. While these troops are sup- 
plied by the United States with quartermaster, commissary, and ordnance stores, 
they must look to the State for pay. The resources of the State available for this 
purpose are now nearly exhausted, and hence if these troops serve nuich longer 
they must do so without pay. It ^\\\\ be impossible to preserve among them the 
discipline and good feeling necessary to their efficiency for any consideraljle time 
after their pay is stopped. 

For these reasons I have proposed to myself to gradually dispense with the serv- 
ices of these troops as fast as their places can be virtually su]iplied by new troops 
raised in Missouri for the general service, by volunteering or draft, and as fast as my 
success in Arkansas, and conse(juent increased security to Missouri, shall diminish 
the force neces.*arv to be kept in service here. I have every reason to hope that in 
two or three months from this time these ten regiments can all be discharged; while, 
so far from having to recall troops from the main armies to take their place, addi- 
tional reenforcements can be sent from ]Missouri to those armies. 

]\Iy original design in organizing the militia of Mis^souri was to prepare the entire 
military force of the State so that it could be quickly called into active service in any 
emergency; such, for example, as a raid from Arkansas, thus diminishing gjvatly 
the United States force nece.«sary to be kei)t in Missouri. I still propose to carry 
out this plan, preserving and perfecting the organization of the militia regiments so 
that they will be available whenever they may be required. 

For the reasons I have stated, I would not recommend that these troops be kept 
in continuous service longer than necessary to i)revent an actual withdrawal of 
troops from more important service. But I would not, for any reasons whicdi now 
exist, or which I can now foresee, recommend that they be discharged until they 
can be spared without any diminution of the main armies. 

I have the honor to l)e, very respectfully, your oliedient servant, 

J. M. ScHOFiELD, Major-General. 

[Ibid., Vol. XXII, Part II, p. 666.] 



80 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION, 

In September. 1864, when Missouri was invaded by the Confederate 
forces under Maj. Gen. Sterling- Price, ]\Iajor-General Rosecrans, then 
in command of the militar3' Department of the Missouri, issued an 
order callinu- upon the citizens of the State to rally in its defense, 
stating that the governor of the State had been informed of the 
threatened raid and requested to call the militia to serve until the 
invaders were destro3'ed or driven from the State, and on December 
8, 1854. he issued a congratulatory order (General Orders, No. 220), 
in which he returned thanks to the Enrolled Missouri Militia, among 
other troops, ''for the zeal and energy with which they performed 
all the duties devolving upon them in the campaign which brought to 
naught Price's formidable raid and defeated the schemes of the rebels 
and traitors in Missouri and elsewhere against the State and the 
nation." 

Of the service of the Enrolled Missouri Militia, the adjutant-general 
of the State said in his annual report for the year 1863 (p. 22): 

Regiments and parts of regiments were ordered into active service and relieved 
therefrom at various times throughout the State whenever the emei'gency required 
it, and hfe and property, either from l5ands of guerrillas or an invasion of the enemy 
in force, became unsafe in any locality. In doing this a sound discretion was used, 
so as not to involve the State in too great an expense for their payment. 

Again, in the same report (p. 21), the adjutant-general said: 

During the month of January the Enrolled INIilitia in active service were continu- 
ally engaged in skirmishes and fights with small bands of guerrillas and bushwhack- 
ers, in all of which they invariably routed the enemy whenever a tight could be gotten 
out of them or a stand was made. The heaviest engagement in which the enemy 
was in any considerable force was at the battle of Springfield, upon the 8th of that 
month, and the gallant part taken by the Enrolled Missouri Militia, under the com- 
mand of Brigadier-General Holland, in the defense of that point against the attack 
of the greatly outnumbering forces of the rebels under Marmaduke, forms a bright 
page in the history of our State troops. 

In his annual report for the vear 1864, the adjutant-general said 
(p. 37): 

This l)ody of our State forces, thus designated to distinguish it from other local 
troops in the service of the United States, and which is properly the militia of the 
State, has performed an immense amount of duty throughout the State during the 
past year, and has proved a valuable adjunct to the troops in the service of the United 
States in not only repelling invasion in force, but in suppressing the bands of guer- 
rillas and cutthroats which, under the name of "Confederate soldiers," have, in a 
great measure, succeeded in their attempts to desolate Missouri. 

In 1863 a concurrent resolution was passed by the Senate and House 
of Representatives of the State of Missouri as follows: 

Resoln'd by the Senate {and Houi^e of Representatieex roncurrinf] therein), That a com- 
mittee (tf two (2) on the part of the senate and three (.3) on the part of the house be 
appointed to memorialize Congress to extend to the Missouri State ]Militia and the 
Enrolled Missouri Militia the benefit of the pension laws of the United States and all 
other laws conferring rights and privileges upcui the volunteer soldiers in the United 
States service. 

[Laws of Missouri, adjourned session, 1863-64, ]>. 102.] 

And in 1864 the following joint resolution was adopted: 

Rexulred hy the </eneral aK.'<e)nbly of tlie State of Misnonri, That our Senators in Con- 
gress he instructed and our Representatives be rei^uested to prepare and support the 
jiaf^sage of an act through the Congress of tlie United States to secure to the widows 
and (irplians of deceased soldiers of the Enrolled MiHtia of this State who died or have 
})een killed in actual service, and to such soldiers (if the same as have been wounded 
in the service of the State in the present rebellion, such pension and bounty as may 
be allowetl by the laws of C<mgress to the volunteer soldiers of the United States. 

Approved, Februarv 15, 1864. 

[Ibid.l 



ENEOLLED MISSOURI MILITIA. 81 

It does not appear that an3'^ special legislation has l)een enacted by 
Congress for the benelit of the Enrolled Missouri Militia, except for 
that portion of the force known as the "Provisional Enrolled Missouri 
Militia" and certain companies of Citizen Guards, which classes of the 
Enrolled Missouri Militia will be treated in this paper under their appro- 
priate designations. It is to be understood, how^ever, that meniliers of 
the Enrolled. Militia who were disabled by wounds or injuries received 
in engagements with the Confederate forces while temporarily serving 
under the connuand of United States officers were entitled to the pen- 
sions provided by the general laws (sec. 46H8, Revised Statutes) to 
militiamen disabled under such conditions of service whose claims were 
prosecuted to a successful issue prior to July 4, 1874. 

B}' an act approved April IT, 1S60, Congress authorized the reim- 
bursement of the State of Missouri for moneys expended "'in enrolling, 
equipping, subsisting, and paying such State forces as have [had] been 
called into service in said State since the 24th day of August, 1861, to 
act in concert with the United States forces in the suppression of the 
rebellion against the United States."" (14 Stat. L., p. 38.) And under 
that enactment the State was reimbursed for expenses incurred in con- 
nection w ith the organization and service of the Enrolled Missouri 
Militia. 

On September 28, 1878, an opinion was rendered by the Attorney- 
General that the Enrolled Missouri Militia "did not constitute a part 
of the Army of the United States, but w^ere a force acting from time 
to time in cooperation with it; '' "" that the order disbanding such troops 
can not be considered the equivalent of an honorable discharge in the 
sense in which those words are used in section 2304, Revised Statutes:" 
and that the persons who served as members of the Enrolled INIissouri 
Militia are not, therefore, entitled to the benefits accruing under the 
homestead laws from service in the Army of the United States. 
(Opinions of the Attorneys-General, Vol. XVI, p. 148.) 

It will 1)6 seen from the foregoing that the Enrolled Missouri Militia 
was a State force, organized under the militia law^ of the State for 
State service; that portions of it served, at various times and for short 
periods, under United States officers, and in cooperation wdth United 
States troops in defense of the State and, incidentally, in defense of the 
United States; and that such portions of the force as were in active 
service, under proper authority, were subsisted by the United States 
and were paid by the State, as State troops, for which payment and 
the expenses of organization and service the State was reimbursed by 
the United States under special legislation providing therefor. 

Three companies of the Eirst Regiment and four companies of the 
Sixty-third Regiment were mustered into the United States service in 
1864, the former to serve thirty da3's and the latter to serve sixty days. 
During the short periods mentioned these companies were in the mili- 
tary service of the United States. 

As before stated in this paper, the Enrolled ^Missouri Militia num- 
bered 85 regiments, 16 l)attalions. and 33 independent companies, not 
including the companies of Citizen Guards having tlie status of Enrolled 
]Miss()uri jNIilitia. It may also })e stated that this enumeration does 
not include the Provisional Regiments and Provisional Companies 
formed by detail from the Enrolled Missouri Miltia. 

S. Doc. 412 6 



PROVISIONAL ENROLLED MISSOURI MlLlTIA. 



As stated in the last preceding- chaptei', the crisis which had called 
for the general arming of the people of the State had measurably- 
passed away (Annual Report of the Adjutant-General of Missouri, 
1863, p. 27), and it was decided by the governor to organize a "picked 
force of men," to be detailed from the ditferent regiments of the 
Enrolled Missouri Militia, '"'for a more permanent service," to consist 
of those of the original force "who could most easily be spared from 
their ordinary avocations, having but few if an}' others dependent upon 
their labor for support." Accordingly, on the 8d of February, 1863, 
a letter w^as addressed to the connnanding general of the Eighth Mili- 
tary District of the Enrolled Missouri Militia, as follows: 

Headquarters State of Missouri, Adjutant-General's Office, 

»SV. Louis, Fehruary S, 186S. 
Brig. Gen. T. J. Bartholow, 

Commanding Eiglilli Militury District of Missouri, Glasgoiv, Mo. 

General: By direction of the Connuander in Chief, you are instructed to detail 
from the organized force of Enrolled Militia within the F.ighth ^lilitary District, for 
active service, 24 mounted companies, of ai)proved loyalty and etticiency, to l)e pro- 
visionally commanded as follows: 

First. Each company will consist of 80 noncommissioned officers and privates, 
with 1 captain, 1 first and 1 second lieutenant. For this special service you will 
divide this force into two commands of 12 comjianies; each command divided into 
3 battalions of 4 companies each, and will assign to each command 1 colonel, 1 lieu- 
tenant-(!olonel, 3 majors, 1 adjutant, 1 quartermaster (who will act as conunissary), 
1 surgeon, and 2 assistant surgeons. And for this i)uri)ose you will detail from the 
regiments of your district 2 colonels, 2 lieutenant-colonels, 6 majors, 2 adjutants, 2 
quartermasters, 2 surgeons, and 4 assistant surgeons, whom you know to be reliable 
and efficient officers for this duty. 

For the jturpose of regularity in reports, returns, ete., these commands will be 
known respectively as the First and Second Provisional Regiments of the Eighth 
Military District, Enrolled Missouri Militia. 

As soon as these details are effected you will cause a consolidated report to be for- 
warded to the adjutant-general, giving the names of all commissioned officers, their 
rank, and from what regiments of Enrolled ]\Iilitia assigned, with the total of non- 
connnissioned officers and privates. 

Duplicate muster rolls will be made of each company, showing the letter by which 
it is <lesignated, as also dui)licate field and staff rolls, one of each of which will be 
forwarded to the adjutant-general at the same time with the c<)nsolida(e(l rejiort. 
As it is designed that this force shall be kept in active service continuously as long 
as their service may be required, you will direct that periodical muster rolls be made 
in the manner prescribed by Army Kegulations. 

These conunands, while in active service, will be governed by the rules and regu- 
lations of the United States .\rmy and the Articles of War (-ontained in Revised Army 
Regulations; and as the design of this force is to repress any attempt at insurrection 
an<l to ])revent any combinations for rebellion against the Government and to main- 
tain the laws of tlie State, you an' enjoined to liold every ofiicer to a rigid account- 
ability in regard to his immediate conmiand, and sujjpress at once, with a strong 
han<l, any attempt at marau<ling, plumlering, or insubordination of any kind. 
Immeiliately n|)on these details being comi)leted you will make the necessary 
reijuisitions for clothing and camp equii)age upon the quartermaster-general, who 

82 



PEOVISIONAL ENROLLED MISSOURI MILITIA. 83 

will be instructed to fill the requisitions upon the approval of the governor. For 

the necessary supply of arms you will issue the arms heretofore issued to troops of 
your district, so far as the same may be required, taking care, as far as possible, to 
arm each battalion with the same caliber. It is deemed unnecessary to go further 
into details, as these will suggest themselves in the process of completing the commands. 
Great confidence is reposed by his excellency in the energy and fidelity of the gen- 
eral commanding in carrying oat these instructions pronq^tly, and much good will 
result from a hearty cooperation of the officers and men detailed for this duty. 
Very respectfully, vour obedient servant, 

Wm. D. Wood, 
Acting Adjutnnt-General Missouri. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XXII, Part 
II, p. 95.] 

A similar letter was addressed to each of the other commanding 
generals of the militarj^ districts of the Enrolled Missiouri Militia, 
modified in some instances as to the number of regiments and com- 
panies to be organized. 

The result of these instructions was the formation of eleven regi- 
ments, denominated Provisional Regiments, Enrolled Missouri Militia, 
and one company of the Twenty-sixth Provisional Regiment. 

One elfect of the organization of these Provisional Regiments, as was 
intended, was the relief from duty of a large portion of the original 
force of Enrolled Missouri Militia, which was thereafter to be called 
into active service only in cases of emergency, while the Provisional 
Regiments were intended for "a more permanent service,^' or, as 
stated in the orders for their organization, to be " kept in service con- 
tinually '' as long as their services might be required. Another result, 
as stated b}- the adjutant-general of the State (Annual Report of 1863, 
p. 27), was that the effectiveness of the militia was "greatlv increased, 
for, although the number of men in service was in the aggregate 
fewer, still that loss would be more than counterbalanced by the degree 
of discipline which could be obtained in a permanent organization, so 
to speak, commanded by judiciously selected officers." 

To prevent the organization of disloj^al men into companies of the 
Provisional Enrolled Missouri ]Militia an order was issued from State 
headquarters, February 19, 1863, which has been quoted under the 
title of ^^ Enrolled Missouri Militia." 

On May 29, 1863, in orders from headquarters State of Missouri, 
the command of the Enrolled Missouri Militia then in actual service, 
including the Provisional Regiments, was conferred upon Major- 
General Schotield, commanding the Department of the Missouri, and, 
in General Orders, No. -IT, of June 7, 1868, from department head- 
quarters, it was announced that, under authority from the War 
Department, clothing, camp and garrison e(}uipage, and medical sup- 
plies Avould be furnished by the United States to the Enrolled 
Missouri Militia (including the Provisional Regiments) in active service. 

On September 26, 1863, all of the militia of the State, whether in 
active service or not, was placed b}- the governor under the command 
of General Schofield, as military commander of the Department of the 
Missouri, who, on September 28, announced the following: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

No. 102. i St. Louis, Mo., September 38, 1863. 

***** * * 

Militia in active service are placed on the same footing as United States troops, so 
far as regards their duties and subordination to the district or subordinate com- 



84 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

manders iimler whom they may be serving; Imt no miUtia officer will })e placed 
under command of a United States officer of a lower grade. 

******* 

The following regiments of Enrolled Missouri Militia are now inactive service, viz: 
First Provisional Regiment, Col. J. B. Douglass, connnanding; Second Provisional 
Regiment, Lieutenant-Colonel Harrison, commanding; Third Provisional Regiment, 
Col. Bennett Pike, commanding; Fourth Provisional Regiment, Col. J. B. Hale, 
commanding; Fifth Provisional Regiment, Col. Henry Neill, commanding; Sixth 
Provisional Regiment, Col. Henry Sheppard, connnanding; Seventh Provisional 
Regiment, Col. J. D. Allen, commanding; Eighth Provisional Regiment, Col. Wm. 
H. McLane, commanding; Ninth Provisional Regiment, Col. Thos. L. Crawford, 
commanding; Twenty-sixth Provisional Regiment, one company. Captain Kelly, 
commanding. 

* * * * , * * * 

By order of Major-General Schofield: 

C. W. Marsh, 

Assistant Adjutant-General . 

On January 30, ISGi, Maj. Gen. W. S. Ro.seeran.s assumed command 
of the Department of the Missouri, and on February 2, 1864, he was 
invested with the command of the militia of the State. 

The Tenth and Eleventh Provisional Regiments were disljanded pur- 
suant to special orders from State headquarters, dated September 18, 
1863, of which the following- is a cop}' : 

Special Orders, \ Headquarters Department of the IMissouri, 

No. 255. i St. Louis, September 18, 1863. 

******* 

5. The emergency for which the Tenth and Eleventh Provisional Regiments, 
Enrolled ^Missouri Militia, were called into active service having passed, they will be 
discharged from further service, except the mutineers of the Eleventh Regiment, 
who will lie confined at hard labor until further orders. 

6. The leailing mutineers of the Eleventh Provisional Regiment, Jlnrolled IMissouri 
Militia, to be selecte<l l)y the connnanding officer of the regiment, will be confined in 
the military prison and tried by general court-martial. All others engaged in the 
mutiny will be sent under guaixl to Rolla, Mo., where they will be confined at hard 
labor until further orders. 

******* 

By command of Major-General Schofield: 

Frank Eno, 
A ssiMa nt A djutan t- ( uniera I. 
[Book No. 94, Department of the Missouri, p. 69.] 

On May 8, 1864, as reported l)v General Rosecrans, then command- 
ino- the Department of the Missouri, but thirty-tive companies of the 
Provisional Regiments remained in service. Of these thirty-hve com- 
panies, two reo-iments, the Sixth and Seventh, were mustered into the 
military service of the United States for the period of twenty months 
from November 1, 1863, and were finally designated the Si.xteenth and 
Fifteenth Regiments Missouri Cavalry, respectively. The date of the 
disbandment of the remaijiing companies lias not l)een found of record. 
As reported by the adjutant-general of the State (Annual Report of 
1865, p. 43). the Enrolled Missouri ^Militia, which em))raced the 
Provisional Regiments, if any, then in ser\ice, was disbanded March 
12, IStif), under the provisions of section 26 of an act of the St:it(> 
legislature, approved Fel)ruarv 10, 18(55, quoted in the preceding- 
chapter. However, as also stated by the adjutant-general, " bnt few 
companies remained in active service up to the time of disbandment. 
and tiicy were chietly tliose organized under General Orders, No. 107, 
Depart UHMit of the Missouri, series of 1864,"" hereafter to be referred to. 

The objects of the organization of the Provisional Regiments, as 



PROVISIONAL ENROLLED MISSOURI MILITIA. 85 

stated in the orders for their formation, quoted above, were: (1) 
"To repress any attempt at insurrection;'' (2) ""To prevent any com- 
binations for rebellion against the Government;" and (3) "To main- 
tain the iau's of the State.-^ The italicized words just quoted were 
emphasized by the adjutant-oeneral of the State in his annual report for 
the year 1863. Other reasons for the organization of the Provisional 
Regiments, as already shown, were: (1) The crisis which called for a 
general arming of the people had passed; (2) a reduced force under 
the new plan of organization would be as etiective as a larger force 
not subject to the same degree of discipline; (8) a large portion of 
the original force would be relieved from active service. 

Reports and orders i-elative to the character and services of the 
Enrolled Missouri ]Militia, either directly or indirectly applicable to 
the Provisional Regiments, have already been quoted in this paper 
under the head of "Enrolled Missouri Militia." The following addi- 
tional mention l)y General Schotield of the Provisional Regiments is 
here given as pertaining exclusively to the history of those organizations : 

Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

St. Lrmis, Mo., December 10, 1863. 
Col. E. D. TowNSEND, Assistant Adj^dant-General, Washington, D. C. 

Colonel: I have the honor to submit a general summary of military operations in 
this department since the 24th of May, 1863, when I assumed this command. 
* r? -A * -;:• •;;• * 

In addition to the above, the governor of Missouri had commenced the organiza- 
tion of nine regiments of militia, styled "Provisional Regiments," intended for con- 
tinuous active service. A portion of this militia had been in active service for a 
considerable length of time, l)ut not under the orders of the department commander, 
and not acting in concert with the U'nite<l States troops. At my suggestion the gov- 
ernor placed these nine regiments under my command, whereupon the War Depart- 
ment gave me authority to supply them with everything neces.sary to their efficiency, 

and they became a real addition to the effective force in the department. 

******* 

I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

J. M. ScHOFiELD, Major- General. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XXII, 
Part I, pp. 12, 13.] 

The members of the Provisional Regiments Enrolled Missouri 
Militia, organized .imder the authority of the governor of the State 
of February 3, 1863, were (officers and enlisted men) simply detailed 
from the regiments of Enrolled Missouri Militia, and their military 
status was precisely the same as that of the original force. They were 
Missouri militia organized under the militia law of the State for 
State service, were paid bj^ the State, and while on daty under the 
command of United States officers were clothed and subsisted by the 
United States. Like the original force, thev served in defense of the 
State of Missouri and incidentally in defense of the Ignited States, 
But their service was of a more permanent character than that of the 
regiments from which they were detailed, and probably for that 
reason a pensional)le status was given them which was not extended 
to members of the original organization who were not detailed for 
membership of the Provisional Regiments. Like the Missouri State 
Militia organized under the provisions of War Department General 
Orders, No. 96, of 1861, the surviving officers and enlisted men of the 
Provisional Regiments, and the heirs of those deceased, acquired a 
pensionable status under the general law liy a provision of section 8 



86 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

of the tict of March 3, 1873, entitled "An act to revise, consolidate, 
and amend the laws relating to pensions." The clause referred to 
reads as follows: 

Sec. 8. * * * That the pro\'isions of this act are hereby extended to and made 
to embrace the otficers and privates of the * * * and the Provisional Missouri 
MiUtia, (li8a)ile<l Ijy reason of injury received or disease contracted in the line of duty 
while such militia was cooperating with United States forces, and the widow or chil- 
dren of any such person dying of injury received or disease contracted under the 
circumstances herein set forth shall be entitled to the benefits of this act: Prodded, 
That the ])ensions on account of such militia shall not commence prior to the date of 
the i^assage of this act. That the provisions of this section shall be so interpreted as 
to apply to the widows, child, or children of ofhiers and jirivates of the * * * 
and the Provisional Missouri Militia, if the husband or father was wounded or con- 
tracte<l the disease of which he died while in the service of the Government of the 
United States. 

Approved, March 3, 1873. 
[17 Stat. L., pp. 569, 570.] 

The provisions of the pension act of June 27, 1890, were subse- 
quently extended to the members of the Provisional Regiments and 
their representatives M' a joint resolution approved February 15, 1895, 
of which the following is an extract: 

JOINT RESOLUTION to restore the status of the Missouri Militia who served during the late war. 

Resolved by tJie Heimte and Home of Representatives of the United States of Aiiurica in 
Congress assembled, That the provisions of the act of June twenty-seventh, eighteen 
hundred and ninety, be, and are hereby, extended to include the officers and pri- 
vates of the * * * and the Provisional Missouri ^Militia who served ninety days 
during the late war of the reljellion and were honorably discharged, and to the 
widows and minor children of such persons. The provisions of this act shall include 
all such i^ersons now on the pension rolls, or who may herearfter apply to be admit- 
ted thereto. 

Approved, February 15, 1895. 

[28 Stat. L., p. 970.] 

With the exception of the Sixth and Seventh Regiments, whose 
muster into the United States service has been referred to, none of the 
Provisional Regiments of Enrolled Missouri Militia was in the mili- 
tary service of the United States. 

As already stated, the Provisional Enrolled Missouri Militia num- 
bered eleven regiments and one company. 



PROVISIONAL ENROLLED MILITIA. 



The "Provisional Enrolled Militia," or "Provisional ('onipanies of 
Enrolled Missouri Militia," as the organizations of this force are des- 
ignated b}' the adjutant-general of the State in his official reports, was 
entirely separate and distinct from the " Provisional Enrolled Missouri 
Militia" referred to in the preceding chapter. 

The Provisional Enrolled Militia was organized under General 
Orders No. 107, headquarters Department of the Missouri, dated 
June 28, 1864, of which the following is a copy: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Department of the MissotRi, 

No. 107. J St. Louh% Mo., June 28, 1864. 

People of Missouri: 

For several months I have been carefully considering your situation, influenced 
by a due sense of the responsibility of my position and a sincere desire for your 
welfare. 

With a great and populous State, a fertile soil, vast mineral wealth, supplied with 
outlets by water and railroad for all your productions, no actual war within your 
borders for the last two years, and yet plundering, robbery, and arson have pre- 
vailed everywhere to a certain extent, except at points garrisoned by troops and 
some few strictly loyal sections of the State. 

Daily appeals come to me from all quarters, invoking protection for persons, prop- 
erty, industry and its fruits, accompanied by assurances from all, without regard to 
political or sectional sympathies, that the great mass of the people are readyand 
willing to unite for the preservation of the public peace against those who, in viola- 
tion of every law of war and humanity, under the title of Confederate soldiers, 
guerrillas, and bushwhackers, invade, plunder, and murder the peaceful inhabitants 
of your State. 

With this condition of things in view, being fully determined as far as possil^le 
to restore civil law and order, and jtersuaded that you have the intelligence and 
public spirit to see that the question whether you will have a government of law 
an(l order or one of brute force is before you to be met, and that you are ready to 
forego all party considerations to cooperate with the military authorities for the 
purpose of securing protection, I have determined upon the following measures: 

First. You are requested innnediately, by public meetings in townships or coun- 
ties, to unite in saying whether you will take the ground above indicated or not; 
and nonaction will be considered as a refusal to aid in the work of peace and pro- 
tection. Township committees of pul)lic safety, composed of three of the most dis- 
creet citizens, in whom all will have confidence, should be chosen at these meetings, 
to correspond with a committee of live similarly selected in each county, who will 
correspond with the local district coirnnanders, and through thein with department 
commanders, as often as necessary, giving them such advice and information as may 
be useful against the puljlic and private enemies of your peace and safety. 

By agreement with the governor of this State, you will choose and organize, out of 
the Enrolled State Militia of your locality, one or two companies of about 100 men 
each, selected for courage, energy, and willingness to serve for the protection of your 
respective counties. 

They ought to be so chosen as to connnand the confidence of citizens generally, 
without regard to party, and the best officers selected and recommended Ijy the 
proper Enrolled INIilitia colonels and brigadier-generals of the districts in which 
they belong, approved l:)y the United States district commander, who will forward 
these names and the rolls of the men to his excellency the governor, through these 

87 



OS MISSOUEI TROOPS UNION. 

headquarter^^, as soon as possible, upon which commissions and orders will be issued 
from the State headquarters for arming, equipping, and calling the men into service, 
so far as may hi deemed necessary for the ends of local defense. 

Such organizations will !).> paid by the State when actually on duty, liut in all 
cases they must be on duty with the approval <:if the governor to receive pay. 

In organizing these forces and in all local measures for active defense after organ- 
ization, the district commanders of this dejiartment and the brigadier-generals of the 
various <listricts of the Enrolled Missouri ^lilitia are desired to cooperate and consult 
constantly and freely. 

I confidently rely upon all good men in the State to unite in this movement in 
behalf of humauit}' ami for the protection of life and property. I am fully per- 
suaded if you do so unite with zeal, energy, and in good faith a short time will restore 
a state of profound quiet within your now distracted borders. 

W. S. ROSECRANS, 

Major- General, Commanding. 

District commanders are charged with the prompt publication of this order, so far 
as practicable, to every citizen resident within the limits of their commands and 
will afford all necessary aid and protection to the meetings which may be called. 
By command of Major-General Rosecrans: 

O. D. Greene, 
Assistant Adjutant- General. 

In his address to " Missourians," in General Orders, No. 134, of 
Jul}' 28, 1804, General Rosecrans said: 

Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

,S'^ Louis, Mo., July 2S, IS64. 
General Orders, \ 
No. 134. i 

Missourians: 

******* 

To enable you to cope with small roving squads of guerrillas, the commanding 
general urged you, in General Orders, No. 107, to organize and select trustworthy 
companies of your citizens, to be armed and empowered to act as Provisional Enrolled 
Militia for local defense, and trusts you will complete the rolls, carefully revise and 
submit them, through the channels prescribed, for his approval, without delay. 
* * * * * * * 

By command of Major-General Rosecrans: 

O. D. Greene, 
Assistant Adjxdant- General. 

And in General Orders, No. 192, of October 9, 1864, General Rose- 
crans referred to General Orders, No. 107, as "having been promul- 
gated to provide for local defense against bands of bushwhackers and 
other disturbers of the pul)lic peace, and for the maintenance of law 
and order more effectually than could be done by calling out the 
Enrolled Militia, as well as to engage all good citizens in the work."' 

Sixty-two companies of Provisional Enrolled Militia were organized, 
under the provisions of General Orders, No. 107, quoted above. But 
little information has been obtained relative to their service, but from 
data filed in the office of the Commissioner of Pensions it appears that 
some of these Provisional Companies " wen* l)rought into active service 
and sustained he;ivy losses outside of the counties to w'hich they 
belonged.'' (Digest of Pension Laws, Decisions, etc., 1885, p. 309.) 
Some of them are known to have ""remained in active service" until 
March 12, 18G5, when they were disl)anded under the provisions of 
the act of the Missouri legislature, approved Eebruary 10, 1865. 
(Annual Report Adjutant-General of ]\Iiss()uri. 1865, p. 43.) 

As required by the ordei- for their organization, the members of the 
Provisional Companies of Enrolled Missouri INIilitia w(>re chosen "out 
of the Enrolled State ]\iilitia,'" but as appears from the animal report 



PROVISIONAL ENROLLED MILITIA. 8^ 

of the adjutant-general of the State for the year 18()4 (page 372) the 
companies were "organized both b}" volunteering and detail.'' The 
object of their organization is clearl}* shown. . They were organized 
for local and temporary service, in their "respective counties," for 
protection against the outrages of guerrilla bands, w^ere to be armed 
and equipped bj^ the State, and were to be paid b}' the State, "when 
actually on duty, * * * with the approval of the governor." 
Their militar}^ status did not differ in anj^ essential respect from that 
of other bodies of the Enrolled Missouri Militia in the State service. 
They were not in the niilitarv service of the United States. 

It has been decided by the Interior Department that the members of 
these local companies are not of the class of Provisional Missouri 
Alilitia to which a pensionable status was given by section 8 of the act 
. of March 3, 1873 (section 4722, Revised Statutes), and the joint reso- 
lution of February 15, 189.5. (Decisions of the Department of the 
Interior, Pension and Bounty Land, Vol. VIII, pp. 518-530.) In this 
respect they differ from the Provisional Regiments, Enrolled Missouri 
Militia, which were organized for a more permanent service. 

As before stated, the Provisional Enrolled Militia numbered sixt}^- 
two companies. 



MISSOURI MILITIA, ORGANIZED UNDER AUTHORITY 
OF STATE GENERAL ORDERS, NO. 3, OF JANUARY 

30, 1865. 



The Enrolled Missouri Militia was disbanded March 12, 1865, under 
the provisions of section 26 of the State militia act approved Februaiy 
10, 1865. This section reads as follows: 

Sec. 26. All organizations of the P^nrolled Missouri Militia shall cease to exist on 
the expiration of thirty days after the approval of this act, and the commissions of 
all officers of the f^nrolled Missouri Militia, including all commissions issued to per- 
sons on the staff of the governor, prior to January 1, 1865, shall be deemed to be 
vacated on that day. 

[Annual Report Adjutant-General of Missouri, 1865, p. 43.] 

In anticipation of the passage of this act and the consequent retire- 
ment from active service of the Enrolled Missouri Militia, and also 
because of the approaching muster out of the Missouri State Militia, 
measures were taken by Major-General Dodge, then commanding the 
Department of the Missouri, in cooperation with the State authorities, 
to replace these troops by a body of men who, as stated by the adju- 
tant-general of the State in his annual report of 1865 (p. 52), '' would 
be more effective and available, and at the same time less expensive 
to the State."' 

On Januar}^ 7, 1865, General Dodge addressed the governor of the 
State on the necessity for a new organization of the militia, suggest- 
ing the formation of companies in certain counties. Following is a 
cop3' of his letter: 

Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

Si. Louis, Mo., January 7, 1865. 
His Excellency Thomas C. Fletcher, 

Governor of Missouri. 
Governor: I tliink Ave should, as early as {possible, get an organization in all the 
disloyal counties, especiallj' in those bordering on tlie INlissouri Kiver. If the legis- 
lature i)asses a Ijill Avith no exem]>tion clause and classilies the enrollment, say we 
call out, arm, and equip tlie lirst class, and jmt 100 men on duty in each of the above- 
mentioned counties under exjK'rienced, tried, and undoubtedly loyal men; get the 
start of all guerrillas, etc. l'>y this means the running from one county to another 
by these l)ands will be prevented. The Government can, I understand, feed these 
men. Let the counties pay them. It is no more than right that the disloyal coun- 
ties should pay for their own jjrotection, and this would do away with all complaint 
as to pay. The district commander could have these men under his command, and, 
if necessary, we could place subdistrict commanders over them from some of our old 
regiments. As soon as you adoj^t the plan for a militia l)ill I will put the district 
commanders to work to organize these comjianies and hold all loyal men in these 
counties. Al)ove all things get, if possil)le, in the counties referred to, old soldiers 
for commanders — men who have l)een tried and in regard to whose standing there 
^•an be no doubts. It seems to me we ought to have 100 men on duty in each of the 

90 



MISSOURI MILITIA, GENERAL ORDERS, NO. :?, 1865. Ul 

counties on the Missouri River within the next sixty days. There are a large num- 
ber of officers returning from Sherman's army who could be used to good advantage 
in this work. Let me hear from you. 

Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, 

G. M. Dodge, Major-G'i'iieral. 
[OflBcial Records of the Tnion and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XLVIII, 
Part I, p. 449.] 

The condition.s existing in Missouri at tliis time, and especially in 
tiie northern eounties, were discussed in a correspondence of which 
the following is a cop}" 

Executive Mansion, 

]Vashinf/ton, Jumuirii In, 1865. 
Major-General Dodge, 

St. Louis. Mo.: 
It is represented to me that there is so nuich irregular violence in northern Mis- 
souri as to be driving away the people and almost depopulating it. Please gather 
information, and consider whether an appeal to the people there to go to their homes 
and let one another alone, recognizing as a full right of protection for each that he 
lets others alone, and barring only him who refuses to let others alone, may not 
enable you to withdraw the troops — their presence itself a cause of irritation and 
constant apprehension — and thus restore peace and quiet and returning pi'osjierlty. 
Please consider this, and telegraph or write me. 

A. Lincoln. 
[Ibid., J). 535.] 



Headquakteks Department of the Missoiki, 

St. Louis, January 15, 1SG.'>. 
Governor Fletcher, 

Jeferson Citt/: 

President Lincoln telegraphs me that it is represented to liiiu tiiat there is much 
irregular violence in northern Missouri. That on account of this it is being almost 
depopulated, and suggests the propriety of withdrawing the troops and calling upon 
the citizens to return, and recognizing as a full right to each that he let the other 
alone. Do yon believe any such policy would have tlie desired effect? I have not 
heard of many cases that he speaks of. Consider this private and answer by tele- 
graph. 

G. M. Dodge, ^fnjor-0('ueral. 

[Ibi.l., p. 535.] 



• Jefferson City, Jnvtiarii IH, 18(15 

Maj. Gen. G. M. Dodge: 

I have heard of some Union men being killed in north Missouri and of some rebels 
moving away. No Union man wants the troops withdrawn from here. The Union 
men will return ami be organized under new military law and can then defend them- 
selves. I will consent to no l')argains with rebels. All we want is discipline in the 
troops we have and those to be organized. I do not believe the policy mentioned by 
you would have any good effect, and think it has been suggested by the same men 
who have been compromising with the enemy since the war l3egan. I had hoped the 
President would not listen to their counsels again. 

Thos. C. Fletcher, 
Governor of Missouri. 
[Ibid., p. 547.] 



Headquarters DepartiMent of the Missouri, 

»S7. Louiit, Mo., ./aiiuary I'l, 18l>5. 
Hon. Abraham Lincoln, 

President of the United States, Washingioti, I). C. 
Dear Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your telegram of the 
15th instant. Since I assiimed command here the troubles in north Missouri have 
increased, from the fact that the troops that were in those counties infested by 
guerrilla bands were nearly all withdrawn by me to send to General Thomas, but 
there is no doubt that this country is now more quiet than it has been before for 
three years. Where these troubles exist the people are to a great extent disloyal, 
and it is the protection, aid, and sympathy that they give to the enemy and to out- 



92 MISSOIKI TROUrS UNION. 

laws that causes those troubles. One class (the disloyal) desires all troops with- 
drawn, while the other (the loyal men) petition to have more sent. The fact is that 
unless troops are ke])t in the ^lissouri River counties no loyal people can live there. 
I have consulted with (Tovernor Fletcher in relation to this matter, and so far as 
])ossible we have endeavored to quiet these troubles. Three thousand men left 
these counties and joined Price last fall. JNIany of them are now sneaking back and 
irointr into the bush to operate. The jieople who are leaving are mostly those whose 
friends are in the rel)ol army, or whose syiiniathies are with the rebels, and those 
who exj)ect to be disfrantdiised, and who have but very little, if any, sympathy 
with our Government. They do not leave on account of depredations committed 
upon them by the trooi)s, but through fear of action of the State convention. I 
believe most of the loyal men, and those who have determined to become loyal, 
are determined to stay. Those of them that do go flee from guerrillas, which no 
order or i)roc]amation would reach. The Imsh whackers can only be put down and 
kept down l)y hoMing the citizens who aid, feed, and harbor them responsible. 
Loyal local organizations I consider the l)est troops to keep these outlaws under, and 
I had settled in my own mind ujjou the jiolicy to pursue, viz: As soon as the State 
l('<>isiatnre j)asses the new militia bill, to raise imder it 100 men from each of these 
disloyal counties, place them under competent and reliable officers, citizens of the 
State \\ ho have seen service. Let the Government arm, equi}), and feed them, and 
the counties pay them. Place one of these companies on duty in eai-h of the dis- 
loyal counties where these troubles exist; withdraw therefrom the Unitetl States vol- 
imteers, and call ui)on tlie citizens to suitjiortand aid these organizations. To a great 
extent they will clu'erfnlly do it. Tliose who will not, and who persist in giving 
aid to bushwhackers, to be sent out of the department. I have issued stringent orders 
to all the troops in regard to committing depredations and acts through personal 
enmity, and good effects are hereliy l)eing produced. I hear of l:)ut very few depreda- 
itons by troops recently, but bushwhackers are roblnngand murdering: in many places. 
During the winter it is to the interest of these outlaws and their friends to keep our 
trooj)s away. As soon as s])ring comes they exi)ect to obtain reenforcements from 
the Soutli, and even from the loyal States, where many have gone to winter, and 
who, when the leaves come, will ail return. What troops I have are kept very 
active, and they are doing good work in the way of breaking up guerrillas and 
marauding bands. The troops in north Missouri are nearly all ^lissouri State 
]\[ilitia, whose term of service is fast expiring. Their discipline has been very lax, 
and on account of the defective nature of that organization, they have not been 
efficient. I have taken measures to hold the othcers responsit)le for the discii)line 
and acts of these troops. I do ])elieve that the system of local organization that 
J intend to inaugurate will prove effective for the si)ecial reason that we will have 
the selection of the officers, and most of them will l)e old, tried, and experienced 
soldiers, fully ind)ued with the right sentiment, and feeling a personal interest in 
restoring law and order. Allow me to assui-e you tliat the couise you projjose would 
be protested against by the State authorities, the legislature, the convention, and by 
nearly every loyal man in north Missouri, while it would receive the .simction of 
nearly every disloyal, semiloyal, and nonconunittal person there. All such could, 
under that course, live, and would woid<l want to stay in that country, while every 
loyal man would have to leave those counties where the disloyal .^^entiment is in the 
ascendency. 1 take it that the only sure road to peace in this State is thi'ough the 
aid and support of its undoubtedly loyal ]iopulation, and with the organization I 
speak of I am satisfied 1 can restore and maintain quiet in north ]Missouri. It is my 
wish and earnest endeavor to have every ])erson in the State anil elsewhere to come 
U)i lirndy to tlie supi)ort of the (iovernment, no matter what their antecedents are, 
and I have in my onlers and instructions to my troops conunanded them to give all 
encourageini'ut, aid, and i>rolection in their ])ower to any and every person who 
shows an honest and earnest desii-e and intention to support the Government, and 
assist in putting down guerrilla warfare. 1 heiewith inclo.^e my Order, No. 7," 
which endiodies some of the views in your dispatch, and which will receive the 
cordial indorsement and cheerful support of every person in the State who is not 
aiding and abetting the l)ushwhackers, or who are so disloyal that they would not 
agree to or approve of anything issued I)y a Federal ofiicer. 

I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

G. 31. Dodge, 



[Ibid., J). 546.] 



Major-General. 



"This order does not relate to tiie organization of troops and is not, therefore, 
here reproducecJ. 



MISSOURI MILITIA, GENERAL ORDERS, NO. 3, 1865. 93 

On January 23, 1865. General Dodge requested of the governor the 
organization of thirtv-ono companies for service in certain counties 
and localities. Following is a copv of his letter of that date: 

Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

St. Louis, Mo., January es, 1S65. 
Thomas C. Fletcher, 

(Torernor of Mii^sourl. 

Governor: I respectfully request that couipanies of militia be raised ])y volunteers 
from such classes as you deem best for service in each of the following counties: 

Mounted: One company for Warren and Montgomery; one company for Callawaj' 
and Audrain; one companj' for Boone; one company for Ralls, Monroe, and INIarion; 
■one company to be raised at Hannil)al; one comjiany for Howard; one company for 
Handolph; one company for Chariton; one com]iany for Carroll and Livingston, to 
be stationed in Carroll; one company for Ray and Caldwell, to be stationed in Ray; 
one company for Clay and Clinton, to be stationed in Clay; one company for Platte; 
•one company for Jackson; one company for La Fayette; one company for Saline; 
one company for Cooper and ^loniteau; one company for Osage and Maries; one 
company for Stoddard; one company for Johnson; one company for Pettis; one com- 
pany for Morgan; one company for Mississippi; one company for Scott; one com- 
pany for Perry, one company for New Madrid; one company for Cape Girardeau; 
one company for Sainte Genevieve. 

Infantry: One company for bridge on Pacific Railroad; one company for Imdge on 
Southwest Branch [Pacific] Railroad; one company for bridge on Iron INIountain 
Railroad; one company for bridge on North ]\Iissouri Railroad. 

As soon as raised to be turned over to the sulidistrict commanders for the respec- 
tive counties. I will order them subsisted as soon as they rendezvous. I most 
•earnestly request that none but experienced officers and also old soldiers be placed at 
the head of these organizations — men who will enforce orders and maintain strict 
■discipline. The Government will issue clothing, forage, arms, and equipments ( when 
the State has not sufficient arms and equipments to sup^ily them, already issueci to 
the Enrolled ?tIissouri ^Militia) upon proper requisitions. I deem it important that 
this force be put in the fiel<l within the next thirty days. 

I am, governor, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

G. M. Dodge, 
, 3Iajor- General. 

[Ibid., p. 620.] 

Governor Fletcher promptly responded to this request by the issue 
of General Orders. No. 3, from State headquarters, dated January 30, 
1865, of ^vhich the following is a cop}': 

General Orders, "| Headquarters State of Missouri, 

> Ad.jutant-General's Office, 

. No. 3. J St. Louis, January 30, 1865. 

1. At the request of Maj. Gen. G. M. Dodge, commanding Department of the 
INIissouri, and for the purpose of repressing lawlessness and to secure safety of life 
and property to all good citizens, and to strengthen the hands of legal justice, by 
enabling the officers of the law to execute its processes and judgments, it is ordered 
that the following companies of militia l)e raised by volunteering for a term of serv- 
ice not to exceed one year. 

TO be MOUNTEDt 

One company for Warren and Montgomery; 1 company for Callaway and Audrain; 
1 company for Boone; 1 company for Ralls, Monroe, and jNIarion, to be raised at 
Hannibal; 1 company for Howard; 1 company for Randolph; 1 company for Cliari- 
ton; 1 comi^any for Carroll and Livingston, to lie stationed in Carroll; 1 I'ompany for 
Ray and Caldwell, to l)e stationed in Ray; 1 company for Clay and Clinton, to be 
stationed in Clay; 1 company for Platte; 1 company for Jackson; 1 comjiany for 
La Fayette; 1 company forSaUne; 1 company for Cooper and 3Ioniteau; 1 company 
for Osage and INIaries; 1 company for Stoddard; 1 company for Johnson; 1 company 
for Pettis; 1 company for jNIorgan; 1 company for Mississippi; 1 company for Scott 
1 company for Perry; 1 company for New JMadrid. 



94 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION, 

IXFAXTRY. • 

One company for Ca]ie Girardeau; 1 company for Sainte Genevieve; 1 company for 
bridge? on Pacific Railroa<l; 1 company for I)ri(l<):ef^ on Southwestern Pacific Rail- 
road; 1 company for l)rid.ires on North Mi^pouri Railroad. 

II. These companies will be turned over to the United States subdistrict com- 
manders for their respective counties, as soon as they are fully organized. They will 
be clothed and sul)sisted V)y the General (Tovernment, and armed, equipped, and 
paid by the State, as ])rovided in the new mihtia Ijill, but in case the State is 
unable to supjily snfticient arms and equijiments, they will then l»e furnished ])y the 
United States on proper requisitif)n. As soon as the troops are in the rendezvous, 
orders will be issued by the department commander for their subsistence. 

III. It is desired thai the officers to be appointed to command this force should 
be men who have had experience in the field; and all applications for authority ta 
raise said companies and for commissions in the same w"i]l be made through the 
department commander, forwarded through headquarters of district and subdistrict 
commanders, and upon his approval authority will be granted and commissions will 
be issued. 

IV. The companies will consist of not less than the minimum number of officers, 
noncommissioned officers, and privates as provided by regulations for like organiza- 
tions in the United States service; and not more than the maximum thereof, viz: 

One captain, 1 first lieutenant, 1 second lieutenant, 5 sergeants, 8 corporals, 1 
wagoner, 2 musicians, 64 privates minimum, 82 privates maximum. 

The necessities of the service require that the companies should be placed in the 
field at an early date — the time thereof for their completion is limited to the 28th 
proximo. 

By order of the Commander in Chief: 

Samuel P. Simpson, AdjuUnit-General. 

[Annual Report Adjutant-General of Missouri, 1865, p. 53.] 

It will be observed that the forecroing order provided for the organ- 
ization of two companies less than the nuni])er requested by General 
Dodg'e, but as the muster out of the Missouri State Militia progressed 
and additional companies were found necessary, authorit}' for their 
recruitment was given. 

Notwithstanding that they were militia of the State of. Missouri, 
the recruitment and organization of these companies were placed in 
the hands of United States officers. This was done in general orders 
from headquarters of the Department of the Missouri, dated Fe])ruary 
1, 1805, of which the following is a copy: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

No. 28. i St. Louis, Mo., February 1, 1865; 

District or subdistrict commanders will detail a line officer to take charge of the 
recruiting of eac^h of the companies called for by Governor Thomas C. Fletcher, in 
General Orders, No. 3, from headquarters State of Missouri (Adjutant-General's 
Office) for the respective counties in their commands. 

Officers most noted for efficiency and good disciphne will be selected for this duty. 
They will remain in charge until they are relieved by officers commissioned by the 
governor to command these conqianies, and great effort will be made by them to 
fill the comjianics immediately, and to secure in them the services of as many hon- 
orably discharged soldiers from ITnited Stales A'olunteers and Missouri State Militia 
wlio iiave seen actual service, as possil)le. 

The commissary dejjartment will, upon proper re(iuisitions, issue rations to men 
recruited for these companies. As soon as sworn into the service by officers desig- 
nated 1)y district connuanders, they will be furnished clothing and such other arti- 
cles as are allowed by the (piartermaster's flepartment. 

Requisitions for arms ami t'(|ui|)ments will be made upon the State authorities, 
wlio, when they have them in store, or in the hands of the Enrolled ^lissouri Militia, 
will supply them. When they can not meet these requisitions they will so indorse 
ui)oii them, and the ordnance ofiicer of the district or (lei»artmeut will fill the requi- 
sition from arms and equipn)ents turned over by the Missouri State .Militia whose 
term of service has expire<i. 



MISSOUKI MILITIA, GENERAL ORDERS, NO. 3, 1865. 95 

As soon as a sufficient number of men are recruited for a company to entitle them 
to a commissioned officer, as provided by General Orders, No. 61, War Department 
(Adjutant-General's Office), series of 1861, they will be placed on duty. 

Commanding officers of these companies A\'ill make, through subdistrict com- 
manders, all reports required by Army Regulations and existing orders. 

These companies will act solely under the orders of subdistrict, district, or depart- 
ment commanders, as the exigencies of the service may recjuire, and their officers 
will be held to a strict personal accountability for the discipline, drill, and efficiency 
of the men, and for unauthorized depredations of any kind counnitted by them. 

All efficient officers of United States Volunteers or 3Iissouri State ]\Iilitia whose 
term of service is expiring or who have been honorably discharged or mustered out, 
and who desire connnissions in these comjianies, will make immediate ai)plication 
therefor through the j^roper channels, and subdistrict and district commanders will 
indorse their approval or disapproval, from their knowledge or information, stating 
the services of the applicant, his (lualifications, and alnlity to command implicit 
obedience from his men, and the reputation of his former company for discipline. 
The indorsement of the district inspector as to the latter, if the applicant has served 
in the district, will be required. 

District and subdistrict commanders have control of the organization of these 
com])anies, and will give them proper attention and see that they are placed upon 
an efficient footing in all respects. 

Bv command of Major-General Dodge: 

J. W. Barnes, 
Assistant Adjutant- General. 

On February 5, 1865, instructions were given to the coninianding- 
officer of the District of Rolla as follows: 

Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

St. Louh, February 5, 1865. 
Commanding Officer District of Rolla, Mo. 

Sir: Your attention is called to the orders of the governor of the State and from 
these headquarters in relation to raising volunteer militia for service in certain 
counties. In recommending officers great care must be observed and none recom- 
mended except they are of good character, habits, etc., and good disciplinarians. 
The frequent unauthorized depredations committed by troops must 1)e stopped, and 
in the organization of these companies we must put men at the head of them who 
can and will control their men. Officers will be held strictly accountable for all 
unauthorized depredations committed by their men, no matter upon whom com- 
mitted. If you have good officers under you in the Missouri State ]Militia whose 
term of service is about expiring, and who desire to take conunand in some of these 
companies, they can be assigned to duty in recruiting them, and applications can be 
made for their commissions. Old soldiers will, as far as possible, be selected in 
recommending for commissions. The men as fast as recruited will be rendezvoused 
at such point in the county as you may designate. They will be armed as pro- 
vided in General Orders, No. 28, current series, from these headquarters. All their 
spare time will be occupied in drilling and perfecting themselves as soldiers. You 
will report weekly the progress made in the district and subdistricts in organizing 
these companies. 

By command of IMajor-General Dodge: 

J. W. Barnes, 
AssUtaM A djutant- General. 

[Official records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XLVIII, 
Part I, p. 750.] 

It will be observ^ed that these companies were organized for active 
service, under United States officers, "'for the jjurpose of repressing 
lawlessness and to secure safety of life and propertv to all good citi- 
zens, and to strengthen the hands of legal justice by enabling the offi- 
cers of the law to execute its processes and judgments,'' that they 
were to be clothed and subsisted by the General Government and 
armed, equipped, and paid by the State, any deficiency in arms or 
equipments to be supplied by the United States; and that their officers 



96 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

were to be eoniini.ssioned by the g'overnor of the State upon the recom- 
mendation of the commanding general of the Department of the 
Missouri. 

Detailed reports of their operations are lacking, but it is known 
.that the}" remained on dut}" from the time of their organization until 
relieved, in June and July, 1865, under orders from the department 
commander, and, as reported by the adjutant-general of the State 
(annual report of 1865, p. 700), '' they were generally engaged in 
guarding posts and lines of communication, doing escort duty and 
hunting guerrillas and bushwhackers." The\^ are, according to the 
same authority, "deserving of the thanks of all well-disposed and 
Jo^'al citizens for their prompt suppression of lawlessness which had 
been so fearfully prevalent throughout the State." 

The status of these troops was that of militia of the State of Mis- 
souri, which, though serving under United States officers, was not 
.accepted into the militar}" service of the United States. The State 
was reimbursed under the act of April 17, 1866 (11 Stat. L.,p. 38), 
ior the expenses incurred in their organization and service. 

The adjutant-general of the State reports that fifty-eight companies 
were "placed in the field," but upon investigation sixty-one companies 
liave been identified as having had an organized existence under the pro- 
visions of State General Orders, No. 3 "and the extensions thereof." 



MISSOURI MLLITIA, ORGANIZED UNDER AN ORDI- 
NANCE OF THE STATE CONVENTION, DATED 
APRIL 8, 18C.J. 



The Missouri militia act of February 10, 1865, requii-ed an imme- 
diate enrollment of all of the militia of the State, and an ordinance of 
the State convention, adopted April 8, 18()."», required that as soon as 
enrolled the militia should ))e organized into *" };latooi..s, companies, 
regiments, and brigades."" 

The work of organization was prosecuted with such success that at 
the close of the j^ear 1805 there Avere organized or in process of organ- 
ization eightA^-four regiments and six battalions. It does not appear, 
however, that any portion of this militia force was called into active 
service, either of the State or the United States, during the civil war. 

S. Doc. 412 7 97 



UNITED STATES RESERVE CORPS, THREE MONTHS' 

SERVICE. 



On April 8<). 1S()1. while (Japtain Lyon was ongaged in the organi- 
zation of the Missouri militia under the President's eall of April 15, 
18()1, he was directed l\v the President to enroll in the military service 
of the United States the loyal citizens of St. Louis and vicinity, not 
exceeding, with those );efore enlisted, 10,000 men. for the purpose of 
maintaining the authority of the United States and for the protection 
of the peaceable inhal>itants of the State of Missouri, and, if necessary, 
'to proclaim martial law in the city of St, Louis. This additional force 
was to ))e discharged, in whole or in part, as soon as there should 
appear to Captain Lyon and his advisers to be no danger of an attempt 
of the enemy to take possession of the cit}' of St. Louis, or to put the 
city under the control of a combination hostile to the (lovernment of 
the United States. Following is a co]\v of his instructions: 

War Department, April 30, 186 1. 
Capt. Nathaniel Lyon, 

Commandhig JkiKirlment of tlic WiM. 

Sir: The President of the United States directs that yon enroll in the military serv- 
ice of the United States the loyal citizens of St. Lonis and vicinity, not exceedintr, 
■svith those heretofore enlisted, 10,000 in mnnber, for the purpose of inaintainiivj: the 
autiiority of the United States; for the protection of the pi'aceahle inhabitant- of 
Missouri; and you will, if deemed necessary for tliat ]Mir])ose l>y yourself and by 
Messrs. Oliver T. Filly, John How, James O. Ilroadhead, Samuel T. Glover, J. Wilzie, 
and Francis P. Blair, jr., proclaim martial law in the city ui St. Uouis. 

Tiie additional force hereby authorized shall ])e discharued, in part or in wlmle, if 
enlisteil, as soon as it api)ears to you and the gentlemen aI)ove named that there is 
no danger of an attempt on the part of the enemies of the Government to take mili- 
tary possession of the city of St. Louis, or put the city in the control of a combina- 
tion against the (Tovernment of the United States; and while sucli additional force 
remains in the service the same shall be governed by the Rules and Articles of War, 
and such special regulations as you may prescribe. 1 shall like the force heretofore 
directe<I to be enrolle<l to l)e under your conunand. 

The arms and other military stores in the St. Louis Arsenal not needed for the 
forces oi the ITnited States in Missouri must be removed to Springfield, or some other 
safe place of deposit in the State of Illinois, as speedily as i)ractical)le, by the ordnance 
olhcer in charge at St. Louis. 

[IiidorscMiii'iits.] 

It is revolutionary times and therefore I do not object to the irregularity of this. 

W. S. [WiNFiKi.D Scott.] 
.\pprove<l, April .'W, IStJl. 

A. Lincoln. 
Uoloiu'l Thomas will make this order. 

Si.MON Cameron, Senrelory of War. 

[Otlicial Records of the Union an<l Confederate Armies, Series I, VoL I, p. 675.] 

98 



U. S. RESERVE CORPS, THREE MONTHS' SERVICE. 99 

Under this authority Captain Lyon at once proceeded to the oroani- 
zation of the military force designated by him the I'nited States 
Reserv^e Corps, ^Missouri Vohinteers. This force, consisting of tive 
regiments of infantry and one company of cavalry, was completed 
within a few days and was mustered into the military service of the 
United States to serve three months. The company and regimental 
officers were elected and were mustered into service without com- 
missions. Capt. T. W. Sweeny, Second United States Infantry, was 
elected brigadier-general, and on May 20, IStJl, was assigned to the 
command of the brigade in an order of which the following is a copy: 

Special Orders, \ HEADciCARTKRs Department of the West, 

No. 62. j *Sy. Louis, 3fo., May :?0, 1861. 

Capt. T. W. Sweeny, Second Infantry, is assigned to the connnand of the United 
States Reserve Corps raised in the city of St. Louis, to wliich corjis the company (jf 
recruits now under the charge of Captain Sweeny is attached for guard chity. 
By order of Brigadier-General Harney: 

S. Williams, Asfiistaut AdjuUmt-Gewral. 

[Book No. 87, Departments of the West and Western, p. 29B.] 

Captain Sweeny assumed command of the United States Reserve 
Corps on May 22, 1861, and on May 2S, 1861, he announced the officers 
of his start'. On flune 1, 1861, General Lyon reported to the War 
Department as follows: 

St. Louls Arsenal, June 1, 1S61. 
Brig. Gen. L. Thomas, 

Adjutant-General, Wash ingtou. 
Sir: On the 15th ultimo I had the honor to inclose to you an official copy of an order 
issued by me, announcing my appointment of several officers upon the volunteer 
brigade staff of the First Brigade, Alissouri Three Months' Vokiiiteer.-!, which api>oint- 
ments, in theal)sence of instructions upon the subject, were made by me in accord- 
ance with the laws of the State of Missouri, and referred to the Department for its 
action. 

I have now the honor to inclose an order issued by Capt. T. W. Sweeny, Second 
Infantry, under similar circumstances, he having been elected brigadier-general of 
the I'nited States Reserve Corps of Missouri Volunteers and assigned to that com- 
mand by Brigadier-General Harney, late commander of the Department of the West, 
as heretofore reported. 

I would resjiectfully remark, in connection with this subject, that these officers 
would have been commissioned by the governor of this State under these appoint- 
ments and with the rank by them fixed had he been loyal enough to call for volun- 
teers under the first proclamation of the President, and that in my action in the 
l)remises I desired to give them the same positions, respectively, which they would 
have held had the call been made by the governor, supposing that this action would 
be acceptable to the General Government. 

I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

N. Lyon, 
Brigadier-General of Volunteers, Conimanding. 

[Inclosurc] 

Special Orders, \ Headquarters Brigade, U. S. R. C, 

No. 13. f St. Louis, Mag 28, 1861. 

The following appointments are herel)y made on the brigade staff of the L'^nited 
States Reserve Corps, viz: 

Assistant adjutant-general, Lieut. Col. Josiah W. Bissell; quartermaster, Maj. 
James O. Broadhead; paymaster, ]Maj. J. K. Mills; commissary, Maj. Nathaniel 
Constable; aide-de-camp, 3Iaj. Thomas Burgh. 

T. W. Sweeny, 
Captain, Second Infantry, Commanding U. S. R. C. 
[137 L., A. G. O., 1861.] 

The United States Reserve Corps, including the brigadier-general 
and staff, was mustered into the United States service as militia under 



100 MISSOURI TROOPS — UNION. 

the President's call of April 15, 1861, and was credited ])y the War 
Department to the State of Missouri under that call. In 1897 the 
question as to the status of these troops being under consideration, it 
was decided bv the Assistant Secretary' of War that they, including 
the officers of ail grades, must be considered to have been State 
militia called into the service of the United States by the President, 
and that the officers are entitled to the same recognition that they 
would have been entitled to receive if the}" had ))een appointed and 
commissioned by the governor of the State. (R. & P., 150(581),) 

The Three Months' Militia of 1861. treated in this paper under a 
separate head, and the United States Reserve Corps (three months' 
service), combined, represent a militia force of more than lt),(>oO men 
furnished bv the State of Missouri under the President's call of April 
15. 1861. 

There is nothing in the muster-in rolls of the United States Reserve 
Corps showing any conditions as to the locality of their service, but it 
was reported by General Lyon that ''they were sworn into service 
upon the condition that they were not to be called upon to perform 
duty outside of the county" of St. Louis. (127 L., A. G. O., 1861.) 
Many of them were, with their own consent, employed upon active 
service in the field, but their efficiencv as a corps was seriously 
impaired by the condition under which they were received into the 
service. This fact was illustrated l)v an official of the Missouri militia 
by the remark: ''The n)en have false notions about discipline and 
subordination, thinking that, as they are privileged soldiers, as well as 
substantial men of families, the}" have the, right to determine bv vote 
what they shall do." (R. and P., 163868.) 

In the reorganization of the corps for the three years' service it was 
sought by General Lyon to avoid any limitation as to the district in 
which it should serve; with what success will be seen in the chapter of 
this paper devoted to the Ignited States Reserve Corps, Three Years' 
Service. 

The United States Reserve Corps organized for three months' service 
consisted of one company of cavalry and live regiments of infantry. 



UNITED STATES RESERVE CORPS, THREE YEARS' 

SERVICE. 



As has been seen in the preceding- chapter, the United States Reserve 
Corps, consisting- of live regiments of infantry and a company of cav- 
alry; wa«s organized by Capt. (subsequently Brig. Gen.) Nathaniel 
Lyon, at St. Louis, Mo., during the month of May, 18(31, to serve for 
the period of three months. It was a force of Missouri militia, 
enrolled for service in the neighborhood of St. Louis. The original 
authority for its acceptance into the three years' service has not been 
discovered, but that such authority was g-iyen b}^ the War Department 
is shown in a letter addressed by the Secretary of War to General 
Lyon, under date of June T, 1861, as follows: 

War Department, Washington, June 7, 1861. 
Brig. (Jen. N. Lyox, 

(.'ommanding MIfisouri Volunteers, St. Louis. 
Oeneral: You are directed to muster in for the war the regiment known as the 
"American Zouaves," Morgan L. Smith, colonel. 

In explanation of orders heretofore given it is proper to say that it was intended 
to allow all the men already in service in ^Missouri to be mustered in for the war, or 
others to be received in lieu of them for that term. 

SiMOX Cameron. 
[50a W., A. (t. 0.,1861.] 

That it was not the intention of General Lyon that the reorganized 
force should be limited as to the locality of its service is show^n ]\v an 
order issued by him under date of July 1(), 1861, of which the follow- 
ing is a copv: 

Special Orders, \ Headquarter!? Army of the West, 

No. 19. j Springfield, Mo., July 16, 1861. 

None of the regiments of United States Reserve Corps, in the city of St. Louis, 
will be retained in the service as such beyond their present three montlis' term, 
unless it shall be al)S()lutely necessary for the defense of the city pending the organ- 
ization of the three years' volunteers authorized l\v the Government. 

Th(^se regiments of the Reserve Corps that desire to reorganize for the long term of 
service must do so without limitation as to the district in which they are to serve. 

By order of General Lyon: 

J. M. ScnOFIELD, 
Assistant Adjutant-General. 
[Book No. 9, Department of the West, p. 42.] 

On August 12, 1861, specific instructions for the reorganization of 
the I/nited States Reserve Corps were given by ^Major-General Fremont, 
who had l)een assigned to the connnand of the Western Department. 
These instructions contemplated the organization of 5 regiments of 
infantry with a reserve of 2 companies to each. 2 squadrons of cavalry, 
and 2 batteries of light artillery, the whole force to be subject to the same 
regulations and to receive the same pay as other volunteers, except the 

101 



102 MISSOURI TROOPS — UNION. 

reserve companies, which were to receive pay only when called into 
actual service. The full text of the instructions is as follows: 

HE.\D(iUAUTKRS AVeSTERX DePAKTMEXT, 

St. Louis, Mo., Avgmt 12, 1861. 
Col. J. McNeil, 

United Stat ea Reserve CorpK, St. Loiti.^. 

Sir: Inasmuch as the term of the several regiments of the I'nited States JReserve 
Corps in St. Louis has expired, or in a few days will expire, and the men be paid off, 
and as the present state of political affairs in Mi.ssouri, as well as the movements an<l 
designs of the enemy, will not permit their being permanently disbanded, I have 
determined, in order to promote the common welfare and protect public and private 
property, to have them forthwith reorganized. 

The new organization will comprise 5 regiments of infantry with a reserve of 2 
companies to each, 2 squadrons of cavalry, and 2 batteries of light artillery. 

The troops will l)e required to enlist for the war, unless sooner discharged, and 
will (except the reserve companies) l)e subject to the same regulations and receive 
continuously the same pay as the volunteer regiments. 

The reserve companies will be reijuired to replace the Home Cuard regiments, 
should the latter for any cause l)e called to other counties of this Stat^, and will 
receive the regular pay of volunteers for such actual service. When not in service 
the reserve companies will be under more liberal regulations; they will not be 
obliged to perform guard duty, and their hours of drilling will, so far as possible, be 
made to conform to their peculiar public and private jiosition. 

In order to accomplish, without delay, this urgent reorganization of the Home 
Guard of the city of St. Louis, you are herel)y directed to assemble your regiment at 
their headquarters, and ascertain from each man under your command whether he 
would prefer to continue in the regiment, or to join the cavalry or artillery, or serve 
only in the reserve for the above-mentioned peculiar emergencies. 

After ascertaining in this way the wishes of the men you will procee<l immediately 
to the reorganization of the infantry regiments. 

The companies will in the lirst place elect their company officers, who will there- 
upon nominate their field officers and sul)mit their names for approval to the general 
commanding the department. 

The colonels,, when accepted, will nominate a brigadier and submit his name in 
like manner for api)roval. After his appointment a brigadier inspector will be 
selected by the general commanding. 

The officers of the regiment having l)een decided upon, the reorganization of the 
regiment, and, if possil)le, also that of the reserve companies should be immediately 
completed and the returns submitted to this department. 

You will connnunicate this order to all the members of your regiment and pro- 
ceed with the execution of it until the election and ai)proval of a colonel, who will, 
immeiliately after his apiwintment, report himself with his officers to these head- 
quarters, when the regiment will be uniformetl, armed, equipped, and provideil with 
everytiiing necessary for actual service and at the same time with special instrncti(ms 
for drill and discipline. 

The rolls of those men who should prefer to join the cavalry or artillery you will 
also submit as early as possible, with tlie officers suggested, to these headcjuarters. 

Should any deliciency exist this department will sujiply all the different com- 
panies with efficient officers and complete tiieir orgaiiiz;ition. 

As it is my design to have in each regiment one company of shariishooters and 
one company of ])ioneers, all tlie best marksmen should be concentrated in one com- 
pany and ali the best mechanics in another, under officers l)est adapted to the com- 
mand of those comjianies. 

J. C. Fre.mont, 
Mdjor-dnti ml, ( 'oinmitnding. 

[Book No. 8, Department of the West, pp. 351-853.] 

There appears to Ik' nothing in these instructions limiting- the field 
of service of any l)ut the ''reserve companies." and as those companies 
were doubtle.ss classed as Home (xuards and paid throuoh the agency 
of the ''Hawkins Taylor Connnission" for such acti\e service, if any, 
as was rendered hy tiiem (see Home (niards of ISGI) they need not i)e 
further considered. 

Under the orders of General Fi-eniont 1 battalion of cavalry. 1 
regiment of artillery, consisting of l:^ companies of heavy artillery 
and 3 light batteries, 5 regiments of infantry — 3 of them incomplete — 



U. S. RESERVE CORPS, THREE YEARS' SERVICE. 103 

3 battalions of infantry, and 2 independent companies of infantry 
were organized and mustered into the United States service for the 
period of three years. 

There is nothing in the muster-in rolls of these troops to show any 
conditions as to the locality of their service, but it was understood by 
the men that they were mustered in for service only in the State of 
Missouri. The disastrous results of this understanding will be shown 
in the following pages. 

On October 2.5, 1861, the Adjutant-General of the Army addressed 
to the Paymaster-General a letter advising him that ])odies of ti'oops 
were being formed in and about St. Louis, which, under the name of 
Home Guards. Reserve Corps, and other appellations, were being mus- 
tered into the service of the United States for duty only in limited 
localities, or upon certain contingencies, that such organizations Avere 
entirely without authority, and that an}^ payments made to them would 
not ))e sanctioned by the Government. 

On November 2, 1861, General Fremont was relieved of the com- 
mand of the Western Department, and on the 9th of the same month 
Major-General Halleck was assigned to the command of the newly 
created Departtnent of the Missouri. On the 11th of November, 1861, 
Major-General McClellan, commanding the Army, addressed to Major- 
General Halleck a letter of instructions in which he said: 

Headquarters of the Army, 
Wa.ihing(on, I). C, November 11, 1861. 
:\rai. Gen. H. W. Halleck, U. S. A., 

Coininaiidlnfj Department of the Mwonri. 
General: In assigning you to the oommand of the Department of the Missouri, it 
is proljably unnecessary for nie to state that I have intrusted to you a duty which 
recjuires the utmost tact and decision. You have not merely the ordinary chities of 
a military commander to perform, but the far more difficult task of reducing chaos to 
order. 

■?!■ ***** * 

You will jjU-ase examine into the le^^ality of the organization of the troops serving 
in the de])artment. When you find any illegal, unusual, or improper organizations 
you will give to the officers and men an opportimity to enter the legal military 
estaV)lishment umler general laws and orders from the War ])epartment, reporting 
in full to these lieadquarters any officer or organization that may decline. 

* ***** * 

I am, general, etc., 

Geo. B. McClellan, 
Md'ior-neneral, Commanding U. S. Armij. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. IH, j). 568.] 

General Halleck assumed command of the Department of the 
Missouri on the ll'th of November, 1861, and on the -Ith of Decem))er 
he issued a general order (No. 14) in which ho called upon company 
and regimental commanders for certified copies of the nuist(>r-in rolls 
of their respective commands, "with a view to a systematic organiza- 
tion'' of the forces of the department, and on December !», 1861, he 
published the following general order: 

General Orders, \ HEArxjUARTEus Department of the Missouri, 

No. 21. / ,S7. Louis, December 9, 1S61. 

1. The following letter, having been l)ronght to the notice of the major-general 
commanding this department, is published for the information of all concerned, viz: 

"Adjutant-(teneral's Office, 

''Washi Ill/foil, October 2.5, ISGl. 
"Sir: Information having been received that bodies of troops are being formed in 
and about St. Louis, Mo., which, under the name of Home Guards, Reserve Corps, 



104 MISSOURI TROOPS UXION. 

and other appelliitioiis, are heinj; mustered into the service of the United States for 
duty only in Hniited locaUties, or upon certain (contingencies, yon are hereby cau- 
tioned tiiat sucli orjianization.s are entirely witlntut authority, and that no payments 
made to them will be sanctioned by the (iovernment. 
"I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

"L. Thomas, 

''^ Adjiitant-denertiL 
"The P.vv>r.vsTER-(4KNEHAi., Wdxlinifiton, J). C." 

Otficers appointed from these head(}uarters to muster troops are authorizeil to 
muster or remuster into the service of the United States all such l)odies of troops 
for three years or (hiring the war, nidess sooner discharged, as directed by the act 
of Congress on the su))ject, provided their plan of organization conforms to the orders 
of the War Department, including in the muster or reumster so made the period 
during which the bodies of troops above referred to have been in actual service. 
******* 

By order of 3Iajor-General Halleck: 

J. C. Keltox, 

Assistant Adjutant-General . 

It does not appear that an}" of the Reserve Corps organizations were 
mustered or reniustered under the provisions of the order quoted 
above, l)ut the announcement that such troops were not to be recog- 
nized as entitled to pay created great dissatisfaction. 

On the 12th of Deceml)er. iSol, Brig. Gen. Alexander As])oth. com- 
manding the division in which two of the regiments were serving, 
addressed to the connuanding general a letter, of which the following 
is a copy : 

Headqi'akteks FoiRTH Division, 
Vamp JIaUcrk; near Holla, December 12, 1861. 
Assistant Au.n t^xt General, 

Department of the Missouri. 
Sir: I herewith inclose, in connection with my telegram of to-day to the com- 
manding general, the order for the reorganization of the " Reserve C'orps " regiments, 
issued on the 12th day of August, 1861, from the headcjuarters of the Western 
Dei>artment. 

The order sliows that the regiments were organize<l and i)uistere<l into the service, 
subject to the same regulations and to receive the same ])ay as volunteer regiments. 
The organization ]M-escri))ed a reserve of two com))anies to each regiment, an<l these 
reserve (■om))anies alone retained any of the [irivileges as to time and place of sei'vice 
pi'culiar to the Home Guards, leaving the regiments entirely of the character of 
volunteer trooj)s. 

Two of these regiments, the First and Second, entered upon and performed during 
the last three months the actual duties of the past cam])aign in the Fourth Division 
under my conunand, endured all the i)rivations arising from a deficiency of means of 
transportation, lack of ])rovisions and clothing, never having received pay, and now, 
entirely without money, having nearly all families dependent ui)on them in St. Louis, 
the announcement tliat they are not to be recognized as entitled to any payment has 
driven them to the verge of a nnitiny, demanding the i)rompt action of tlii' dej.art- 
ment. 

I would therefore respectfully ask either tliat the paymaster be instructed to i)ay 
them e(|ually with the other volunteer tioops or for orders relieving them altogether 
from duty and giving them permission to return home to the support of their 
families. 

I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, 

[Alexander] Asroth, 
Ar-tiiir/ Maj<>r-< loicral, ComiiKDidinr/ Fotirtli Dirisio}i. 

[A. i;;. Department of the :^Iissouri, 1S61.] 

Under dale of l)oc(Miit)cr 14. 1S61. r>rig. (icn. J. M. Schofield. com- 
manding th(^ Missouri Stiite Militia. :i(l(lr(>ss(Ml to the department head- 
(juarters a hotter on the same subject, in which i)e said: 



U. S. RESERVE CORPS, THREE YEARS' SERVICE. 105 

Headql'akteks Missoi'Ki State ^Iii.itia, 

>S'/. Loitls, Dnrriiher 14, 1861. 
Col. J. C. Keltox, 

Assi><iant Adjutant-iunwral, Dejiartment of the Mismuri. 

Coi.oxel: I respectfully ask the attention of the major-general eonuaandinji to the 
condition of the "Reserve Corps" regiments now in service. 

The effect of the letter of the Adjutant-General of the Army, jiublislied in General 
Orders, No. 21, head(|uarters Department of the Missouri, has l)een to convince the 
men serving in the Reserve Cor{)s regiments that they are not recognized as United 
States soldiers by the Government, are not regarded as entitled to any })ay for past 
services, and, in short, while they have faithfully performed their part of the agree- 
inent under which they are serving the Government repudiates its part of the con- 
tract, though made by the major-general conmianding this department. 

It must be admitted that this is a legitimate inference from the letter referred to, 
and I am informed by the Dtlicers of some of these regiments that unless something 
is done atont-e to remove this im])ression it will be impossible longer to restrain their 
men aiid that they will disl)an(l and go home. 

They have seen other troops who have been serving with them in the field paid 
and they passed by, with a statement to the effect that they need never expect any 
I)ay for their service, either past or future, unless they accept the conditions of Gen- 
eral Orders, No. 21. This the great l>ody of them are unwilling to ilo. 

Altliough their muster-in rolls contain no qualification as to service in or out of 
this State they were organized under written authority from ]\Iajor-(ieneral Fremont 
containing the condition that they were to serve in the State, and the meii were 
enlisted and "sworn in" under this condition. Very naturally they are imwilling to 
serve any longer withont some assurance that this condition will i)e comj>lied with 
and that they will at some time be paid for their services. 

I am informed that the men of these regiments almost unanimously desire to join 
the State militia. 

The conditions of this service being i)recisely the same as that to which they are 
pledged, it has occurred to me that tlie general commanding might have the ])Ower 
to transfer these regiments as they now exi;-t to tlie State service; or, if necessary, 
an order to this effect niiglit l)e obtained from the War Department. 

If this can 1)e done, it will be the simplest and most satisfactory method of settling 
the question of their future condition and avoid the loss of the services of these regi- 
ments during reorganization. 

If this transfer can not be made, 1 respectfully suggest the i)ropriety of imme- 
diately mustering these regiments out of service. 

Tliere are in various parts of the State large lunnbers of men organized as "Home 
Guards" and "Reserve Corps" who wish to enter the State service if tiiey can be 
officially released from their obligations to the United States in such a manner as to 
preserve some legal evidence of their iiast services whereby they niay hope to ol)tain 
pay for tlieir services at some future time. 

it seems to me desirable to bring fiiese irregular bodies of men under one or the 
other of the regtilar organizations as ()uickly as possible. Many of the men wish to 
enlist in the United States Volunteers, while many prefer to serve in the militia, Init 
they will do neither until some official record is made of their past services. 
I am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

J. M. ScnoPiELD, 
llrif/i((lier- Goirral, (_ 'omiiiandhig Missouri Militia. 

[S. 1315, V. S., 18(i2.] 

A letter was also addressed to department head([uarters hy General 
Asboth, under date of Deceml)er 14. 1861, as follows: 

IlEADCiCARTEKS Foi'KTII DIVISION, 

Camp Ilalleck, near RoUa, Deremher 14, 1861. 

A SSISTANT A D.I CTA XT-( i EX ER AL, 

I)e]iartiiient vf the Missouri. 

Silt: Although the ])ayment of the regiments iiere has Ix-en already commeiu'ed 
and decisive directions have been es})ecially given, as I am informed, to the pay- 
masters for the payment of Wright's cavalry Ijattalion and Boyd's infantry regi- 
ment (both originally Home (luard organizations), no orders have been received by 
the ])aymasters to disburse the sums due the two reser\e volunteer regiments, of 
which I the day Ijefore yesterday reported l)y telegraph ami mail. 

In order, therefore, to remove as soon as possil^le the difficulties in which the men 



106 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

here of these regiments and tlicir families at St. Louis are involved, I beg leave to 
have laid before the commanding: general more fully, through Ac-ting Brigacber-Gen- 
eral Albert, to whose bri^rade they belong, the imi)ortance of an immediate order to 
the paymasters in accordance with the telegram issued to me the day before yester- 
dav from headquarters. 

Have the kindness to secure Colonel Albert an early interview with the command- 
ing general. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

[Alexanokr] Asboth, 
Acting Major-denend, Command'nui Fourth Dlfiaion. 

(A. 49, Department of the Missouri, 1861.) 

Apparenth' as a re.sult of these representations. Major-General Hal- 
leck issued an order in which he directed that all corps reg-ularly mus- 
tered into service for three years, with a legal organization, including 
the United States Reserve Corps, should be paid for past services 
actually rendered l)y them, and that irregular organizations mustered 
in with an unauthorized limitation as to place of service should be 
allowed the option of being regularl}^ mustered into service for three 
years or during the war, with pay for past service, or of being- mus- 
tered out with pa}^ onh^ for the period of actual service in Missouri 
away from their homes. Following is a copy of the order: 

General Ordeks, \ Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

No. 25. j St. Louis, Dt'cemher 14, IS'U. 

■.k ->;- ***** 

II. All corps regularly mustered into the service of the United States for three 
years or during the war, unless sooner cbscharged, in accordance with General 
Orders of the \Var Department, current series. No. 15, plan of organization, and No. 
61, declaring when certain officers are to be mustered in, according to the nimd)er of 
men enrolled, and in case of cavalry regiments, with (ieneral Ordei's, No. 78, allowing 
o majors to a regiment when consisting of 12 companies, and 2 majors to a regiment 
of 8 or 10 companies, no matter what the descriptive designation, whether United 
States Reserve C(jrps or whatever it may l)e, will be paid to cover the period of past 
service actually rendered l)y them, and they will lie i)aid hereafter at the regular 
periodical musters until further orders. * * * 

III. Ibime Guards and other irregular organizations mustered in with an unau- 
thorized limitation as to plac-e of service, or in service witliout having been 
mustered in, will be allowed the option to be now regularly mii-tered in for three 
years or during the war, according to law aiKi regulations, to cover the full time of 
back service, so that they can be regularly paid and furnished with sujiplies, or to 
be mustered out of service and receive pay only for the period they "have done 
active service in Missouri away from their homes." 

* * * * * * * 

By order of Major-General Halleck: 

J. C. Kelton, 
Astiisiani Adjntnnt-Genernl. 

In a letter addressed to the Adjutant-General of the Army under 
date of December 13, 1861, General Halleck said of the United States 
Reserve Corps: 

There seems to have been some misapprehension at Washington in respect to the 
"Reserve Corps" and " Home (tuards." Tlie former, at least the regiment stationed 
in this city [St. Louis], are regularly mustered into service for three years without 
any limitation as to their place of service. They are regularly organized Missouri 
Volunteers and entitled to pay and allowances the same as any otiier volunteer. 
They will be paid accordingly. 

[Oliicial Records of the Union and Confetlerate Armies, Series I, Vol. VI 11, ]). 
434.] 



U. S. RESERVE CORPS, THREE YEARS' SERVICE. 107 

And in a letter addre.s.sed to Major-General McClellan, December 
19, 18<51, General Halleck said: 

HEADtiUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE ^NIliSSOURI, 

St. LoHis, Dixember 19, 1861. 
Maj. Gen. (teorge B. McCi-Ei.t.AN, 

<texeral IX Chief of the Army, 

W<(x}iington ('iti/. 
General: 

ii * -::- » * •» * 

I am progressing; slowly with the reorganization of the forces here. It is a most 
difficult task, increased by the injmlicious orders of the War Department and the 
jealousies of the governors of States. * * * The United States Reserve Corps, 
as they are called, are generally regularly organized ^Missouri Volunteers, mustered 
in for 'three years or the war," without "limitation as ti) place of service. The pay 
department has objected to pay these troops, on the ground that there was some out- 
side verbal or tacit understanding that they would not be ordered out of the State. 
I can not recognize any such unrecorded verbal understanding, and must be guided 
alone by the muster rolls, which are perfectly regular. Moreover, General Curtis 
informs'me that he refused to permit them to be mustered in with any reservation 
whatever. I have therefore ordered them, or rather all of them in actual service, to 
be paid on their muster rolls. They are not generally very efficient troops, and I 
purpose to disband a part of them as soon as I can do so with safety. 

**'•*«*♦ 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

H. W. Halleck, Majo'- General. 

[Ibid., p. 448.] 

The dissatisfaction and nuitinoiis spirit which had been manifested 
in the Reserve Corps regiments was not allayed by the pu])lication of 
General Orders, No. 25, quoted above, and on December IS, 1861, 
General Asboth addressed Major-General Halleck as follows: 

Headquarters Fourth Division, 
Camj) Halleck, near Roila, December IS, 1861. 
Assistant Ad.)utant-General, 

Ileadqaarteri^ Department of the MinMjiirt. 
Sir: Owing to the agitation in St. Louis, through the German papers, well calcu- 
lated to increase the dissatisfaction of the Reserve Corps Volunteer regiments despite 
the publication of General Orders No. 25, I have thought proper to issue the inclosed 
circular to the troops embodying the letter of the commanding general received 
to-day. 

I have been especially induced to this course by the interpretation which the 
commander of the First Reserve Corps Volunteers, Colonel Rombauer, insists upon 
ai)])]ying to the General Order above, claiming as he does an authority under it to 
nuistev his regiment out of the service. 

Majoi- Crane, the senior paymaster, has not yet received orders to pay those reg- 
iments and I have therefore again to trouble the commanding general to have them 
sent here through Colonel Andrews in accordance with General Orders, No. 25, which 
covers the whole case. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

[Alexander] Asboth, 
Acting Met jor- General, Commanding Fourth Dirision. 
[A 56, Department of the Missouri, 1861.] 

The circular referred to by General Asboth is as follows: 

Circular 1 Headquarters Fourth Division, 

Xo. 3. i Camj) Halleck, near Rolla, December 18, 1861. 

In answer to my report submitted to the general commanding Department of the 
Missouri, through Actg. Brig. (ien. Albert, soliciting an immediate order to the 



108 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

paymaster for the payment of the First and Second Reserve Corps Mi8trf)uri Vokm- 
teer refiinients, the commanding general himself writes as follows: 

"Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

''St. Louis, December 15, 1861. 
" General Asboth, 

" Camp near Holla. 
"General: Your letter of yesterday is received. You will find in General Orders, 
No. 25, of this department the substance of instructions previously issued to the 
chief of the pay dei)artnient for the payment of Reserve Corps and Home (niards. 
They are in accordance with instructions from ^^'ashington and will be complied 
with by all paymasters. 

"Fr(jbal)ly when your letter was wi-itten the instructions to Colonel Andrews had 
not I'eached Rolla. 

"But every delay in sending them will be remedied l)y the publication of Orders, 
No. 25. Everything will be done to have the troops paid as soon as possible. 
" Very respectfully, 

" H. W. HAhLBCK, Major- General." 

In the General Orders, No. 25, I see a full guaranty for the payment of the regiments 
in question, and if any doubt were left the commanding general's above explanation 
entirely dispels it. 

To [)revent, therefure, any misrepresentation or misapprehension I deem it proper 
to acquaint all the commands of my division and especially the memlx'rs of the two 
regiments named with the autograph letter of the general connnanding and its satis- 
factory contents. 

Connnanders will publish this circular in full to officers and men. 

[Alexander] Asboth, 
AdiiKj Mujor-deiieral, ('omnia tiding Fourth Division. 

[Ibid.] 

Further information with reo'urd to the condition of the United 
States Reserve Corps regiments is found in a letter addressed by an 
aide-de-camp on the stall' of Brigadier-General Sigel to the chief of stall' 
at department headquarters, of which the following is a copy: 

Headquarters United States Forces, 

Holla, Deo'iiiher JC, 1861. 
Cajit. John C. Kelton, 

Amstant Adjutant-General. 
Captain: The general ilirects me to transmit to you for the consideration of the 
commanding general the accompanying reports of the colonel of the First Regiment 
United States Reserve Corps, and of the lieutenant-colonel of the Second Regiment 
United States Reserve Corps, First Brigade, Fourth Division. These regiments are 
actually unfit for the field and can not be relied on. It would tlierefore be advisable 
to leave one of them as garrison at this post, together with Colonel IMieh^s's regiment, 
in case of a forward movement, and the other might l)e ordered to Franklin to 
relieve the Ninth Iowa, inrkiding tiie battery at tliat post, wliicli command is very 
anxious to get something to do and which would render very efiicient service in the 
field. The general theretore urges the necessity of making the jiroposed change, 
and r('S])cctfully re(iuests the connnanding general to attach the Ninth Iowa Regi- 
ment with the battery to this conunand. 

* * -x- * * * * 

By order of Brigadier-(ieneral Sigel, commanding: 
\'ery respectfully, your obedient servant, 

T. A. Mevsenburg, 
Second Lientevant and Aide-de-Onnji. 
[S. i:}1.5, V. S., bSHL'.] 

On fJanuary 17, isilii, ( Jeiu>ral ilalleck issued an order in which he 
warned the discontented meml)ers of the Reserve Corps of the results 
to l)e expected from a violation of tluMr military obligations. Follow- 
ing is a copy of the order: 



U. S. KESERVE CORPS, THREE YEARS' SERVICE. 109 

General Orders, )^ IIeadqiarters Department of tjie ^Mifssorui, 

No. 22. ) St. Loui.% Jinniar!/ 17, 18(:2. 

******* 

II. (Jrganizations which have l)een mustered into the United States service u.ider 
the title of " Reserve Corps," or other desin;nations, are re^nilarly in the military serv- 
ice of the United States, and are to be jiaid and supplied the same as any oi^her 
troops. It is not the intention to require the service of such troops out of this State, 
except in cases of emergency, but they must do the same duty as other troops, and 
any refusal on their part to ol)ey orders will be jtunished to the full extent of the 
law. If they absent themselves from their post without ])roper leaves, they will be 
treateil as deserters. Officers who may neglect their duties and fail to preserve 
order and discipline among their men will be dismissed the service. Any person 
found creating dissatisfaction and mutiny among the troops will be seized and con- 
fined, and if found guilty will suffer death. 

By order of Major-General Ilalleck: 

J. C. Kelton, 
Assistant Adjutant-General. 

In Jaiuiarv, 1S62, the Tliird United States Reserve Corps was con- 
solidated with the Gasconade County Battalion and other Reserve 
Corps organizations to form the Fourth Missouri Infantry Volunteers. 
This was followed by a mutiny and the disarming- and continement of 
the members of several companies, as announced in General Orders, 
No. 28, headquarters Department of the Missouri, dated February 2, 
1862, of which the following- is a copy: 

General Orders, ) Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

No. 28. )' St. Louis, Febrnarij 2, 1862. 

Several companies of the Fotirth Regiment of Missouri Volunteers, lately called 
the Third United States Reserve Corps, having shown themselves nuitinous and dis- 
ol)edient of orders, have been disarmed and placed in continement at Benton Bar- 
racks. The privates and non(;ommissioned officers of these comjianies will be 
sent under a suitable guard to Cairo to work on the fortifications at that place 
until further orders. The connnanding officer of that post will see that these 
companies are made to work faithfully on the fortifieations, and will report to these 
headquarters the names of any who by their repentance and oliedience to orders and 
discipline desei've pardon and restoration to military rank and resjiect. 

The officers of these companies have not joined in this mutinous demonstration, 
but they have failed or neglected to enforce order, obedience, and military discipline; 
they will therefore l)e mustered out of service and discharged. 

The major-general commanding this department is always willing to listen to com- 
plaints and ready to redress well-founded grievances; but, at the same time, he is 
determined to enforce discipline and obedience to orders, and any comi>anies, regi- 
ments, or corps which shall hereafter disobey orders or exliibit a mutinous dis])Osi- 
tion, will be dealt with in a most summary manner. The Rules and Articles of War 
in respect to mutiny will be rigorously enforced. 

By command of Major-Generai Ilalleck: 

N. H. McLean, 
Assistant A djutant- General. 

This order was followed" by one dated February" 26, 1862, threaten- 
ing- with arrest and punishment ""certain parties" accused of practices 
calculated to produce dissatisfaction and mutinous conduct. Follow- 
ing is a copy of the order: 

General Orders, 1 Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

No. 48. r St. Louis, Mo., February 26, 1862. 

» * * * * » " ♦ 

IV. It is officially represented to the commanding general that certain parties in 
this city and elsewhere have been negotiating with companies and regiments, origi- 
nally, perhaps, irregularly organized, to ol)tain for a certain price tlieir disbandmeut 
or discharge, and encouraging expressions of dissatisfaction and nuitinous conduct as 
a means to accom})lish that end. An investigation of this matter will be made 



110 MirSOUfll TEOUP.S 1 NIUN. 

immediately, and the provost-mai^hal-fieneral will arrest the guilty parties and eon- 
fine them in the military prison until they can be tried and punisheil as prescribed 
by the Rules and Articles of War. 
Bv command of Major-General Halleck: 

N. H. McLean, 
Asuistant Adjiitdnt-denerftl. 

Mutinios soon after occurred in the First United States Reserve 
Corps, and also in the Fourth and Fifth' Missouri Cavalry retj'iments, 
composed partially of the Hollan Horse, which was orig-inaUy formed as 
a Reserve Corps oi-g-anization. Concerning- these mutinies, Brig-adier- 
General Schotield, then commanding the District of Missouri, reported, 
under date of July 18. 1802, as follows: 

Headquarters District of Missouri, 

St. Loiiix, Jiihi 13, 1862. 
Col. JoHX C. Keltox, 

Ai^sistaiit Adjut' I lit- General, Department of the ^fis■sm)ppi, Corinth, J//.w..- 

I have the honor to report for the information of the commanding general the 
mutinous conduct of a portion of the troops under my commantl and the disposition 
I have made of them. 

When the conunanding general diret'ted me to reinforce General Curtis l)y all my 
availal)le force, 1 had no infantry that could be used at once except Colonel Rom- 
bauer's regiment, the First United States Reserve Corps, then stationed along the 
Pacific Railroad. I at once concentrated this regiment at Rolla and ordered it for- 
ward to Batesville. It proceeded as far as West Plains, and there mutinied, all 
except the officers and about 2S7 men, refusing to go farther. Colonel Romliauer 
detailed 12 officers and a guard of Vol men to remain with the mutineers, directing 
them to guard the j^ost of West Plains. But the officer left in command, finding that 
his men could not l)e relied upon to defend the place in case of attack, returned to 
Rolla with his entire command. 

At Rolla 288 noncommissioned officers and men l)roke out in open mutiny, refus- 
ing to do any duty whatever, and declaring their determination to break up and 
come to St. Louis. They were promptly arrested, disarmed, and sent to the North- 
ern part of ^Missouri to work on the ))lockhonses on the Hannibal and St. Joe 
Railroad. 

I inclose a list of the officers left witli these men l)y Colonel Rombauer. They 
are now in St. Louis, with the exception of one major, one caj>tain, and three lieu- 
tenants left with the few obedient men at Rolla. 

I do nf)t believe it possible to make this regiment efficient with its present organi- 
zation and un<ler its present officers. I respectfully recommend that the mutineers 
he kept at hard labor until sufficiently submissive to discipline and then be jxn-- 
mitted to enlist in other regiments. Those of the men who have remained obedient 
might be organized into a l)attalion under such officers as prove upon examination to 
be most efficient and the remaining officers be mustered out of service. 

I have also to report a mutiny in one company of the Fourth Missouri Cavalry 
and three companies of the Fifth Missouri Cavalry, the same troops that gave so 
mut'h trouble in north Missouri last winter. 

I have several of the leading mutineers in irons, awaiting trial, and the remainder 
at work on the fortifications at Rolla. 1 have no doubt of being able to reduce 
these men to sulnnission in a short time. 

I am .satisfied these difficulties have resulted from the infiuence of certain lawyers 
in St. Louis, who have i)roniised for a certain consiileration to get these men mus- 
tered out of service. I shall spare no efforts to detect these men and bring them to 
jmnishment. 

While I think it would be an advantage to the service to get rid of these mutinous 
troops, it will doubtless be well to retain them as good sul)jects for punishment, as 
exam])les to others. 

I am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

[J. M. ScnoKiEi.i),] 

Brigadler-d'enend. 
[Book Xo. -WS, Department of the Missouri, ]>. 54.] 

On August 1»), 18(>1J, Brig. Gen. Lewis Merrill, conmianding the 
Division of Northeast Missouri, reported in a letter to General Scho- 
tield that there was likely to be trouble with the mutineers, and that 



U. S. RESERVE CORPS, THREE YEARS' SERVICE. Ill 

as the}^ were evidently acting under the conviction that thev were 
clearly within their rights he was loath to proceed to extreme measures. 
His letter is as follows: 

HKAIKilAKTEKS DIVISION NoRTHEAfST MlSSOrUl, 

MaroH City, Mo., Aiu/uot 16, 1862. 
Col. C. W. Marsh, 

Aniii stunt- Ad jnlaiit (ieneraJ. 

Colonel: I find that there is Hkely to l)e trouble with the nuitineers. I inelose 
herewith a translation frnm one of the Saint Louis German jiapers, and would state, tor 
the information of the general, that \\\wi\ thorough investigation of the whole mat- 
ter, partly personal and partly tliroagh Lieutenant Brandt, that the men have become 
thoroughly convinced that they are doing right and will sultmit to any punishment 
rather than work beyond the ihiity days, which, they claim, is the limitof the time 
for which they can be made to work* without trial. Thinking at lirst tliat it was simidy 
insubordination incited l)y some of the nii.'^chievous leaders among them, I had 
intended issuing an order requiring them to [go to] work and enforce the order to the 
extremest .severity, if need be, l)ut became satisfied, on fuller investigation, that the 
whole of them are acting upon what tliey believe to be a principle of right, and that 
the result of the attempt would have been the necessity of shooting at least half of 
them. Had I been convinced that they had no justice in their claims I should not 
have hesitated to do so; but believing, as I am compelled to, that tlie distinct under- 
standing on their part on enlistment was that they were to serve only in the State, 
and that that statement was made by authority, I am loath to push to extremities 
men who, however wrong (1 think), are acting upon principle. 

I submit the whole matter to the general for his decision, with the assurance that 
his orders will be enforced, whatever they may be. 

I am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

Lewls Merrill, 
Brigadier- General, CommandiiKj. 

[Book No. 647, Department of the [Missouri, y. 6.] 

This letter was forwarded by General Schorield to department 
headquarters with a letter of his own, in which he stated that, so far 
from being of any service to the (xovernment. the Reserve Cori)s regi- 
ments had become a '"positive burthen;" that, although the roils did 
not show it, there could be no doul)t that they were enlisted for service 
only in Missouri, and that it was done by General Fremont's order; 
that the order {General Orders. No. 25, of 1861) declining to recognize 
this limitation and giving them the option of being regularly nuistered 
in as volunteers or being mustered out had rendered them dissatistied 
with the service even in Missouri, and for these reasons he recom- 
mended that they be mustered out of service. His letter is as follows: 

Headquarters District of Missouri, 

St. Louis, August 22, 1862. 
Maj. N. H. McLean, 

Assixtant Adjutant-General. 

Ma.ior: I have the honor to request that the so-called " Reserve Corps" regiments 
of [Missouri may be mustered out of service. So far from being of any .service to the 
Government they are a positive burthen. 

They were enlisted for service only in Missouri. Of this there can be no doubt, 
although their muster-in rolls do not show it, and it was done by General Fremont's 
order. The order declining to recognize this limitation and giving them the ojition 
to be regularly mustered in as volunteers or t<) b.e mustered out has rendere<l them 
discontented and dissatisfied with service even in Missouri. They are mostly troops 
of that character which can be kept in a tolerable state of discipline only by the 
presence of other troops who can be relied on to enforce orders. You are aware 
that this is impossible in [Missouri, where troops are neces.sarily very much scattered. 

With a few honorable exceptions the officers of these regiments are utterly ineffi- 
cient. They have no control whatever over their men. 

If dis1)anded most of the men who are fit for active service will reenlist in other 
regiments, while the (Tovernment will l)e relieved from the support of the old and 
worttiless, of which there are a large number. 



112 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

Two of the re<»iments, the First and Second, are now dointi no service whatever. 
One of them has been under punishment more than a month, and not a single man 
is wilUng to return to duty on any terms. 

They seem to have a tixed conviction that they have been unjustly dealt with 
and an ul)stinate determination to suffer aiiv punishment rather than to return to 
duty. 

I inclose a letter received from Colonel Merrill on the subject which exhibits the 
state of feeling among the men to whom I refer. 

Notwithstanding that I am now in neel of more troops, I am satisfied it will bean 
actual relief to m^ to get rid of these men. I therefore respectfully but earnestly 
request the comuiiuding general to authorize me to have them mustered out of 
service. 

I am, major, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

J.M. ScHOFiELD, r> r I f/adier- General. 

[Book No. 568, Department of the Missouri, p. 95.] 

General Scolielcrs letter was forwarded to the Head [iiarters of the 
Army, and, on Aiiguist 2S, 1S32, he was authorized to muster out of 
service the Reserve Corps reo-uuents in his district. This author it^^ 
was conveyed in a h^ttar of which the following is a cop}': 

Ad.iutaxt-Gexekal's Office, 

Washington, D. C, AwjvM S8, 1862. 
Brig. Gen. J. M. Schofield, 

Comniandini/ District Missouri, St. Louis, Mo. 
Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 22d instant, in 
reference to the mustering out of service of the "Reserve Corps" regiments of Mis- 
souri. In reply I am directed to inform you that you are hereby authorized to have 
the said regiments in your district mustered out of the service of the United States. 

Vj. D. Townsend, 
Assistant Adjutant- General. 
[Letters sent, .\. G. O., Vol. 2, 1862, p. 404.] 

Immediately upon the receipt of this letter (xeneral Schotield issued 
the following- order: 

Special Orders, \ Headquarters District of Missouri, 

No. 98. i St. Louis, September 1, 1S62. 

Authority having been received from the War Department to muster out of service 
the Reserve Corps regiments in this district, they will l>e mustered out as rapidly 
as their places can be supplied by other troops. 

The Second Regiment (Colonel Kallman), now at Benton Barracks, will be nuistered 
out without delay by Lieut. J. T. Price, Fifth United States Infantry. 

The portions of the First Regiment (Colonel Rombauer) now in this district will 
be assembled at Benton Barracks as soon as practicable, and when assembled will be 
mustered out of service by Lieutenant Price. 
Bv order of Brigadier-General Schotield: 

C. W. Marsh, 
.1 ss'ixta nl Adjutant -( ieneral. 
[Book No. 580, Department of the ^lissouri, ]). 75.] 

Because some of the Reserve Corps regiments had been mustered 
out of service under the provisions of the order quoted a))ove, other 
troops, originally organized as reserve regiments but not then serving 
as such, su[)p()sed that th(\v should also he mustered out under the 
.same order. Major-(ieneral Curtis, who had been assigned to the 
commatid of the Department of the Missouri, therefore issued a genei'al 
order of which th(> following is a copy: 

General Orders,! He.\d<juartkks IMci-artment of tue Missouri, 

No. 21. l' St. Louis, Mo., Noremher 29, 1862. 

The commanding general is iiifornu'(l i!iat because some of the United States 
Reserve Corps have been mustered out oilier troops of other names suppose they 
siiouid be. There is no reason for such a claim. <)t!ier troops not United States 
Reserve Corps can not be mustcreil out. 



U. S. RESERVE CORPS, THREE YEARS' SERVICE. 113 

The Second Missouri Artillery was first enrolled as Home GuardsJ, but with their 
own consent they were afterward-: res^iilarly mu-tered in as three-year volunteers 
by Lieutenant Sanford, U. S. A., and the matter was fully explained in (iermanand 
Entrlisli. Allofficert^, soldiers, and citizens should inculcate <iuiet obt-dience to duty, 
and any person or persons enj^aiied in circulating ])etitions to be mustered out or 
threats of mutiny in the Second Artillery or any other troops not United States 
Reserve Corps will be arrested and punished l)y a military c(jnunission. 

By command of Major-Cieneral Curtis: 

H. Z. ClRTIS, 

Assistant A djutant- Genprnl. 

This ordor, however, did nf)t check the chimor that had been raised 
for the muster out of such troops as had been originally enlisted with 
a supposed limitation as to the tieldof their service. The Second Mis- 
souri Artillery had originall}' been organized as the First Artillery, 
United States Reserve Corps, and the members of the original organ- 
ization persisted in the claim that they were entitled to be mustered 
out of service under the provisions of Special Orders, No. 98, of 18H2, 
directing the muster out of the Reserve Corps regim<nits. 

The initial correspondence relative to the nuister out of this regi- 
ment is found in a letter from the regimental commander, dated Sep- 
tember 11. 1S62. in which he requested to be informed whether or not 
the Second Missouri Artillery was to be nmstered outof service under 
the provisions of the special orders referred to. To this inquiry Gen- 
eral Schotield replied as follows: 

Headquarters District of Missouri, 

Sej)teiiihfr 12, 1862. 

The Second Missouri Artillery was reorganized and became volunteers soon after 
Major-General Halleck assumed comman<l of the department. Therefore it is not 
to be consiilered as belonging to the Reserve Corps. But even were this not the case, 
that regiment would be retained in service, since their services are needed in the 
position for which they were originally enlisted, and there are no other trocjps which 
can be used to replace them. Therefore the Second Missouri Artillery will not be 
mustered out of service. 

[M. 961, V. S., 1863.] 

A petition of certain members of the regiment for discharge was 
subse<iuently submitted, in which it was claimed by the petitioners 
that they were enlisted to serve in the forts in the neighljorhood of St. 
Louis, as reserve corps, and not as volunteers. ))ut that they had been 
attached to and compelled to serve with other troops, without their 
consent and without having been mustered into service as volunteers, 
being in many instances severely punished for refusing to serve as vol- 
unteer soldiers. The petitioners therefore claimed that the}^ were 
entitled to be mustered out of service under the order directing the 
muster out of the United States Reserve Corps. This petition was 
indorsed by Major-Cleneral Curtis, then commanding the Department 
of the Mis-^ouri, under date of March 11, 1863, as follows: 

St. Louis, March 11, 1863. 

During the summer of 1861 1 ascertained this artillery regiment was Vjeing enrolled 
as Home Guards or Reserve Corps, and I ordered the Colonel (Almstedt) and the 
mustering officer of St. Louis to see that this was changed and that the men must Ije 
properly mustered as volunteers according to the then-existing laws. Colonel 
Almstedt and the mustering officer have both assured me they were so mustered. I 
also directed the matter should be explained to the men in both German and Eng- 
lish. When bounties and other advantages were offered, these men mutinied and 
insisted on being mustered out as other Reserve Corps had been, and they were pun- 
ished for mutiny. 

I refer the matter to Colonel Almstedt that he may state the facts. Even if they 
are Reserve Corps, that does not create a right to be mustered out, as they, even as so 

S. Doc. 412 8 



114 MlSSOl'KI TRdoPS UNION. 

mustereil, agreed to serve three years; and the order to iuu.«terout Reserve Corps was 
intended to apply to other troops and created no ri^rht that these men should be 
allowed to claim if the (iovernnient thinks they should he continued in the service 
as Reserve Corps. No regin ent hns had such acconmiodations of quarters, rations for 
fannlies, and other favors, and this continual appeal to muster out is in violation of 
rei)eated promise^' th.at they would return to duty if allowed to do so. 

It is, however, proper for nie to say many of the privates seem to have misunder- 
stood the matter, and I have called the troops l)ack within tlie State of ^lissouri 
where, as Reserve Cori)s, they certainly have no reason to claim exemption service. 

S. R. Ci'RTis, Major- General. 

[Ibid.] 

On March 16, 18t3o, the coimiiaiiding officer of the Second Missouri 
Artillery addressed Gejieral Curtis as follows: 

Headqi'akters Second INIissoiki Aktii.lerv, 

St. Louiit, March 16, 1863. 

In compliance with the within request of Maj. (fen. S. R. Curtis, I wotdd state the 
following: 

Even if the Second Missouri Artillery would be entitled as Reserve C'orps to l)e 
mustered out the regiment could not be mustered out of service, as the order of the 
Secretary of War reads that "those United States Reserve Corps regiments should be 
mustered out f)f service as soon as they could be spared." And Generals Curtis and 
Schoheld decided that this regiment could not be spared, as there is no regiment in 
service suitalde to fill the place of the Second ^Missouri Artillery. 

But withcjut regard to this I am going to prove tiiat the members of the Second Mis- 
souri Artillery are volunteers. 1. They voluntarily eidisted to serve three years for 
the United States, in what capacity, as reserve or volunteers, seems to l)e immaterial, 
as a sfildier has to do his duty in either. 2. They enlisted as reserve, but were con- 
verted into volunteers November 21, 1861, and were mustered as Second .\rtillery 
Missouri Volunteers on the 31st of December, 1861. Those men who did not like to 
serve as volunteers any longer were nnistered out of service on or about the 1st of 
February, 1862, amounting to about 320 men — mustered out at once. But since that 
time the old soldiers of the regiment became weary of this long, protracted war, and 
therefore they hunt up some reasons in supi)ort of their intention to get nnistered 
out of service, as the times are here now very favorable to working pcfiple. 3. The 
higher authorities are very well aware that the Second [Missouri .\rtillery is not in 
the least entitled to claim to be mustered out of service, that its claims are only 
founded in the wishes of a small party of it and at the instigation of certain attorneys 
at law who are only attempting to make mon'^y out of these troul)les, very well know- 
ing that they can not succeed by right without overthrowing the facts. But several 
honest ones, after having investigated the claims of the claimants, were soon con- 
vinced that there was no legal claim at all on the part of the members of the Second 
Missoin-i Artillery, and therefore dropped the case; but oidy one attoi'uey at law, 
Washington Hendricks, did not cease to stir up the troubles in the regiment, an<l he 
succeeded as far as to get a certain amount of money in advance out of his poor 
proteges, with the promise to get some more after liaving succeeded. These are 
simple facts which are reported to me. 4. The lirst i)ay roll, on which the regiment 
got paid, of the 31st of December, 1861, styles the regiment as volunteers and not as 
Reserve Cor])s, and they voluntarily received their pay from the paymaster as volun- 
teers without any remonstrance; afterwards all the men got mustered out of service 
who did not like to serve as volunteers. 

In addition to the above facts I would state that mostly everything contained in 
the rejjort and the accompanying affidavits of Washington Hendricks is false. He 
says that "these men are suffering horribly from the unjust treatment inflicted on 
them 1)V their officers." This has never happened except in cases of nmtiny, for 
the most of which Washington Hendricks is responsible. The most part of these 
nmtineers were temjiorarily detached to other regiments and there forced to do <luty. 
The punishment inflicted upon the nmtineers with the regiment were adecpiate to 
their crime. Furthermore, he says that his attiants have l)een detached to other and 
volunteer corps without their consent, but he docs not develoji that this was the just 
treatment for their nmtineeriug. First Lieutenant Kreinbaum is the only officer 
of the regiment who made an atii<lavit in this matter, l)ut his reasons are very jtlain. 
He is under arrest since middle of Decendier, 18()2, tried by a general court-martial, 
and he was very well aware that he would be dismissed tlie service. This induced 
him to help nuitineering, though under arrest when he signed his affidavit. 

Henkv Almstedt, 
Commanding Second Missouri Artillery Volunteers. 

[Ibid.] 



V. 6. RESERVE CORPS. THREE YEARs" SERVICE. 115 

On Msirch 30, ls68, ;i petition for discharge was indorsed by 
Brig-, Gen. .1. W. Davidson, connnanding the ISt. Louis District, as 
follows: 

lIiCADQi'AHTUJis St. Lofis DisTUicT. MiircJi so, ISdo. 

Respectfully I'oi-wardcMl witli r.'quest that a lioanl be iijipointed to examine into 
the merits fit' this complaint. A detachment of this ri'unnient at Pilot Knob serving 
with a battery is in nmtiny. Another serving' with a battci'v at IV-nton liarracks 
was recently in mntiny. Another serving as heavy artillery at Cape Giranleaii 
was recently in imitiny. A detachment serving with the Twenty-second luwa 
Volunteers by department orders left that regiment and is, I am informe<l, in this 
city, thus <leserting their station. This calls for a decision upon the difference 
between the otlicers ami men as to what the regiment is, whether as volunteers or 
Reserve Corps. 

Respectfully suVimitted. J. \V. |)avii)S0X, 

Brir/ddii'i'-dnirnil, ( 'inmiiandhirj. 

[Ibid.] 

On April 4. iSOo, a '•))oard of inquiry"' was appointol by (Tcneral 
Curtis '"to inquire into and report upon the conduct and complaints 
of certain officers and enlisted men of the S >cond RegimcMit Miss((uri 
Artillery."*' 1'he findings of the h:)ard. of which Br'g. Gen. Fitz Henry 
Warren was president, and whicli met April S, 1863. at St. Louis, 
Mo., were as follows: 

First. The present Second Regiment Artillery Missouri Volunteers was originally 
enlisted an<l mustered into service as the Finst Regiment .Vi'tillery Fnited States 
Reserve Corps, with the understanding on the part of the men that they were to 
serve only in the State of Missouri anil principally in the St. Louis fortifications. 

Second. The change of the name of the regiment on Novend)er 20, lS(il, liy order 
of the commander of the dit^trict of St. Louis could not change the natiu'e of service 
due by the men, except, tirst, it was made with their full consent; and, second, unless 
they were renmstered into the United States service as volunteers. 

Third. The men of this regiment have never consented to a change of the nature 
of the servii'e <lue by them to the United States. 

Fourth. This regiment has never been renmstered into the Unitt'd States service 
as volunteers. 

Fifth. The conclusion from the abo\e is that the Second Regiment Artillery Mis- 
souri Volunteers is a Reserve Corps regiment, and entitled to be treated as such in all 
respects. 

Sixth. Tlie letter from the War Department to Brigadier-Cieneral Scliofield, stat- 
ing that he is authorized to muster out of service the Reserve Corps, although 
permissive rather than directory in its language, yet when taken in connection with 
the letter of (ieneral Schotield, to which it is in reply, should be deemed an order to 
muster f)ut all Reserve Corps, and that General Scholield himself so construed it is 
apparent from his Special Orders, Xo. i)S, in relation to the regiments of Col<)nels Kail- 
man and Roud)auer. This board is therefore of the opinion that the present so-called 
Second Regiment Afissouri 'S'olunteers, being in reality a Reserve Corps reginu-nt, 
should be nuistered out of the service. 

Seventh. In case the regiment, as such, is nuistered out of the service, still the 600 
men now in it who have been recruited since the change of name and under the 
notice tliat they were to serve as vf)lunteers, and have been mustered into the United 
States service as volunteers, are not entitled to be mustered out, but should be reor-' 
ganized and assigned to dutj'. 

Fighth. The original mustering in of this regiment as a Reserve Corps regiment 
was illetial, being in opposition to existing orders. 

Ninth. When this regiment was originally nuistered in, it containeil nearly oOO 
men unlit for duty, and who have since been ilischarged for ])hysical disability exist- 
ing at the time they were enliste<l, and for this the Uniteil States nuistering otHcer 
and the inspecting surgeon should be held to answer. 

Tenth. The evidence discloses such a condition of affairs in the regiment as to 
render its reorganization indispensably essential to its efliciency in the event of its 
being retained in the service. 

Eleventh. The order convening this board calls upon them to report upon the 
"(;onduct" of the regiment. The evidence discloses the fact that most of the c*>m- 
panies have at some period or other been in a state of mutiny, the alleged rea.«on 
in each instance being that they were illegally changed from United States Reserve 



116 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

Corps to United States Volunteers Avithoiit their consent and a<iainst their will. 
While the board can never In-iieve that mutiny was justifial)le, they express the 
opinion that tlie jirievance alleged was real. 

[Ibid.] 

The proceedings and tind'mo-s of the hoaid were forwurdiKl by ?>iiiior- 
General Curtis by indorseniont dated May 7, 1S(>;}. as follows: 

IlEAIMjrAHTEKS DEr.VKT.MENT OF TJIE Ml.SSOl'lil, 

-S'^ Loiii«, Mai/ 7, 1863. 
Respectfully forwarded to the .Vdjatant-General of the Army, accompanying letter 
to the General in Chief of date of .May 4. Attention is respectfully called "to the pro- 
ceedings and finding of the court of imjuiry, and the attidavits, orders, letters, and 
other i)apei\s attached. Should the finding of the court be approved, I have the 
honor to request that the.se papers be returned with full instructions as to the dis- 
posi.tion t(j l)e made of the " Re.serve Corjis" portion of the Second Missouri Artillery. 

S. K. Curtis, Major-deneml. 
[Il)id.] 

The letter of May 4, 1S<;3, referred to in (leneral C'lirtis's indorse- 
ment, is as follows: 

tlEADCiUAKTEKS DEPARTMENT OF THE MISSOURI, 

St. Lmm, May 4, 1863. 
Maj. Gen. H.W. Halleck, 

Ge))t:r(d in Chief. 

General: Yours of the 29th ultimo, concerning the Second Artillery Regiment, is 
received. You are mistaken in sui)p(jsing all are to be mustered (jut. Kone will be 
if you are sure a full "thorough examination" was had last 3' ear and the matter was 
properly then and there decided that "they were regularly mustered in for the war." 
The order to remuster was given by me and I had been assured by the officers they 
had been remustered, and so they were. But it was for pay ami not for muster in 
again. 1 have tried to force these men to do duty. Tliey have been punished 
almost to the death; but they have demanded a hearing on a chai'ge of fraud in liiis 
second muster. General Davidson, a severe disciplinarian, and (General Warren, and 
Colonel Glover, who had detachments of these troops and in various ways endeav- 
ored to force obedience, assured me there was some mistake, and the facts should be 
iiKpiired into. They would not do duty and were worsy than useless. The men 
asked to have the facts determined. There is nothing on re"ord that shows the men 
had been heard in the jiremi-jes. They claimed the bendit of the order rdjuiring 
me to nuister out the Reserve Corps, and if the fact existed as they still averreil, I 
supposed my duty plain. On their petition, properly indon^ed, I finally submitted 
the matter to disiTeet, unprejudiced officers. They called in the officers and prob- 
ably some of the men, and the proof shows that they were not remustered and sworn 
as three-year volunteers They did not so understand it, i<.w\ tin' rolls do not show 
it, but on the contrary show they are still a specialty. 

No one was more vexed and surprised than I have t)een in this matter. It was a 
renuister under pretense of pay muster, and the rolls show it was only mu.ster for ])ay. 

The court, I believi', decided unanimously that they were not rennistered; that 
they are a Rt'serve Corjis, and ought to be mustered out ])ursuant to your order. I 
have suspended the muster out as your telegra])h exi>ressed disaj)proval, and I shall 
still await your furtlier orders. Although only part of the corps have been regarded 
as Home <iuards, the whole regiment is demoialized. I am sure no one knows bet- 
ter than 1 do the troubles that have arisen from these irregular organizations, and I 
have always regretted the order which they persistently claim as a right to be mus- 
tered out. Properly em'olled we have no !>etter soldiers, Imt as now organized they 
are only u.seful when they think their homes are in danger. I have resisted step by 
step the.se losses of Home (iuard troops, and my utmost efforts fail. The jiroof is 
irresistible. They are included within the scope of my ordei's from you and the 
honorable Secretary of War. Shall I jjroceed to execute the order and try to get 
new and uiKjuestionable nuisters? It seems to me necessary. 

I remain, general, very respt'ctfully, your obetlient servant, 

S. R. Curtis, Major-deneral. 

I*. S. — 1 send herewith the original petition of the soldiers of this regiment with 
(ieneral I >aviilson's indf)rsement, the proceedings and lindings of the board of iiKpiiry, 
and all the papers in the case. 

S. R. Curtis, Major-dowral. 

[Ibid.] 



U. S. RESERVE CORPS, THRJ^^E YEARs' SERVICE. 117 

A brief of the cv.se having- ])een sii1)mitted to the (Tenenil in Chief, 
it was indorsed by him as follows: 

Thi.« regiment ?''((.s reiiuiHtered at? vf)lunteer8 for three years or the war, while I 
com II landed the dej)artinent, and under the supervision of a staff officer. All the men 
understood the character of the engagement. Those who wished to he considered 
as simply " lIome<niards" were discharged. As many of the men had fanuliesin St. 
Louis, they were told that they would he retained there, unless [recpiired] elsewhere, 
but were to l)e sul)ject to any service anywhere. Theri'could have been no possible 
misunderstanding on this subject, and General Curtis was wrong in again reviewing 
the question. Those men who were unlit forserviceshould have been discharged and 
the regiment filled up or its organization reduced. The men had no claim whatever 
for a discharge on the ground of improper enlistment. 

And now the regiment should be filled up, if i)ossibie, and if not, its organization 
should be reduced. 

H. W. TIai.i.eck, fu'neml in Chief. 

May 15, 1868. 

[Ibid.] 

On June 13, 1863, a special inspection of the regiment was ordered. 
In their report, dated June 80, 1863, the inspecting officers remarked: 

The men and officers at that time (September 12, 1862) claimed, as they have con- 
tinually since, that they were deceived by the nuistering officer at the remaster in 
November, 1861, not understanding there was to be any change of the conditions of 
their original oath, but that this remuster was to enable them to draw pay and 
clothing. The result of this deception is constant trouble. The men refuse to do 
duty, and, in fact, nearly all examined have not drilled for three or four months, 
many for eight or nine, and some for one year. They are completely <lemoralize(l 
and worthless as soldiers. There is no doubt but they will continue so till all the 
Reserve Corps men in the regiment are mustered out. They are seriously injuring 
the V(jlunteers by their nuitiiions spirit, which is constantly exhil)ited. 

During the excitement attending the Marmaduke raid in A]irii, Brigadier-General 
Davidson, by order of ^Major-General Curtis, visited the fortifications and promised 
the men if they would do their duty as soldiers till the trouble was over they should 
be nmstered out. 

[Ibid.] 

In concluding their report, the inspecting officers suggested as the 
only method of making the regiment eHicient that all of the officers 
and men who had entered the service as members of the Ignited States 
Reserve Corps be mustered out of service. The report was indorsed 
b\' the inspector-general of the Department of Missouri as follow-: 
IIeaixiuaktkrs Departmkxt of the Missorm, 

Ix.speotoh-CtENERal's Depaktmext, 

.SV. io»/.s, Juhi 26, 1863. 

Respectfully referred to the major-general connnanding the department for his 
information and action. Those officers and enlisted men of the Second Regiment of 
Missouri Artillery claiming to belong to the Reserve Corps (and these compose more 
than one-half of said regiment) are a nuisance, and decidedly a dangerous element 
to the service in this city. Their officers are grossly inefficient and neglectful of their 
duties and afraid of their men; they are not fit for their ])ositions. All those claim- 
ing to belong to the Reserve Corps deserve the severest jienalties known to the mili- 
tary law for "disobedience of orders," "mutiny ami sedition," because here in St. 
Louis, where they acknowledge they enlisted to do duty, they are constantly guilty 
of all and every one of the military offenses named. This si)irit of insubordination 
has been greatly stimulated and kept alive by incendiary articles publishe(l in the 
German jmjiers in St. Louis, and the editors of such papers should be severely dealt 
with for such conduct. 

If it should be deemeil advisable for the interestsof the Government by the major- 
general commanding the de])artment and l>y the superior authorities to whom he 
may refer this matter that the severer course of coercion and ]>unishment in order 
that these men may be obliged to do their duty be dispensed with, then I would 
most respectfully and earnestly recommend that all those claiming to belong to the 
Reserve Corps be inmiediately nmstered out of service. 

Jas. Tottex, 

[Ibid.] ^ 



11(S MISSOI'KI TROOPS I'NION. 

The iii.spection report wtis forwardod to the Adjutiiiit-Gciiorrtl of the 
Army, accompanii'd bv a letter from General Sehotield as follows: 

HlCAIxa'AHTKRS DiCl'AKTMENT OF THE MlS^OL'RI, 

-SV. Lonh; Mo., Jidi/ ?7, 186S. 

Col. E. I). TOWNSKNI), 

AsxisliDit Adjut(tut-(lfitcy<il, U. ,S. A., \V<i--<]iin(jt(in, J). C. 

Coi-i>Ni:f.: I have the honor to transmit herewith insi)e('ti()n report of tlie Second 
Artillery Missouri Volnnteers, with reijnest that it 1h' laiil ))efore the (.Teneral in 
Chief, and hii^ s])eeial attention asked to the facts as set forth in tlie report and the 
recommendations of the ins])et'tin,<r ortic<'rs. 

I am aware that in Noveniher, 1S()1, this reiriment was re(jr;^anizi'd and remustiMed 
with the intention of making it a volunteer reyiment. Whatever else may have been 
done it is quite certain tliat the men were entirely deceived as to the nature and 
object of this reniuster. Whether this deception was intenti<Mial or not on the ])art 
of their otiicers, it would l)e ditRcnlt, if not impossible, to ascertain. Whether 
intentional or not the effect is the same. The fet'linj; of the men is too unanimous 
to admit of a doubt as to their sincerity. I am satislied, therefore, that the men and 
oflicers who were in the regiment at the time of remu.ster in 18()1 should be mustered 
out of service as a simple act of justice, even were there no other considerations 
involved. 

Unfortunately tins (piestion has been discussed during the last year in a party 
spirit, by the jiress of St. l^onis, and has been made th(^ occasion for reflection upon 
the otticial conduct of the several officers involved in it here, also that of the (ien- 
eral in Chief and War Department. This, added to the repeated promises that have 
been nm<le to the men that they should be uiustered f)ut, has so increased the dis- 
order anci mutinous spirit in the regiment that any remedy short of nmster out would, 
in my opinion, be unavaihng. I have determined not to make the attempt to return 
the men to duty without once more appealing to the (iencral in Chief to ^lermit me 
to reorganize the regiment and muster out the "Reserves." With this authority I 
can soon make it a good regiment, etticient for service where it will be needed. It 
never has been, and never will be, of any use whatever in St. Louis. Now it is a 
disgrace to the service, as well as utterly useless. 

I resjiectfuUy request an early decision of this (piestion. 
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

J. M. SiHOFiKij), y[a'ioi--Geiter(iL 

[Ibid.] 

On Xn)X^\sX ?>. is*;;-), tiie General in Cliief. to v.lioin the inspection 
re[)()rt had lieen sul)mitted. authorized GeiuM'al Scholield to muster 
out such otiicers and men of the Second Artillery as he mioht deem 
necessary. Theveu])on General Sehotield issued the following order: 

Si'ECi.w, Orders, \ IIeadqiakteks I)ei'.\i;tme.\t of the Missoiri, 

No. 219. j St. Lnn'ix, Mo., Anf/ust 13, 18<!3. 

-;<• * % -x- * •>•• ->: 

:i. All the nonconmiissioncd ollicers and jirivates of the Second IJegiment .Vrtillery 
Missoviri Voluntrers, with the exce])tions hereinafter referred to, who were enlisted 
before the "JOth day of November, ISBl, will be must(>red out of service without delay. 

.\ll men who are now under punishment iiy sciitence of general court-martial or 
military commission, all who have been tried and are awaiting sentence, and certain 
others against whom gi'avi' charges lia\e lieen preferi'ed (a list f)f which men accom- 
panies this order for the information of the mustering ofiicer) will be excepted from 
this muster out of service. 

* * v:- «• v> •/;• % 

The Second Missouri .Vrtillery Volunteers will be reorganized and recruited to its 
maximum as rapidly as practical)le. 

For this ]iU'-posea military board will beajipointed to examine the capacity, quali- 
fications, proiiriety of conduct, and eliu-iency of all the connnissioned oHicers of the 
regiment, and to consolidate the men-remaining in the regiment after the muster 
out hereby ordered into the proper number of full companies. Cpon the report of 
this IxKinl the commaniling general will order the muster out of such officers as shall 
not Ih' foimd (itteil for tlieir positions. 

The assistant conunissary of musters of the District of St. Louis will make the 
nnisters require(l bv this ordei-. ^ * * 

\\\ command of .Major-i Jent-ral Scholield: 

.f. A. Ca.mimjei.l, 
Aks'isIiuiI A'lintditt-OoicraL 



U. S. RESERVE CORPS, THREE YEARS' SERVICE. 119 

The history of fehe several organizations of the United States Reserve 
Corps accepted into service for the period of three years is, briefly, 
as follows: 

CAVALRY. 

J^irst Battalion, also hw7rn as ^'IIoNa?i Horse.-' — This battalion was 
organized from October, 1861, to February, 1862, at St. Louis and 
Warreuton, Mo. One company of the battalion was nuistered out of 
service March 4, 1862, by order of General Halleck, apparently under 
the provisions of General Orders, No. 25 "of December 11, 1861, head- 
quarters Department of the Missouri. Of the other six companies, 
three were consolidated with the ''Fremont Hussars'" to form the 
Fourth Missouri (yavalry, and were mustered out of service in Sep- 
tember, 1862, undertheprovisionsof Special Orders, No. 98, ''of Septem- 
ber 1, 1862, District of Missouri, directing the muster out of the 
Reserve Corps regiments. The remaining three companies were con- 
solidated with the "Benton Hussars" to form the Fifth Missouri 
Cavalry and were mustered out in September, 1862, under the provis- 
ions of the special orders before cited directing the muster out of the 
Reserve Corps regiments. 

ARTILLERY. 

First Reqiment. — This regiment, composed of twelve companies of 
heav}' artillery and three light l)atteries, was organized at St. Louis, Mo. , 
from September to November, 1861. On Novemlier 20, 1861, its des- 
ignation was changed bv order of Brigadier-General Curtis, conunand- 
ing the St. Louis District, to the "Second Regiment Misso^iri Volun- 
teers. " The number of companies was subsequently reduced by consol- 
idation to the regulation standard. The enlisted men who belonged to 
the original Reserve Corps regiment, except those who were reserved 
for punishment, were mustered out of service under the provisions of 
Special Orders, No. 219 '^ of August 13, 1863, headquarters Department 
of the Missouri. 

INFANTRY. 

Flrxt Beghiient. — This regiment was organized at St. Louis, Mo., 
during the month of September, 1861, and was mustered out of serv- 
ice during the months of September and October, 1862, luider the pro- 
visions of Special Orders, No. 9S,'' head(|uarters District of jNIis.souri, 
dated September 1. 1862, authorizing the muster out of the Reserve 
Corps regiments. 

Secrmd Regimmt. — This regiment was organized at St. Louis. Mo., 
during the months of August and September, 1861, and was mustered 
out of service in September, 1862, under the provisions of Special 
Orders, No. 98,'' headquarters District of Missouri, dated September 
1, 1862, authorizing the muster out of the Reserve Corps regiments. 

Th'trd Begiment. — This regiment was organized at St. Louis, Mo., 
during the months of August and September, 1861. It was consoli- 
dated with the Gasconade County Battalion, United States Reserve 
Corps, to form the Fourth Missouri Volunteers, which latter regiment 
was mustered but of service February 1, 1863, apparently under the 

*Or<ler qu(.;ted on page 10(5. ''Order tjuoted on page 112. '^^Order qnoted on page 118. 



120 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

provisions of Special Orders, No. 98," headquarter?; District of Mis- 
souri, dated Septem})er 1, 1862, authorizing- the nuister out of the 
Reserve Corps regiments. 

Foartli R(-(f intent. — This regiment was organized at St. Louis, Mo., 
during- the months of September and Octo})or, 1861, and was mustered 
out of service January 13, 1862, apparently under the provisions of 
(ieneral Orders, No. 25'' of December 14, 1861, headquarters Depart- 
ment of the Missouri. 

Fifth Regliiient. — This regiment was organized at St. Louis, Mo., 
from September to December, 1S61, and was consolidated with certain 
independent companies to form the Fifth IVIissouri Volunteers. The 
companies originally forming the Reserve Corps regiment were mus- 
tered out of service November 22, 1862, under the provisions of Spe- 
cial Orders, No. 98,'' headquarters District of Missouri, dated Septem- 
ber 1, 1862, authorizing the muster out of the Reserve Corps regi- 
ments. 

Gasconade Coantii Battalion. — This battalion was organized at Her- 
mann, Mo., from October, 1861, to January, 1862. It was consolidated 
with the Third Infantry, United States Reserve Corps, to form the 
Fourth Missouri Volunteers, which latter regiment was mustered out 
of service Februar}'^ 1, 1863, apparentl}^ under the provisions of Special 
Oiders, No. 98," headquarters District of Missouri, dated September 
1, 1862, authorizing the muster out of the Reserve Corps regiments. 

Ki'eJceTs Battalion. — This battalion was organized at St. Louis, Mo., 
during the month of August, 1861. It was nmstered out of service 
January 8, 1862, apparently under the provisions of General Orders, 
No. 25," of December 14, 1861, headquarters Department of the 
Missouri. 

Van I I(n'nh Battalion. — This battalion was organized at Kansas City, 
Mo., during the months of June, July, and August, 1861, under 
authority of General L3'on. It was captui'ed ;ind paroled at Lexington, 
Mo., September 20, 1861, and the greater portion of the enlisted men 
were nmstered out of service Octol)er 29, 1861. The remaining mem- 
bers were consolidated with the Thirteenth Regiment jMissouri Infant ry 
in December, 1861, the consolidated force forming the Twenty-tifth 
Missouri Infantry. No claim appears to have been made by members 
of this regiment for discharge under the orders directing the muster 
out of the United States Reserve Corps regiments. 

Dieti'ich\ Independent Co I njjan I/. — This company was organized at 
Manchester, Mo., August 15, 1861, It was nmstered out of service 
February 3. 1862, apparently mider the provisions of (leneral Orders, 
No. 25,'' of December 14. 1861, head(in:n'ters Department of the 
Missouri. 

Kin(fs Independent (janpany. — This comjjany Avas organized at 
Franklin, jNIo., during the months of September and Octo))er, 1861. 
It was mustered out of service Januar}^ 23, 1862, apparenth' under 
the provisions of General Orders, No. 25, ** of December 14, 1861, 
head(|uarters Department of the jNIissouri. 

The status of the United States Reserve Corps accepted into the 
service^ for the ])eriod of three years was that of Missouri volunteers 
in the service of the United States. It form(>d a i)art of the military 
establishment of the United States during the short period of its 

"(_)r<l(j)' (jiioted on paj^e 112. '(Jnlcr (luoti'il on page 10(^ 



U. S. RESERVE CORPS, THREE YEARS' SERVICE. 121 

existence. Its histoiy has been given somewhat in detail and at con- 
siderable leng-th, especially with regard to individual organizations, 
because the peculiar conditions of acceptance, the incidents of service, 
and the cause of disbandnient may be of importance in the determina- 
tion of questions that may arise relative to the rights of ofiicers and 
enlisted men, or theii- representatives, under the bounty and pension 
laws and the statutes with regard to travel-pay. and other allowances. 
These questions, however, are not within the jurisdiction of the War 
Department, except so far as they involve questions with regard to 
military status or service. 

As shown in this report, the United States Reserve Corps organiza- 
tions, three years' service, were one ])attalion of cavalry, one regiment 
of artillerv, and live regiments, three battalions, and two independent 
companies of infantry. 



THREE YEARS' VOLUNTEERS. 



Ijike the Missouri militia of 1861, the three years' volunteers accepted 
into the service from that State durino- the early period of the civil 
war were enrolled and organized under the supervision of the United 
States militarv authorities. No specilic authority for their oro-aniza- 
tion has been found of record, but that such authority was g-lvon is 
shown bv the recorded correspondence. In a letter dated Mav 24, 
1861, addressed to the Secretary of War, Col. F. P. Blair, jr. (colonel 
of the First Missouri Militia, three months' service), referred to ''the 
four regiments assigned to ^Missouri for three rears' service." and to 
an "order requiring two-thirds of the officers to be appointed by the 
governor of the State," which order he said would not be complied 
with, "and the Government could not accept officers appointed In' a 
traitor under anv circumstances." Following is a copv of Colonel 
Blair's letter: ' . 

St. Locis, ]Mo., Man 24, -'•-W/. 
Hon. SiMox Cameron, Secretary of War: 

The fotir regiments assigned to Missouri for three years' service can easily be raised, 
but the order requiring two-thirds of the otticers to be appointed by the governor of 
tlie State will not l)e complied with, and the Government could not accept officers 
appointed by a traitor under any circumstances. 

As the bi'igade will be under connnand of General Lyon, will it not he best to 
allow him to nominate the othcers, sul)ject to the approval of the President? Send 
him tlie oi'dci' by telegra])h immediately. 

* ****** 

F. P. Blair, Jr. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. Ill, pp. 375, 
376.] 

Under date of June 1, 1861. Brig. Gen. Nathaniel Lyon, who had 
succeeded to the conuuand of the l)e])artm(Mit of the W(\st, addressed 
a letter to the President in which (subscribing himself as commanding 
the arsenal at St. Louis) he referred to *' four regiments for the three 
years' service" as the quota of the State of Missouri, and reconuiiended 
the acceptance of the "American Zouave Corps," of St. Louis, as an 
additional regiment. This letter is as follows: 

Arsenal, St. Louis, June 1, IS'U. 
His ExcelliMicy Ahrauam Lincoln, 

Pri'sidi'iit of the Vnited States. 
Dear Sir: The "American Zouave Corps," of St. Louis, composed of some of the 
liest young men of the city, have earnestly entreated me to rei-eive them into the 
United Stages service, which I regret I have not the ])ower to do. 

I have relVrreil them to Your Kxcellcucy, and Charles P. Johnson, esi]., one of 
their numlier. visits Washington City for the purpose of tendering the services of the 
regiment to tin- A<lmiiiistration for such time as may l>e retiuired by the public nece.s- 

]22 



THREE years' YOLITNTEERS. 123 

?itief^. You oau place full reliance upon the representations of Lieutenant JohnsDU, 
and I trust I may l)e perniitteil to hojie that the tender of this valuable corps, com- 
ing; as it does from this locality, will be accepted at once. If more than four regi- 
ments fur the three years' service are to be accepted from this State, it is important 
this should l)e known, and how many, as five reiiiments have already offered besides 
the above. At the request of parties interested the al)0ve is su))mitted to the 
President. 

Yery respectfully. N. Lvox, 

Brigadier-General of ]'oIuntcers, Cvmmanding. 
[503 W, A. (t. O., 1S61.] 

A similar letter was addressed to the President on the same da}' 
bv Colonel Blair. These letters were indorsed by the President as 
follows: 

I think the Zouave regiment ought to be received, for moral effect as well as for 
military purposes. It will be a counterpoise to the prejudice against the Germans. 
I refer the case to you [Att )rney-General] and Mr. Blair, as the special conunittee 
on ^Missouri. 

June 6, ISHI. 

[Ibid.] 

A letter on the sul)iect of the existing "prejudice against the Ger- 
mans," referred to in the President's indorsement, had been previously 
addressed to the Secretary of War ])y Brig. Oen. Willi;tm S. Flarney, 
General Lyon's predecessor in the coumiand of the Department of the 
West. Tliis letter, dated May 15, 1861, in which General Harne}^ 
recommended the organization of a regiment to consist "'exclusively of 
Irishmen,"' was indorsed by Colonel Blair, who concuried in General 
Harney's recommendation. Following is a copy of the letter and 

indorsement: 

p].\ST St. Locis, Ii.l., Muij 15, 1861. 
Hon. SiMox Camekox, Secretari/ of War: 

I think it of the utmost importance that an additional regiment, consisting exclu- 
sively of Irishmen, should be raised in St. Louis. It will at once settle matters in 
St. Louis and do away with the prejudice against the Government troops, which 
consist almost exclusively of Germans. 

AYm. S. Harxey, 
Brigadier-General, Commanding. 

I concur in the importance and ])olicy of General Harney's recommendations, and 
believe that it will end our troubles here and enalde our troops to do service else- 
where. 

Fraxk p. Blair, Jr., 
Colonel Firat Ilegivieni Missouri Volunteers. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confedei-ate Armies, Series I, Vol. Ill, pp. 
373-374.] 

No record has been found of a replv to General Harney's letter of 
May 15, 1861, or to Colonel P>lair's letter of ]May 24, 1801, but on 
Jiuie 7. 1861, the S(^cretary of War addressed General Lyon as 
follows: 

War Departmext, WaxJiington, June 7, 1861. 

Brig. Gen. X. Lvox, 

Contmandiug J//.s.s'o(/r/ Volunteers, Sf. Loni.^. 
Gexerai.: You are directed to muster in for the war the regiment known as the 
"American Zouaves." .Alorgan L. Smith, colonel. 

In explanation of orders heretofore given, it is proper to sav that it was intended 
to allow all the men already in service in ^Missouri to be nuistered in for the war, or 
others to be received in lieu of them for that term. 

SiMox Camekox. 
[503 W., A. G. 0., 186L] 



124 MISSOUKI TROOPS UNION. 

It will bs sssn th it, alth )u:i;h the original '* orders" or instruction.s 
have not baeii disL- )vered, th i military aLithorities at St. Louis were 
authorized to receive into the service of the United Stites for the 
three years' term ail of the militia and United States Reserve Corps 
troops then in service, or their equivalent, numbering- upward of 
10,0U0 men. This authorit\' was evidently given under the Presi- 
dent's call of May 3, 1861, for 42.034 volunteers. The (juestion as to 
the appointment of officers, raised in Colonel Blair's letter of May 24, 
istJl, appears to have ))een ignored. 

The organization of volunteer regiments for the long term was at 
once begun, th(^ First Missouri Militia being reorganized during the 
month of Jiuu\ 1861, and accepted into service for the period t)f three 
years under authoi'ity of (xeneral Lyon, by whom authority was also 
given for the organization of a number of new regiments. The work 
thus begun by General Lyon was contimied l>y his successor, Maj. 
Gen. John C. Fremont, who, on July 25, 1861. assumed command of 
the newly created Westei'n Department. 

Under date of August 5. 1861, the governor of the State, under the 
new State government, was authorized by the War Department to 
raise 15 regiments — 10 of infantry, 3 of cavalry, and 2 of artillery. 
This authority, Avhich was evidently given under the acts of July 22 
and 25, 1861, was conveyed in a letter of which the following is a 
copy : 

War Department, Waslnngtoii, Augusts, 1861. 
His Excellency H. R. (ta>[ble. 

8ik: Hon. F. P. Blair, jr., has tendered to this department 15 additional regiments, 
to be organized in Missouri, for the several arms of the service, as hereinafter stated. 
You are therefore authorized and empowered to raise and organize the 15 regiments 
referred to — 10 regiments of infantry, 3 regiments of cavalry, and 2 regiments of 
artillery — for the ser\ ice of the Unitetl States, to serve for three years or during the 
war. 

This department will exercise the right to revoke the cdnnnissions of all othcers 
who may be found incompetent for the proper discharge of their duties. You will 
promptly advise Adjutant-(feneral Thomas, at "Washington, the tlate at which your 
nun will le ready for nuistering, and he will detail an officer for that ])urpose, who 
will ])e instructed to muster by comjianies. 

\'ery respectfully, your ol)edient servant, 

Thomas A. Scott. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series III, Vol. T, ji. 388.] 

It does not appear that any action was taken by the State officials 
under this authority, th(» organization of Missouri troops, uiulertaken 
by Generals Lyon and Fivmont, Ixdng continued by the latter after 
the reoi'ganization of the State government and up to the time he was 
relieved from command, the officers being designated or ai)p()inted by 
him, notwithstanding the existence of a loyal State government, it 
appearing that, for some rca.son, the governor had declined to com- 
mission the officers. 

Besides creating numerous Home Guard and United Stat(\s Reserve 
Corps organizations, treatinl in this pa])or under separate^ lu>ads. Gen- 
eral Fremont. innntHliately u])on his assumption of the conmiandof the 
A\'(\stern DcpartmenL [)ro('eeded to authorize the organization of a 
largi^ force of volunteer troops, aggregating, with tiiose ])reviously 
authorized by General Lyon, al)()ut thirty n^ginuMits. Ix'sides inde- 
pendent companies and battalions. Tlu^ irregularities of his adminis- 
tration in the organization of corps not authorized by law, the accept- 



thiip:e years' volunteers. 125 

ance of others with unlawful conditions of service, and the unlawful 
exercise of the appointing- power, will be treated in a separate chapter. 

On Noveni])er 2, 18(51, General Fremont was relieved from the com- 
mand of the Western Department, and on November 11>, l.sHl. !Maj. 
Gen. H. W. Halleck assumed command of the newly organized 
Department of the Missouri. The methods adopted l)v General Hal- 
leck for the correction of existing irreguhirties will, like the irregu- 
larities themselves, be described in another chapter. One result of 
his action was to place the organization of ^Missouri volunteers whei'e 
it belonged — with the State authorities. 

The Secretary of War had, on December 3, ISOI. ordered that *•' no 
more regiments, batteries, or independent companies" be raised by 
the governors of Staters, except upon the special requisition of the 
War Department, and that those then forming in the several States be 
completed, under the direction of the respective governors thereof, 
unless it be deemed more advantageous to the service to assign the 
men already recruited to organizations then in the tield. (General 
Orders, No. 105, Headquarters of the Army, 1861.) 

On December 31, 18(51, evidently under theprovisionsof this order, 
the governor of Missouri, in special orders from State headciuarters, 
consolidated several fragmentary organizations, forming from them 
the Twenty-tirst and Twenty-sixth Missouri Volunteers, and on Jan- 
uary 2, 1862, General Halleck issued a general order (No. 4), in which 
he directed that "under General Orders, No. 105, Adjutant-Generars 
Othce, Washington. Deceml)er o, 1861,'' all corps of Missouri volun- 
tem-s not completed l)e reported to the governor for such action as he 
might deem expedient to adopt. 

These orders from the Statt^ and department headquarters were fol- 
lowed in quick succession by other orders from the State executive 
consolidating incomplete organiz 'tions, and from the military com- 
mander mustering out such organizations as had been acceyjted with 
unauthorized conditions of service, imtil the organization of the three 
years' volunteers was placed upon the basis required by law and the 
regulations of the War Department. 

The question of the issue of t-ommissions to officers of the Missouri 
volunteer regiments early received the attention of the majoi'-general 
connnanding the Department of the Missouri. Those officers had been 
mustered into service upon apointments received from General Fre- 
mont, or without regular appointments or commissions from an}- 
source, and the questionable status of the officers so serving not onW 
caused emljarrassment to the connnanding general but impaired the 
efficiency of the troops with which the officers were serving. 

On December 11, 1861, General Halleck nominated to the governor 
of the State the officers of the "Merrill Horse" (Second Cavalry) for 
commissions, to rank from the respective dates on which the officers 
were mustered into service in the grades for which they were recom- 
mended. On the same date an order was issued by the State execu- 
tive announcing, among other things, that commissions Avould not be 
issued to officers of ^Missouri volunteers in the service of the United 
States until authenticated copies of the muster-in rolls of the corps to 
which they belonged had been tiled in the office of the adjutant-gen- 
eral of the State. This order (General Orders, No. 1:, of the State of 
>Hssouri) was promulgated in General Orders, No. 31, Department of 



126 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

the Missouri, diited December •JO, LSOl, of which the foUowino- is ii 
copy : 

General Orders, \ HEAn(U'AHTi:Hs Dei'artmext of the MissorRi, 

Xo. 31. j St. Louis, December 20, 1861. 

The attention of Miasouri volunteers is called to the followint^ orders of the gover- 
nor of this State: 

"General Okueks, "i "HEAixiUARTEKs State of Missouri, 

\ " A I ).i cta xt-G exer a l' s Office, 

"Nd. 4. J ''St. Louis, Decciaher 14, 1861. 

"I. Conunissions will not be issueil to utticers of the Missouri volunteers in the 
service of the United States uiitil authenticated copies of the nuister-in rolls of the 
corps to which they belong shall have been tiled in the office of the adjutant-general 
of the State; nor will promotions or appointments to fill vacancies in any particular 
corps be made unless the commander thereof shall have transmitted to the same 
office a formal return, exhi])iting all changes which have taken jjlacein his command 
from the time of original muster uj) to and including the date of tlie event by which 
the vacancy sougiit to lie tilled was occasioned. 

"II. The major-geneial commanding the Department of the Missouri, having in 
view the better discipline and increased efficiency of the troops, has requested that 
applications for commissions or appi)intments in the Missouri volunteers .•^hall be sub- 
mitted to him for iiis approval tjefore l>eing considered by tlie governor. 

"This course will be adopted, and will l)e pursued as well in regard to the issue of 
commissions to officers now serving with the volunteers as to original appointments 
and promotions. 

"By order of the Commander in Chief: 

"Chester A. Hardixg, Jr., 

"J djntani- Geuerol. ' ' 

Authenticated copies of niuster-in rolls will be innnediately traiLsmitteil in coni- 
pUance with the above orders. 

By order of Major-General Ilalleck: 

J. C. Keltox, Asxistaiit Adjutaut-deneral. 

The neeessit}' for the immediate commissioning- of the otticers Avas, 
however, considered ))V General HaHeck to be so pressino- that he 
viro-ed u\)o\\ the governor the importance of recoiisiderino- his determi- 
nation to wait for authenticated copies of the rolls. The exigencies 
of the case as viewed t)v General Hal leek, and the necessity for ])rompt 
action on the part of the governor of the State, were stated by the 
former in a letter of which the following is a copy: 

St. Louis, Deceviiier 18, 1861. 
His Excellency \\. R. Gamble, 

Gorernor of Missouri. 

Goverxor: By a letter from your adjutant-general of this date I am informed 
that commissions will not Ije issued to officers of volunteers now in the service of 
the United States until authenticated copies of the muster-in rolls shall have been 
filed in the office of the adjutant-general of the State and other conditions are com- 
])Iied with. 

In many ca.ses it will be almost iiniio.ssible at the present time to prot-ure these 
authenticated copies for file, as required, as the troops are scattered on duty in vari- 
ous parts of the State, and months must elapse before such copies can be olttained 
from the paymaster, mustering officers, or the Adjutant-Cieneral at Washington. 

The ofiicers of these volunteer companies and regiments have liecn in active .serv- 
ice for niontlis under mere appointments, and some have been ])aid as such. lUit 
difliculties now arise in making such j)ayments, and the men in many cases, finding 
that the ofiicers have no commissions, refuse to ol)ey them. Moreover, it is doubt- 
ful whether such othcers, not l)eing commissioiitMl, can legally serve on courts-martial. 
These dithculties are beconnng of a very serious character, and threaten a total dis- 
organization of some of our best regiments; in some cases the men are on the verge 
of mutiny. 

These things call for a prompt remedy. It will not do to delay the matter for the 
sake of mere formalities. I have been working night and day to sujijily the defi- 
ciencies and to correct the irregularities. After one whole month's labor I havf in 
many cases been unable to jirocure muster-in rolls for my own ofiicers, and in order 
to expeihte matters I liave borrowed those filed with the paymaster. In no case 



threp: yeaks" vuluxteers. 127 

have I, or will I, recommend to you for commission any officer without satisfactory 
evidence of his having been in service from tlie time at which his conunission is to 
date. 

I nm satisfied, governor, that if you insist ui)on a strict compliance witli the tirst 
paragraph of your order No. 4, weeks, and perhaps months, must elapse before com- 
missions can i.ssue. In the meantime disorganization and want of di.sciiiHiie must 
increase. I may wish to send these regiments into the field in a very few days. 
If you refuse to commission the officers, how can tliey legally exercise command? By 
delaying these conunis.^ii)ns you delay the pacification of ^lissouri, and greatly 
embarrass all plans of ulterior ojjerations. 

I hope, governor, you will reconsider this matter and issue commissions as fa.st 
as I ol)tain satisfactory proof of the service and muster in of the officers. It is 
the only means of getting order out of chaos. 

Your" order is a very proper one for ordinary times and ordinary circumstances, 
but I most strenuously urge you to make an exception in the cases I submit to you 
as requiring innnediate action. • 

All information in regard to muster-in rolls and vacancies which I have is at the 
service of your adjutant-general. 

Permit 'me to repeat, governor, that the present condition of the troops here 
requires prompt action in this matter of commissions, and that delay may lead to 
the most serious results. 

Very respectfully, your ol)edient servant, II. W. H.\lleck, 

Mdjor-deiifral. 

[Book No. 18, Department of the Missouri, pp. 80-83.] 

Thi.s letter was followed by other letters from General Halleck, 
with which he sul)mitted lists of officers whom he desired to be com- 
missioned, not from the dates of muster in, as previously recommended 
in the case of the officers of the ^Merrill Horse, but from the dates of 
their enrollment, it appearinj^ that in many cases companies had been 
'■'full and ready for service long- before they were actually mustered." 
(Book No. 18, Department of the Missouri, p. 88.) 

The adjutant-g-eneral of Missouri, in his annual report to the gov- 
ernor of the State, dated December 31, 1868 (p. IT), states: 

The officers of all the regiments wliich were raised in ^lissouri were, as soon as 
the machinery of the State government was properly put in operation, commissioned 
by your excellency in due form. 

On January 1. 1862, according to the adjutant-generars report of 
that date, the Missouri volunteers in the service of the United States 
numbered o2, 821; but these included some organizations which were 
sul)se([uently mustered out of service by reason of unauthorized limi- 
tations in their contracts of service, besides several organizations, 
composed of citizens of other States, which were finally transferred 
to the States to which a majority of their members ])elonged. Of this 
latter class of troops the State adjutant-general says in his annual 
report of 1863, pag-e 18: 

Owing to the refusal of the Government to accept all the men who offered their 
services in the loyal States at the beginning of the war, large numbers of persons 
came to Missouri' to enlist, and in some instances nearly whole regiments were 
mustered into service, and denominated ^lissouri regiments, while their membei'S 
were, a large majority of them, residents of other States. As a result, upon the 
applit'ation, either of the governors of their States or of the organizations them- 
selves, the following regiments were transferred to other States, and lost their his- 
tory as Missouri troops: The Ninth Mi.-^souri Infantry was made the Fifty-ninth Illi- 
nois Infantry; the Thirteenth Missouri Infantry was made the Twenty-second r)hio 
Infantry; the Fourteenth Missouri Infantry or "Western Sharpshooters" was made 
the Sixty-sixth Illinois Infantry, and Schwartz's Battery transferred to Second Illinois 
Artillery. 

Continuing, the adjutant-general says in the same report, pag-e 18: 

These are all the transfers of organizations that have been made to other States, 
although in some of the present regiments of Missouri volunteers a majority of the- 



128 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

men have come from other States than Mir^.souri, l)ut in nearly all Huch, the number 
from the different States has been so equally (liviiled that they have preferred to 
retain their original d'l^sij'aation, rather thau lose th.:?ir history as .Missouri regi- 
ments. They have felt, ami still feel, a pride in Ijeing calle'l Missourians, for they 
can say with truth that no Missouri reginn'iit has yet been di-sijra-eil. 

It will be seen from the foreo'oing that on or before January 1, 
1S62, by reason of the reorganization of the State government and 
the cooperation of its officials with the United States military author- 
ities, the machinery for the org-anization of Missouri troops for the 
volunteer service and the appointment of their officers, had been 
placed in the hands of the State executive, where, under the law, it 
properly belonged, and that the irregularities of organization due to 
the unauthorized administrative action of one of the militarj' com- 
manders had, as far as practicable, been corrected. 

On July 1, l<So2, the President called for an additional force of 
300,000 men, and on July 7, 1862, the governor of Missouri was 
requested l\v the War Department to raise, as a part of the State's 
quota, four regiments of infantry to serve three years. Under this 
call, as stated by the adjutant-general of the State (Annual Report of 
1863; p. 18), seven regiments of infantr}^ and three regiments of cav- 
alry were raised, and an additional regiment of cavalry was organized 
under special authoritv of the War Department. 

Following the call of the President of Octol)er 17, 1863, for 300,000 
volunteers to till the ranks of the old regiments in the field, the com- 
manding general Department of the Missouri issued an order revok 
ing all authority l)efore given to recruit in Missouri for regiment.^ 
belonging to other States. Following is a copy of the order: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

No. 123. i *S'/. Louis, Mo., October 31, 1863. 

I. The governor of ^lissouri having received authoiity from the War Departmen 
to raise adilitional volunteer troops for the United States service, all authoiity here 
tofore given to recruit in ^lissouri for regiments belonging to other States is hereb; 
revoked. 

****** f! 

By command of ^Major-Cieneral Schotield: 

O. D. Greene, 
Assistant Adjulayit-General. 

An order was also issued by the governor of the State as follows 

General Orders, "l Headquarters State of Missouri, 

[• Adjutant-General's Office, 

No. 28. j St. Loui.'f, October 27, 1863. 

* * * * * * * 

III. As ]Missouri luust furnish its quota of troops under the President's late ca 
for ;(00,()00 men, it is imj)ortant that all recruiting within the Hunts of the Stat 
should be confined to ^Missouri regiments only; and, to this end, recruiting for regj 
ments of other States is stricthj forbirlden, and all persons engaged in such undertak 
\n<is ixra lierebi/ irarned that any recndf.'i which tliey may olttaiii will be taken from thei 
and placed in Mixxouri reyinients, and they themselves will l)e arrested ami punishe 
for violation of this order. 

By order of the Connnander in Chief: 

JouN B. Gray, Adjutant-Ueneral. 

[Annual Report Adjutant-General of Missouri, 1803, p. 41.] 

At the Ix'ginning of the year 1864 ])ut one regiment of Missouri 
volunteers, the Twelfth (javalry. was in process of organization. It 
was fully organized and turned over to the United States authorities on 
the 25th of March, 186-1:. (Annual Report Adjutant-General of Mis- 



THREE years' VOLUNTEERS. 129 

souri, 1864, p. 5.) On the 9th of June, 1864, in a letter of which the 
following is a copy, the governor of the State was authorized to raise 
two regiments of infantry: 

War Department, 
Provost-Marsh A l-Gener A l's Office, 

June 9, 1864. 
Governor op Missouri, St. Loui.9, Mo. 

Sir: On the recommendation of ]\Iajor-General Rosecrans by indorsement on a 
letter dated the 17th ultimo, from the Hon. H. S. Boyd, relative to raising additional 
troops for the protection of the southwest part of the State, you are hereby authorized 
to raise two regiments of volunteer infantry under the following conditions: 

First. The regiments to l)e recruited to serve three years or during the war, the 
recruitment to be conducted in the State of Missouri. 

Second. The regiments to be recruited without conditions as to place of service. 

Third. The first regiment must be completely organized and mustered into the- 
United States service before the second one is commenced. 

Fourth. The organization, musters, and recruitment of the force must conform 
strictly to the requirements of the nuistering and recruiting regulations, including 
(leneral Orders, No. 131, current series, from the Adjutant-General's Office. 

Fifth. The first regiment must be complete within the period of sixty days from 
the date of acceptance of this authority by you. 

I have the honor, etc., Jas. B. Fry, 

Pro vod-MuTnh al- Genera L 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series III, Vol. IV, p. 425.] 

It does not appear that either of the regiments thus authorized was 
raised. 

In December, 1863, authority "^vas given by the War Department for 
the rcenlistraent of members of the Missouri State Militia as veteran 
volunteers in the United States service, without conditions as to the 
place of their service, and on June 10, 1S61, the AVar Department 
luthorized the formation of regiments from the reenlisted men and 
:;uch other members of the State militia as should be willing to reenlist 
'or unconditional service. This authority was granted in a letter of 
which the following is a cop}" 

War Department, Adjutant-General's Office, 

Jnne 10, 1864. 
tiaj. Gen. W. S. Rosecrans, 

Commfoiding Department of the Missouri, St. Loim, Mo. 
General: In answer to your indorsement of the 1st instant relative to veterans 
nd reenlistments in and from the ^Missouri State INIilitia, the same having been sub- 
mitted to the War Department by his excellency the governor of Missouri, I am 
irected by the Secretary of War to communicate the following: 

I. You are authorized to collect the veteran volunteers reenlisted from the regi- 
lents of the ^Missouri State Militia and form tliem into a regiment, or in case the 
umber reenlisted is not sufficient to form a regiment, into a battalion. 

II. If there are other men in the regiments of Missouri State Militia who desire to 
.^enlist for unconditional volunteer service, they may do so, and will be received 
nder the following conditions: 

1. The number in each regiment wall be ascertained, discharged, and reenlisted 
)r three years or during the war. 

2. After the detachments from the respective regiments have been reenlisted they 
ill be collected and formed into one or more regiments, depending on the total num- 
er, one regiment, however, to be completely organized before an additional one is 
ommenced. 

3. The regiments as rapidly as formed will be mustered into service with minimum 
regimental organization. 

4. The men reenlisting will receive the bounty provided l)y law, namely, the $100 
authorized by the act of July, 1861 (General Orders, No. 49), the same to be paid under 
the regulations promulgated in General Orders, No. 163, series of 1863, from this 
office. 

S. Doc. 112 9 



130 MISSOURI TROOPS — UNION^. 

5. The (li-sfharges from the militia regiments and the musters into and formation 
of the new regiments will be under the direction of the commissary of musters for 
the department and his assistants. 

6. The new regiments as herein authorized will be organized and mustered into 
service in accordance with the requirements of the mustering regulations. 

I am, general, etc., 

E. D. ToWNSEXD, 

AKSvitant Adjutaid- General. 
[Ibid., p. 428.] 

Under the authority quoted above, general orders were issued by 
Major-General Roseorans, who had succeeded to the command of the 
Department of the Missouri, as follows: 

General Orders, 1 Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

No. 128. / .SY. Louis, Mo., .hily 22, 1864. 

Under instructions from the War Department (dated June 10, 1864) a regiment of 
veteran volunteer cavalry, to be designated the Thirteenth ^Missouri Volunteer Cav- 
alry, will be organized with as little delay as i)racticaljle, from the veterans of the 
Missouri State Slilitia force, and from sucli of the nonveterans of that force as choose 
to reenlist in the new organization, under the conditions prescribed in the letter of 
instructions. 

The veterans of the Sixth Missouri State Militia Cavalry, now at Benton Barracks, 
will constitute the nucleus of the new organization. The veterans of all the other 
regiments of the Missouri State Militia will be at once sent under commissioned offi- 
cers detailed by district commanders to Benton Barracks, for organization into com- 
panies, after which, should the exigencies of the service permit, all who have not 
heretofore recei\'ed it will receive the usual veteran furlough of thirty days. 

In each of the Missouri State Militia regiments a captain and first lieutenant will 
be selected by the commanding officer thereof to recruit in the regiment for the new 
organization. These officers will be selected with care as the best representatives of 
their grade in tlie regiment, and will be eligible for appointment in the new organi- 
zation should they succeed in securing enough recruits to form a company. These 
officers will report to Col. Jno. V. Du IjoIs, chief of cavalry of the department, from 
time to time, their success in recruiting, and when they have enough men to consti- 
tute a maximum cavalry company will receive further orders for the discharge and 
remuster of the men. 

The nonveterans who reenlist will be required to enlist for three years or the Avar, 
and receive the bounty of $100, provided by the act of Congress approved July 1, 
1861 (see General Orders of War Department, No. 49, of 1861), the bounty to be 
paid under the regulations promulgated in General Orders, No. 163, series of 1863. 
from the War Dejiartment. 

In the new regiment no men will be received with private horses. The mounts 
will be furnished by the Government. 

As a check upon improper selections of officers for the new regiment, it is to be 
understood that all officers may be at any time ordered before a board of officers for 
examination as to their qualifications and fitness for command. 

By command of Major-General Rosecrans: 

0. D. Greene, 
Assistant Adjrctant- General. 



General Orders, \ Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

No. 158. J St. Louu, Mo., August 31, 1864. 

So much of General Orders, No. 128, current series, from these headquarters, as 
directs the commanding officer of each of the Missouri State JNIilitia regiments to 
select a captain and first lieutenant to recruit in their respective regiments for the 
Thirteenth Regiment Missouri Veteran Cavalry is hereby revoked; recruiting details 
for this regiment will 1)0 made in future from these headquarters. 

All the reenlisted men (veterans and nonveterans) of the ^Missouri State Militia 
regiments who have reenlisted for the three years' service at the date of the receipt 
of this order will be sent at once, under suital)le conduct, with their descriptive lists, 
to Benton l'>arracks, Mo., to be organized into companies. 

Commanding officers of regiments and detachments will report h\ telegrai>h to 
these headquarters the number of men who have reenlisted in their respective com- 
mands, and who are to be sent to Benton Barracks under the provisions of this order. 

By command of Major-General Rosecrans: 

0. D. Greene, ' 
Assistant Adjutant- General and Chief of Staff. 



THKEE years' VOLUNTEERS. 131 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

No. 162. i St. Louis, Mo., September?, 1864. 

The organization of the Thirteenth Missouri Vohinteer Cavah-y having been com- 
pleted, another regiment will at once be organized under the same authority, and 
under the same general conditions governing in the organization of the Thirteenth 
(see General Orders, 128, from these headquarters), which will be designated as. the 
Fourteenth Missouri Volunteer Cavalry. 

Officers will be detailed from these headquarters for recruiting for the regiment 
from the Missouri State ]\Iilitia. Applications for permission to recruit will be for- 
warded to these head(iuarters through the ordinary channel. 

Oflicers receiving recruiting details will at once signify their wishes with regard to 
entering the new regiment; ]>ut, whether desiring commissions therein or not, will 
enter vigorously upon the duty and continue thereupon until duly relieved. They 
will make frequent reports direct to these headquarters as to their success in recruiting. 

Nonveterans of the ^Fissouri State Militia are officially informed that no effort will 
be spared to make this one of the very best regiments raised in the State, and that 
no officers will be recommended foi- or appointed to positions in it who have not 
tried and approved qualifications for their respective grades. 

In addition to his present duties. Col. E. C. Catherwood, of the Thirteenth Mis- 
souri Cavalry, is (temporarily) assigned to the duty of organizing the regiment. 
Benton Barracks is designated as the regimental rendezvous, and to that point all 
veterans and reenlisted nonveterans of the Missouri State ]Militia force not absorbed 
by the organization of the Thirteenth will be sent by district commanders without 
further orders. 

District, regimental, and post commanders are charged to exert themselves to give 
this order early promulgation to all under their command, and to facilitate all proper 
efforts of recruiting officers in securing men. ' 

By command of Major-General Rosecrans: 

O. D. Greene, 
Assistant Adjutant- General and Cliief of Staff. 

Under the authority of the War Department and the orders from 
the department couniiander one regiment, the Thirteenth Cavalry, was 
organized, and another regiment, the Fourteenth Cavalry, was par- 
tially completed. Of this latter regiment the adjutant-general of the 
State says in his annual report of 1865, pages 4, 5: 

The Fourteenth Cavalry, under the supervision of the department connnander, was 
in process of organization at the date of the last report by the transfer of such veterans 
of the ^Missouri State ^Militia as had not been assigned to the Thirteenth Cavalry. 
There not being a sufficient number of these veterans to complete the regiment, 
authority was obtained to fill it up by volunteering under the laws governing the 
general recruiting service. Nine companies were [had been] mustered in at the time 
of the suspension of enlistments, April 13, 1865. 

The Fourteenth Cavalry was the last regiment raised in the State of 
Missouri for three years' service. 

Under date of January 30, 1865, authority was given by the War 
Department to raise six regiments, composed of men enlisted for 
one, two, or three years, as the recruits might elect (Annual Report 
Adjutant-General of Missouri, 1865, p. 6), but the suspension of hos- 
tilities soon followed and recruiting ceased, the recruits procured 
under the authority of Januarj' 30 being formed into one regiment, 
the Fifty-tirst Missouri Infantr3\ 

In this chapter no attempt has ])een made to show the eti'orts put forth 
by the State authorities to secure recruits for the old regiments in 
the held to till the quotas of the State under the various calls of the 
President, the contemporaneous action of the State officials in the 
organization of regiments for short periods of service, or the action 
of the United States officials in the drafting of recruits under the 
enrollment acts. The object has been to show in a general way the 
history of the organization of the three j^ears' regiments of Missouri 
volunteers in service during the civil war. That they rendered gal- 



132 MISSOURI TROUFS UNION, 

lant service in defense of the Union is al^undantly shown by the official 
records. 

As to the status of these troops in general, no comment is necessary 
beyond the mere statement of the fact that the}^ were in the military 
service of the United States and that the surviving members of the 
force, and the heirs of those deceased, are entitled to all of the benefits 
accruing- from such service. 

It is true that under the administration of Major-General Fremont 
some organizations not authorized l)y law were received into the mili- 
tar}" service of the United States, but the unauthorized organizations 
were promptl}^ disbanded or converted into organizations having a 
legal basis, or were, as in the case of the engineer troops, pioneers, 
and sappers and miners, subsequently legalized by act of Congress. 
This act, approved Jul}' 17, 1862, is as follows: 

AN ACT to define the pay and emoluments of certain officers of the Army, and f(ir other purposes. 
****♦*♦ 

Sec. 20. Ami he if further enacted, That the different regiments and independent 
companies heretofore mustered into the service of the United States as volunteer 
engineers, pioneers, or sajipers and miners, under the calls of the President or Secre- 
tary of War, or by authority of the connnanding general of any military de]iartment 
of the United States, or which, having l)een mustered into the service as infantry, 
shall have been reorganized and employed as engineers, pioneers, or sajijiers and 
miners, shall be, and the same are hereby, recognized and accepted as volunteer 
engineers, on the same footing, in all res])ects, in regard to their organization, pay, 
and emoluments, as the Corps of Engineers of the Regular Army of the United 
States, and they shall be paid for their services, already jierformed, as is now pro- 
vided by law for the ])ayment of othcers and noncommissioned officers and privates of 
the Engineer Corps of the Regular Army. 

Approved, July 17, 1862. 

[12 Stat. L., pp. 594-597.] 

As regards the officers appointed by General Fremont to the organi- 
zations formed by him and those mustered into service without api)oint- 
ments or commissions, they were finally commissioned by the governor 
of the State; and with regard to the nunc i)ro tunc action of the gov- 
ernor in giving or attempting to give them rank from dates prior to 
the issue of their commissions, it is necessary only to remark that the 
remuster act of February 21, 1897, authorizes recognition and pay- 
ment for service rendered with duly authorized commands from the 
dates of rank given in commissions issued b}^ competent authority. 

The status of the general and staff officers and persons appointed 
b}' General Fremont to offices which had no legal existence need not 
be here considered. 

Of the Tlii-ee Years' Volunteers, 15 regiments, 10 battalions, and 2 
independent companies of cavalry, 1 regiment of engineers. 2 regi- 
ments and () batteries of artillery, 11 regiments and 1 battalion of 
infantry, 4 companies of pioneers, sap]:)ers and miners, and a compan}' 
designated a ''Telegraph Corps" were ])artially or completely' organ- 
ized. Some of these were disbanded after a short period of service 
because of their illegal organization or because of an uidawful limita- 
tion in their contracts of service; some were consolidated to form com- 
plete organizations, and others were transferred to the States from 
which a majority of their ineml)ers were recruited. As finally reor- 
ganized and h(>ld to service as Missouri volunteers the force included 
18 regiments of cavalry. 2 regiments of artillery, 1 regiment of engi- 
neers, and 28 regiments of infantry. Tiiese do not include the United 
States Reserve Corps regiments organized for three years' service, 
which are treated under their appropriate title. 



SIX OR TWKLVE MONTHS' VOLUNTEERS. 



Under date of Auoust 6, 1861, Hon, John S. Phelps and Hon. Frank 
P. Bhiir, jr., members of the House of Representatives from the State 
of jNIissouri, addressed to the President a letter, in which the}' recom- 
mended the organization of a volunteer force to serve for six months, 
''to be employed in preserving- peace and quiet" in the State of Mis- 
souri, to repel threatened invasion, ""'to remove the seat of war from 
among the people of that State to the southward, to invade Arkansas, 
and to keep the Indians west of that State under subjection." Fol- 
lowing is a copy of the joint letter of Messrs. Phelps and Blair on 
this subject: 

The President. 

Sir: An invasion of the State of Missouri by troops under the command of (gen- 
eral MoCulloch has taken place. Other invasions of that State are threatened by 
troops from the States of Arkansas and Tennessee. 

We recommend you receive into the service of the United States from the State of 
Missouri troops to serve for six months, to be employed in preserving peace and quiet 
in that State, and to repel the threatened invasion, and to remove the seat of war from 
among the people of that State to the southward, to invade Arkansas, and to keep the 
Indians west of that State under subjection. 

If this suggestion shall be adojited I recommend 5,000 stand of improved arms in 
addition to those already sent to Missouri be forthwith sent, with a proper supply of 
clothing, camp and tent equipage, ammunition, and means with which to obtain 
commissary and other quartermaster sui)plies, and also medical suiiplies, etc. 

Arms for cavalry and equipments should also be furnished for a battalion or regi- 
ment of mounted men, to be raised in southwest Missouri, in addition to the arms 
before mentioned. Arms will be needed when Arkansas shall be invaded to arm 
men of that State who are Union men and willing to enter the military service of the 
United States. 

The munitions of war we have mentioned we think should be sent to Springfield, 
Mo., for use at that point and its vicinity. 

John S. Phelps. 
Frank P. Blair, Jr. 

House of Eepresextatives, August 6, 1861. 

[P. 157, Book Xo. 2, Secretary of War.] 

This letter wa.s indorsed b}' the President as follows: 

Executive Mansion, August 7, 1861. 
HonoraV)le Secretary of War. 

My Dear Sir: The within paper, as you see, is by Hon. John S. Phel])S and Hon. 
Frank P. Blair, jr., both members of the present Congress from Missouri. The 
object is to get up an efficient force of Miasouriuns in the southwestern part of the 
State. It ought to be done, and Mr. Phelps ought to have general superintendence 
of it. I see by a private report to me from the Department that eighteen regiments 
are already accepted from Missouri. Can it not be arrangeil that )>(iii of them (not yet 
organized, as I understand) may be taken from the locality mentioned and put 

133 



134 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

under the control of 'Sir. I'lu'lj)!?? And let bini have discretion to accept them for 
a shorter term than three years, or the war; understanding, however, that he will 
get them for the full term if he can. I hope this can lie done, because Mr. Phelps 
is too zealous and etiicient, and understands his ground too well fcr us to lose his 
services. Of course provision for arming, equipping, etc., must be made. Mr. 
Phelps is here and wishes to carry home with him authority for this matter. 
Yours, truly, 

A. Lincoln. 

Under the authority of the Pre.sident embodied in the indorsement 
quoted above, Mr, Phelp.s was authorized by the Acting Secretary of 
War to organize live regiments of infantry and one regiment of cavalry, 
to serve six months or such longer period, not exceeding the duration 
of the war, as the men might elect. This authority was granted in a 
letter of which the following is a copy: 

War Department, Augusts, 1861. 
Hon. John S. Phelps, Spi'iiigjjcld, Mo. 

Sir: By direction of the President of the United States, I am authorized to accept 
from you five regiments of infantry and one regiment of cavalry for six months, or 
such longer period, not exceeding the duration of the war, as the respective regi- 
ments may be enlisted for — the several regiments to be ready for marching orders 
within sixty days from this date. 

This accejitance is with the distinct understanding that this Department will revoke 
the commissions of all officers who may be found incompetent for the proper dis- 
charge of their duties. 

You will promptly advise Adjutant-General Thomas the earliest day at which your 
regiments will be ready for mustering, and he will issue the necessary instructions 
to muster by companies and to subsist the men. 

Your requisitions for arms and equipments should be made to Quartermaster-Gen- 
eral Meigs and General Ripley, Chief of Bureau of Ordnance, without delay. 
I am, sir, very resiaectfully, your obedient servant, 

Thomas A. Scott, 

Acting iSccretani of War. 
[Military Book, No. 45, p. 239.] 

On August 9, 1861, Mr. Phelps addressed Major-Cxeneral Fremont, 
commanding the Western Department, on the subject of his project as 
follows: 

Washington City, August 9. 1S61. 
Maj. Gen. John C. Fremont, St. Louis, Mo. 

Gknkkal: I made representation to the President that I was desirous to raise in 
southwest ^Missouri tive regiments of infantry and one regiment of cavalry to serve in 
Mi.ssouri, in Arkansas, and the Indian conntry west of Arkansas, with the distinct 
understanding tliat these troops sh(iuld l)e so stationed that on lirst Monday of 
November all who were (lualitied to vote might vote in State election for State offi- 
cers and on (juestion of ratifying the acts of the convention. I desire to organize 
these troops as a brigi'de under our State law and shall serve with them. I wish to 
command these troops. They will compose a part of your army and I ilcsire your 
cordial approval of this movement. 

I could not perceive that tliis arrangement could in the least embarrass, l)ut on the 
contrary would aid yon. The Home (uiards, as you are aware, have not a legal organi- 
zation. Not an otiicer of those guai'<ls is conunissioned. Untlerour State law I pro- 
pose the oflicers of these troojis shall he i-ommissiont-d. 

Inclosed you have a copy of the letter of Acting Secretary of War to me. 

I have a i)rospect of obtaining some Enfield rifles, but may be disappointed. lam 
waiting for arms, and if I do not get them before I leave fear I will not get them. I 
wish to obtain the be.st arms I can, as the men who I expect will enter the service are 
accustomed to the use of firearms and in a short time can be made good soldiers. 
Yours, respectfully, 

John S. Phelps. 

I shall come to St. Louis as soon as I can, consistent with the object I have in 
view. If (ieneral Lyon can maintain his position at Sjjringfield I can raise the troops 
in a short time, but if he shall be compelled to retire and the country shall be occu- 
pied by the enemy, I shall ))e delayed in the raising of troops. 



SIX OR TWELVE MONTHS^ VOLUNTEERS. 135 

Will you request Governor Gamble to aid me in this matter? I wrote him yester- 
day. I have no doubt he will aid me. Will send him a copy of letter of Secretary 
of War to me. 

Phelps. 

[1268, V. S., 1881.] 

No further correspondence relative to the proposed organization of 
a military force by Mr. Phelps has been found of record, but it appears 
that he succeeded in organizino- one regiment or battalion of eight 
companies, of which he was conunissioned colonel by the governor of 
the State. This regiment, known as Phelps's Regiment, iSIissouri 
Volunteers, was organized at Rolla, 'Mo. , during the fall of 18^51, and 
was mustered into the service of the United States for the period of 
six months. It was actively engaged against the enem}^, participat- 
ing in the ])attle of Pea Kidge, Ark. 

This regiment has been classed as a cavalry regiment l)y the adjutant- 
general of Missouri, but there is nothing in the rolls or other records 
of the regiment to show that it was mounted. 

During the summer of 1864, while the invasion of the State of Mis- 
souri by the Confederate General Price was impending, and in prep- 
aration for the defense of the State against the expected invasion, it 
was found expedient to organize volunteer regiments for service 
during the period of twelve months, or to accept them for six months' 
service if they could not be procured for the longer term. 

It appears that the question of the organization of a number of six 
months' regiments was discussed at a personal interview between the 
Secretary of War and the governor of Missouri in June, 1861 (Annual 
Report Adjutant-General of Missouri, 1861, p. 7), but for some reason 
the desired authority was not then granted. Later, hoAvever, on July 
18, 1861, the conditions of the State had become so threatening that 
Major-General Rosecrans, commanding the Department of the Mis- 
souri, telegraphed the Secretarv of War suggesting that if additional 
troops could not otherwise be procured, authority ])e given for the 
organization of a force of Missouri volunteers for the defense of the 
State. Following is a copy of his telegram: 

St. Louis, Jubj IS, 1S64. 
Hon. E. M. Stanton: 

I regret to say matters in north ^Missouri are very disturbed and threatening. 
Union men are fleeing from the river counties and central part of the State. The 
malcontent sj^irits, and uprising of l)ushwhackers, with threats from the cons])ira- 
tors, are ominous of evil. The robbery of four towns, and the hanging of nine Union 
men in one of them, compelled me to take the First Iowa Cavalry Veterans, on their 
way down to ]Memphis, to give temporary relief over there. Informing you of these 
things, I suggest that we will be obliged to have some other troops here, and if noth- 
ing better can be done, the state of things would be best met from our own resources, 
by authority from me to accept the services of, say, 5,000 volunteers for the defense of 
the State, in companies, to be armed, equipped, and paid by the Government. 

W. S. RosECK.XNs, Major-General. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XLI; Part 
II, p. 234.] 

To this telegram the Secretar}' of War replied: 

Washington, D. C, Jubj 18, 1S64. 
Major-General Rosecrans: 

Your telegram of this date has been received and submitted to the President for 
his directions, which will be communicated to you immediately upon their being 
given by him. 

Edwin M. Stanton, 

Secretary of War. 
[Ibid., p. 235.] 



136 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

On July 22, 18G-i, General Rosecrans again invited the attention of 

the Secretaiy of War to the pvessinj^ need of troops in Missouri. 

He said: 

Headquarters, St. Louis, Mo., July 22, 1864. 
Hon. Edwix ]M. Staxtox, Secretary of War: 

What I feared and telegraphed you about has come to pass. We are having a 
very serious rising in north Missouri, and have grave reason to think a powerful 
cooperative raid may come from Arkans^as. The following rel)el officers are north 
of the river: General .Tackman, Colonels Thornton, Perkins, White, and Percy. Thej' 
are reported at Plattsburg and Kingston with 2,000 men yesterday. We had only 
eight companies of INIissouri State Militia cavali-y north of the river when the move- 
ment began. 1 have sent two fractions bf regiments of veterans ui> by the North 
Missouri Railroad. You must bear in mind that the stores, depots, arsenal, etc., of 
this place are now mainly guarded Ijy raw militia called out for thirty days. It will 
be sutliciently obvious how this stands as a matter of military prudence. I think I 
have established some credit for prudence and foresight, and in my judgment I 
ought to have some troops from abroad to guard this depot and the prisons, and 
authority to call out and arm volunteers for some definite period in consonance with 

law and policy to meet exigencies which may arise. 

******* 

- W. S. RosECRAXs, Major-Genrrah 
[Ibid., p. 332.] 

And on the following day, July 23, 1864, General Rosecrans was 
authorized to "'call out and arm for service,'"" for such yjeriod as in his 
opinion the exig-ency might recpiire, "such force of volunteers''' in his 
department as might be deemed necessary for " its security and for the 
protection of the depots, prisons, and public property therein." This 
authorit}' was given in a letter of which the following is an extract: 

Washixgtox, D. C, Jnhi 23, 1864. 
Major-General Rosecraxs: 

The Secretary of War directs me to inform you that you are authorizeil to call out 
and arm for service, for such jieriod as in your opinion the exigency may retjuire, 
such force of volunteers in your department as may be deemed necessary for its 
security and for the protection of the dejiots, prisons, and public property therein, 
reporting to the Adjutant-General a copy of «uch call, and making upon the i>roper 
bureaus requisitions for arms and supplies. * * * The Secretary further direct 
me to say that there are not any troops at the disposal of tlie Department that can be 
sent you from aliroad, and tliat if there were any they would be sent. He directs 
that you connnunicate to Major-General Canliy, con)manding the division to which 
your department belongs, the military ^ondition and necessity of your dejiartment, 
in order that he may render you any aid and supply any force that may ])e in his 
power. 

Yj. D. TowxsExi), 
A ssistant A (tjutaut- ( lenrrol. 

[Ibid., p. 358.] 

Upon the receipt of this authority, and after a conference with the 
governor of the State (Animal Report Adjutant-General of Missouri, 
1864, p. 11), (jeneral Rosecrans issued a general order calling for 
"■ nine regiments of six and twelve months' volunteers," the regiments 
to be recruited for twelve months' service if they could lie promptly 
raised for that period; otherwise to l)e accepted for six months. Fol- 
loAving is a copy of the order: 

Gexerai, Orders, \ HEAixjrAHTERs Department of the Mi.ssoiri, 

No. 134. i St. Louis, Mo., July 28, 1864- 

Missoyrinns: 

I. Rebel officers and soldiers from Price's army liave been sent or permitted to 
come among you to recruit, rol), plunder, and nuirder, as best they can, in violation 
of the laws of war and of humanity. Sj)read over the country, with robbers and 
desperailo(.'s from home and abroad, they carry spoliation, terror, and death into dis- 



SIX OR TWEi/VE months' volltnteers. 137 

tricts where peace and quiet should reign undisturbed, and they add to the distress 
of the people whom they drive to the lirush, or compel to abandon their crops and 
avocations, and to stand tjuard over their own lives — by terrorism— by threatening 
them with raids from Shelby and Marmaduke, or the invasion of the State by the 
rebel army. 

To enable you to cope with small, roving squads of guerrillas, the commanding 
general urged you, in General Order 107, to organize, and select trustw<jrthy com- 
panies of your "citizens, to ])e armed and empowered to act as Provisional Enrolled 
Militia for" local defense, and trusts you will complete the roils, carefully revise, and 
submit them, through the channels i>rescribed, for his approval, without delay. 

But to meet emergencies and outbreaks, like those in north Missouri, and to be 
prepared for future threatened dangers, without the distressing, expensive, and incon- 
venient resort to calling out the militia (jn every occasion, he has received authority 
from the War Department to call out such number of volunteers, and for such periods 
of service as he may deem necessary. 

Under this authority he calls on the gallant and loyal people of Missouri for nine 
regiments of six mul tu'elre months' rohmtei'rs, to be organized and mustered into the 
United States service at the following designated points: 

Two regiments at Benton Barracks, St. Louis, Mo. 

One regiment at St. Joseph, Mo. 

One regiment at INIacon, ^lo. 

One regiment at Hannibal, Mo. 

One regiment at Rolla, I\Io. 

One regiment at Pilot Knob, Mo. 

One regiment at Sedalia, INIo. 

One regiment at Si)ringfield, Mo. 

In all cases these regiments will be recruiteil for twelve months' service when thej^ 
can be promptly raised for that period; otherwise they will be accepted for six months. 

II. Organizations of Vfjlunteers Ijy companies, or half comi)anies, whether from 
the militia or elsewhere, reporting tri the district commander, will l)e at once accepted, 
subject to the United States Mustering Regulations, and on his a])i)roval mustered 
into the service of the I'nited States by the otiicers assigned for that jnirjiose. The 
officers will be connnissioned by the governor, on the recommendation of the I'nited 
vStates district commander, with the api>roval of the general commanding the depart- 
ment. 

III. Field officers of regiments and 1 )attalions, on like recommendation and approval, 
will be commissioned and mustered in, so soon as their commands have the legal 
numbers. 

IV. The assistant commissaries of musters of districts are assigned to duty as 
mustering-in officers for this organization, and will make their reports in that con- 
nection direct to Col. E. B. Alexander, United States Army, superintendent volunteer 
recruiting service for the State. 

V. Volunteers or militia now in service under the recent emergencies have the 
thanks of the connnanding general for their prompt and patriotic response to the call 
of the country in which they have periled life, serving at their own expense; and 
are infoi*med that as far as practicable they will l)e mustered in to cover the period 
of their actual service as citizens. 

VI. The commanding general calls attention to the great importance to all con- 
cerned of selecting for olficers none but capa))le, brave, loyal, honest, sober, and 
industrious and law-al)iding men. He hopes that every word of this may be fully 
weighed, assuring them that in his experience most of the demoralization, suffering, 
and inefficiency which it has been his lot everywhere to see has arisen from not tak- 
ing due precaution in the selection of officers. Let soldiers beware especially of goo<I, 
easy fdloii's, who have not the independence and energy of character to command. 
Misery, demoralization, and favoritism will be their lot under all such commanders. 

VII. United States district commanders will give strict attention to this, aiding in 
the selection, and recommending none without satisfactory evidence of fitness for 
command. 

VIII. The organization of these troops will be under the direction of the adjutant- 
general of the State, and correspondence, rolls, and recommendations for commissions, 
approved by the L^nited States district commanders, as has V)een directed, will be 
addressed to Brig. Gen. John B. Gray, adjutant-general, St. Louis, Mo. 

IX. District connuanders will make the necessary requisitions for arms, clothing, 
camp and garrison equipage and subsistence, and supply these volunteers in accord- 
ance with general orders and Army Regulations. 

The commanding general confidently expects a prompt and cordial response to 



138 MISSOUEI TROOPS — UNION. 

this call, and invokes the efforts of the entire loyal people, uniting with their gov- 
ernor and the department commander to have these troops ready for service in a 
very few days. 

By command of Major-General Rosecrans: 

O. D. Greexe, Assistcmt A(l'ndant-Ge)ieral. 

It will be observed from the terms of this order that the officers of 
the new rej^'iments were to be commissioned by the governor of the 
State, upon the reconmiendation of United States district command- 
ers, with the approval of the commanding general of the Department 
of the Missouri. 

On August 1, 1804, General Rosecrans advised the War Depart- 
ment that he had called for nine regiments of twelve months' volun- 
teers, and would probabl}^ call for three more if they could be raised. 
Following is a cop}^ of his telegram of that date: 

St. Loris, Mo., AuguM 1, 1864. 
Col. E. D. TowNSEXD, Asshtant Adjutant-Geneml: 

I have already called for nine regiments of twelve months' volunteer infantry, and 
will probably call for three more if they can be raised. With these we shall be able to 
organize the Missouri State Militia now in service and enforce the draft. 

W. S. Rosecrans, Major-Gimeml. 
[Ibid., p. 504.] 

On the 0th of August a general order was issued from State head- 
quarters concerning the details of organization and announcing the 
designations of the regiments to be formed. This order reads as 
follows: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters State of Missouri, 

y Adjutant-General's Office, 

No. 30. j St. Louis, August 9, 1864. 

I. Inasmuch as many inquiries are daily being made regarding the details of the 

organization of the regiments which are ])r()posed to l)e raised in this State, under 

General Orders, No. l.'M, current series, lieadquarters Dei)artment of the ^Missouri, 

the following announcement is made for the information of all concerned: ..r;J 

First. The above-named regiments will be organized and mustered into service as 
iiifantry regiments, and ui)on the authorized infantry l;)asis. No cavalry regiments 
are permitted to ])e raised, and no authorization to raise regiments, or ])arts of regi- 
ments, for that arm of the service, can, therefore, be made. This restriction will 
not, however, prevent the general connnanding the department from mounting such 
portion of the force as he may deem necessary for scouting purposes, etc.; and as the 
pay and enioluments of the cavalry and the infantry S(;ldier are made alike by the 
late act of Congress, no objection to enlistments in tliis respect can be offered. 

Second. Regiments or <-ompanies will be accepted for either six or twelve months 
from date of muster. The latter term is, however, to l)e |)referred, inasmuch as 
each person so enlisting will be credited to the quota of his locality u]ion the 
api)roaching draft, and will receive from the United States a bounty of S^iOO t\ir such 
enlistment, in addition to any local Iwnnty that maybe offered. On the other hand, 
six-months' men receive no bounty; can not be credited to the quotas of their respect- 
ive localities, although they will be individually exempt from draft while they are 
in the rnited States service, if such exemjition is duly claimed. 

Third. The following regimental organizations have been decided upon, together 
with their coiiimaiuling oHicers and places of rendi'zvous; and their recruitment and 
formation will l)e governed by existing orders and regulations controlling tiie United 
States recruiting service: 

The Thirty-ninth Regiment Missouri Volunteers, Col. E. A. Kutzner, to rendez- 
vouz at HaiHiihal, Mo. 

The Fortieth Regiment ^Missouri Volunteers, Col. Samuel A. Holmes, to rendez- 
vous at St. L«)uis, Mo. 

Tlie Forty-first Regiment Mi.^souri Volunteers, Col. J. Weydemeyer, to rendezvous 
at St. Louis, Mo. 

The Forty-second Regiment Missouri Volunteers, Col. R. .1. F.berman, to rendez- 
vous at Macon City, Mo. 



SIX OR TWELVE MONTHS' VOLUNTEERS. 139' 

The Forty-third Regiment Missouri Vokmteers, Col. Chester Harding, jr., to ren- 
dezvous at St. Joseph, Mo. 

The Forty-fourtli Regiment Missouri Vohinteers, Col. R. C. IJradshaw, to rendez- 
vous at St. Joseph, Mo. 

The Forty-fifth Regiment JNIissouri Volunteers, Col. T. A. Switzler, to rendezvous 
at Warrensburg, ]\Io. 

The Forty-sixth Regiment Missouri Volunteers, Col. S. H. Boyd, to rendezvous at 
Springfield, Mo. 

The Forty-seventh Regiment Missouri Volunteers, Col. T. C. Fletcher, to rendez- 
vous at Pilot Knob, Mo. 

The Forty-eighth Regiment Missouri Volunteers, Col. W. H. Blodgett, to rendez- 
vous at Rolla, Mo. 

The Forty-ninth Regiment Missouri Volunteers, Col. D. P. Dyer, to rendezvous at 
Warrenton, Mo. 

By order of the Commander in Chief: 

John B. Gr.w, Adjutant-General. 

[Annual Report Adjutant-General of Missouri, 1864, p. 12.] 

The people of the State responded promptly, and the nine regiments 
called for, besides the Fiftieth Reo'iment, which was also authorized, 
were speedil}- organized and placed in the ticld, participating in the 
defense of the State against invasion, and some of them were subse- 
quently sent to distant fields of service outside of the State of Missouri. 
Four of the regiments (the Fortieth, Forty-first, Forty-third, and 
Forty-ninth) were mustered into service for twelve months, six (the 
Thirty-ninth, Fortj'-second, Forty-fourth, Forty-fifth, Forty-eighth, 
and Fiftieth regiments) were mustered in for different periods of 
service, six and twelve months, and two (the Forty-sixth and Forty- 
seventh regiments) were accepted for the period of six months. 

As the terms of service of the six-months'' men approached comple- 
tion the adjutant-general of the State applied to the War Department 
for authority for their reenlistment for another term of six months, 
'dating from their original enlistments, thus entitling the men to the 
Government bounty and giving the State credit for their services as 
twelve months' men, no credit being allowed on the quota of the State 
for six months' enlistments. Following is a cop}^ of the letter of the 
adjutant-general on this subject: 

Headquarters State op Missouri, 

Adjutant-General's Office, 

St. Louis, January 17, 1865. 
Hon. E. M. Stanton, Secretary of IIV/*-. 

Sir: Applications are being made to this office to allow the men who enlisted for 
six months under General Orders, No. 184, from headquarters Department of the 
Missouri, dated July 28, 1864, to reenlist for six months and be considered twelve 
months' men, dating from their first enlistment, allowing them bounty and giving 
the State credit for them as twelve months' men. The term of service of the six 
months' men organized under the above order will ex))ire during the next three 
months. They did good service in this State during the recent invasion by (leneral 
Price. Four of the regiments are now in the army of General Thomas in Tennessee. 
I respectfully ask that an order be made permitting them to reenlist for six months 
longer, giving them bounty and crediting the State with them from the date of their 
first enlistment. 

I am, very respectfully, your oljedient servant, 

Sa.muel p. Simpson, 

Adjutant- General. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series III, Vol. IV, p. 1058.] 

It was evidently a matter of considerable interest to the State that 
this request should be granted, in view of the impending draft under 
the President's call of December 19, 1864, for 300,000 men, l)ut the 



140 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

request was not favoral)!}' considered b}' the War Department, as 
evidenced ))y the following- from the Provost-Marshal-General: 

Washington, D. C, January 27, 1865. 
Adjctant-Gexeral of jMi.ssouri, St. Louis, Mo.: 

It is not deemed expedient to authorize the six months' men to reenlist for six 
months longer, as requested in your letter of January 17. 

James B. Fry, Provost-Marshal- General. 
[Ibid., p. 1086.] 

It will be seen from the foregoing that, including- Phelps's regiment, 
organized in istil, eleven regiments of six or twelve months' volunteers 
were organized in the State of Missouri during the civil war. Their 
status was that of volunteers in the militar}" service of the United 
States. 



ONE, TWO, OR THREE YEARS' VOLUNTEERS. 



On December 19, 1864, the President issued a proclamation calling- 
for 300,000 volunteers to serve for one, two, or three years, the quota 
of the State of Missouri being- 13,981:. (Official Records of the Union 
and Confederate Armies, Series III, Vol. IV, p. 1002.) 

To meet this requisition several propositions were made by the State 
authorities. The adjutant-general of the State, in a personal interview 
with the Secretar}^ of War, otlered, verbally, a plan for the reorganiza- 
tion of theoldcavahy regiments of Missouri Volunteers by their recruit- 
ment from the Missouri State Militia. Returning from Washington 
to St. Louis he made his proposition in the form of a letter, dated 
December 24, 1864, of which the following is a cop}^: 

Headquarters State of IMissouri, 

Adjutant-General's Office, 

St. Louis, December 24, 1864. 
Hon. E. M. Stanton, 

Secretdry of War, Washington, I). C. 

Sir: When I saw you in Washinjiton last week, and offered verljally a jjlan for 
the reorganization of the old cavalry regiments of IMissonri Volunteers by a system 
of recruiting out of the JNIissouri State IMilitia force, you expressed your unwilling- 
ness to issue any order in the premises until the present dei)artment commander, 
Gen. G. M. Dodge, could be consulted and his views ascertained. In accordance Mitli 
your decision, therefore, I will offer in writing the plan I was instructed l)y his 
excellency the governor to propose, and invite your attention to such indorsement 
as General Dodge may make upon this connnunication: 

First. The term of service of the peculiar force known as the Missouri State ]Militia 
commences to expire during the present month, and (with exception of a small pro- 
portion of recruits who have been enlisted at various times since its organization) it 
will all be mustered out of service during the next six months. Its aggregate strength, 
as shown by the last returns received, is in the neighborhood of 8,000 men. One 
regiment of veterans, the Thirteenth IMissonri Cavalry Volunteers, has already been 
raised out of it; another has been commenced — the Fourteenth Cavalry — and will, I 
have reasons to believe, be speedily completed, 250 men being already at the rendez- 
vous as a nucleus. Say 1,000 men will be required to till up the latter regiment; we 
have then an aggregate of about 7,000 left in the force, which can be made available 
toward tilling up our old cavalry regiments of volunteers. 

Second. The regiments of ^Missouri cavalry volunteers whose term of service as 
regiments has expired, or is about to expire, are stationed and composed as follows: 

First Regiment ^Missouri Cavalry Volunteers, Little Rock, Ark, say 600 men. 

Third Regiment Missouri Cavalry Volunteers, Little Rock, Ark., say 500 men. 

Fourth Regiment Missouri Cavalry Volunteers, Memphis, Tenn, say 450 men. 

Sixth Regiment INIissouri Cavalry Volunteers, Baton Rouge, La., say 500 men. 

Seventh Regiment Missouri Cavalry Volunteers, Little Rock, Ark., say 550 men. 

It is proposed that these regiments be ordered into the State of ^lissouri for pur- 
poses of reorganization and recruitment out of the Missouri State 31ilitia force, and 
that an equal number of volunteers, now in the State, be sent to replace them. 
These regiments are mostly dismounted at the present time, while those w.hich can 
be sent to replace them have a good mount. 

By a judicious selection of otiicers out of the Missouri State Militia, who shall be 
given positions in these regiments (as there are plenty of vacancies both of field and 
company), in accordance with the number of men they recruit. 

141 



142 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

By the granting of a furlough of twenty days, say, for each man who reenlists for 
two years, and of thirty days for three years' enlistments, as an additional induce- 
ment to the ordinary Ijounties, it is believed that the five regiments above named 
can be filled with veteran soldiers in time for the spring camjiaign. 

I am fully impressed that the result can not be accomplished by sending recruit- 
ing parties to the State from these regiments. The regiments themselves must be 
sent here and stationed among the Missouri State Militia regiments. It is natural 
that the men should wish, in many instances, to enlist under their old othcers, and 
it will be ditticult to procure their enlistment upon mere promises that they shall be 
appointed. Again, the most favorable results would be accomplished by permitting 
the two forces to serve together for a while; acquaintances would be formed by actual 
association, which would go far toward encouraging the desired reenlistments. 

When the ^Missouri State Militia force goes out of service, the commander of the 
Department of the Missouri must undoubtedly call for other troops to fill their places, 
perhaps at the very time when they can not be spared from other sections; but if 
this plan is consummated he will have a veteran force worth twice its number in 
raw troops. It is of the utmost importance that there should be no delay experienced, 
provided j'ou are willing to adopt the plan, inasmuch as the nearer the approach of 
the expiration of each man's term of service the more difficult will it be to procure 
his enlistment. 

I am instructed to ask also that recruiting parties may be sent from the First and 
Second ^Missouri Artillery among the ^Missouri State ]\lilitia at the same time, inas- 
much as several of the batteries of the former and one of the latter are greatly 
depleted, and in some instances have not enough men to work a section properly. 
I earnestly hope that an order may issue in accordance with this projiosition imme- 
diately. It is proper for me to add that I have written to General Fry upon this 
same subject at length in order to have his views expressed regarding it as a recruit- 
ing measure. 

I have the honor to remain. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

John B. Gray, Adjutant- General. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series III, Vol. IV, p. 
1011.] 

This proposition was declined b}^ the War Department in a letter, 
dated January 16, 1865, as follows: 

War Department, Adjutant-General's Office, 

Washington, January 16, 1865. 
Adjutant-General of Missouri, Saint Louis, Mo.: 

I am directed to inform you that the plan submitted in your letter of the 24th 
ultimo for reorganizing the old cavalry regiments of Missouri by recruitment from 
the Missouri State Militia is not approved by the War Department. 

Thomas M. Vincent, Assistant Adjutant- General. 
[Ibid., p. 1057.] 

On January 11, 1865, a proposition was made b}^ the o-overnor of the 
State that he be authorized to raise six regiments of volunteer cavalry 
for service in the State of Missouri. This proposition was emliodied 
in a letter to Major-General Dodge, commandinu- the Department of 
the Missouri, of which the following is a copy: 

Executive Department, 
City of Jefferson, January 11, 1865. 
Maj. Gen. G. M. Dodge. 

General: Another draft is coming; our State will l)e dep(>]>ulated unless something 
is done to prevent it. Since the enrollment thousands of men are gone into rebel 
army, and as many more left the State. The loyal men, who have braved every- 
thing to stay in jNlissouri, will all l)e drafted, and all i)eaceful avocation be completely 
abandoned. Can not something be done to save us? 

1 propose to raise six regiments of cavalry, United States Volunteers, for service in 
the State during time tr()()i)s may be necessary here. The ten regiments, Missouri 
State ^lilitia, are going (Uit of servicer; will all 1)e out by April next. 

If tin- Department will permit us at once to organize the six regiments, we can get 
volunteers to fill them, provided Ave have permission to recruit out of any Missouri 
regiment whose term of service expires within, say, nine months. Let the term of 
service of tlie new regiments be two or three years. 



ONE, TWO, OR THREE YEARS' VOLUNTEERS. 143 

I am confident of being: able to raise the regiments if usual l)ounties are allowed. 
If you concur in this proposition, will you indorse and forward it to Secretary 
of War? 

Very respectfully, your uliedient servant, 

Thos. C. Fletcher. 

Will send vou copv of military ))ill in a dav or two; have adopted your suggestions. 
[M. 209, V. S., 1865.] 

This letter was indorsed by General Dodge as follows: 

Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

St. Louis, January 14, 1S65. 
Respectfully forwarded to the War Department. I am satisfied that the successful 
way to obtain the quota of this State is to allow Governor Fletcher to raise new regi- 
ments. We can hold the INIissouri State Militia, or a great portion of it, if this is 
done. We will have to nl)tain troops to replace the Missouri State Militia; their 
time expires about the time we may expect trouljle in the State. I am doing all I 
can to have them reenlist, but it is an uphill l)usiness, as they are placed on a differ- 
ent footing as to bounties from other troops. I urgently request that the War Depart- 
ment take some action in this matter. 

G. M. Dodge, 
Majiir-General, Commanding. 

The authority requested by the governor was denied in a telegram 
from the AVar Department, dated January 24, 1S65, in which, how- 
ever, the governor was advised that if he desired to raise new regi- 
ments of volunteer infantry for general service, without conditions as 
to enlistments from the Missouri State Militia, the necessary authority 
would be given. Following is a copy of the War Department telegram : 

War Department, 
Provo.'it- Marshal- GeneraVs Office, January 24, 1865, 
Governor of ]\1issouri, Jefferson City, Mo.: 

Your letter of 11th instant to General Dodge proposing to raise six regiments of 
volunteer cavalry has been forwarded to this Department. Authority for additional 
cavalry can not be granted, as new regiments of that arm are not needed, but if you 
desire to raise new regiments of volunteer infantry for general service, and without 
conditions as to recruitment from the Missouri State Militia, please inform me, and 
authority, say for six new regiments, will be promptly sent you. 

James B. Fry, 
Provost-Marshal-General. 

[OflScial Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series III, Vol. IV, p. 
1075.] 

Following the proposition of Januaiy 11, the adjutant-general of 
the State, under date of January 17, 1865, requested authority to 
reenlist the six months' men whose terms of service were expiring for 
an additional term of six months, dating from their original enlist- 
ments, thus securing to the State credits for twelve months' service. 
This proposition, which, with the reply of the War Department, is 
quoted in full in the preceding chapter, was also declined. 

On the 29th of January, 186.5. a ncAv proposal was made. This was 
that regiments be organized for twelve months'' service in the State of 
Missouri, the proportions of infantry and cavalry to be determined by 
the commanding general of the Department of the Missouri. This new 
proposition was embodied in a letter (or possibly a telegram) to the 
Secretary of War, of which the following is a copy: 

, Executive Department, 

Jefferson City, Mo., January 39, 1865. 
Hon. E. M. Stanton, 

Secretary of War, United States. 
Sir: I have the honor to submit that the condition of Missouri justifies me in 
making and the United States in accepting the following proposition: That I will 



144 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

call out and organize for twelve months' service in the State of ^lissouri the number 
of men embraced in the quota of the State, under the recent call of the President, 
in such proportions of infantry and cavah-y as the commanding general of this 
department may direct, they to be accepted in satisfaction of the (juota of the State. 
I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

Tiios. C. Fletcher, 
Governor of Mismuri. 
[Ibid., Series I, Vol. XLVIII, Part I, p. 678.] 

On the .same date another comnmnication eml)od3iiio- the same propo- 
sition in another form was addressed to the SeoreHar\' of War, a.s 
follows: 

ExEfi'TivE Department, 
JeJf'crson Citij, Mo., Janutir)/ J9, 1865. 
Hon. E. M. St.\xtox, Seerdar>j of Wdr. 

Sir: I propose to raise a force etiual in number to the quota of the State under call 
of December 19, 1864 (13,984 men), for, say, one year for service in the State, while 
troops are necessary in this dei)artment, in such proi)ortion of infantry and cavalry 
as the major-general commanding may direct, such force to be credited to our quota 
under said call. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

Thomas C. Fletcher, 

(jovernor of Missouri. 
[Ibid., Series III, Vol. IV, p. 1090.] 

The letter la.st cj noted was inclosed in one to the connnanding gen- 
eral, Department of the Missonri, of which the following is a copy: 

. PlxEcrTivE Maxsiox, 
Jefferson ('ifij, Mo., Jamutry 30, 1865. 
Maj. Gen. G. M. Dodge, 

Commandinr) Depurttnent of the Mhmuri. 
General: I have the honor herewith to mclose a proi)osition to Secretary of War 
for organizing a force of say 14,000 men, for service in ^Missouri for twelve months, in 
such pr()])orti(>n of infantry and cavalry as you may direct, to be credited the State on 
quota under call of Deceml)er 19, 1864. 

You are aware of our condition, and appreciate the hardships of a draft for 13,984 
men out of a population worn down with militia duty as ours. The injustii-e of requir- 
ing us to furnish men to the United States service while \ve are compelled to keep so 
large a numlier of our people constantly in service as miHtia, is so apparent that it 
needs only to l)e understood to be acknowledged. Your department has Ijeen well- 
nigh stripped of effective force, the new regiments raised for service in the State are 
all gone, the Missouri State Militia is rapidly lieing mustered out; it is necessary now 
to keep in active service a large number of men organized under (ieneral Orders, 
No. 107, as well as other Enrolled Missouri ]\IiHtia, for none of which do we get any 
credits. We will be compelled to keep, say, 14,000 militia in active service, and if 
we furnisli 14,000 on our (juota under recent call, tlie effect is to make us furnish 
double the numljer we should Ijc reiiuired to furnish, and the i)eople of the State 
prevented from cultivating their farms. I know you fully understand the condition 
of the State and the justice of what I have asked of the War Department. Will you 
please indorse and forward accompanying letter? I have forwarded coi)y to delega- 
tion in Congress. 

Very respectfully, your obe<lient servant, 

Thomas C. Fletcher, 

Gore r nor of M'lMOuri. 

[Annual Report Adjutant-General of Missouri, 1865, \). 5.] 

No reply to this last proposition has been discovered, l)ut it is stated 
by the adjntant-gen(>ral of tlu> State (Annual Kcport. Ibdo, p. 6) that 
" the Secretary of Wai' declined to api)rove the plan on the ground 
that the service cont('m])latcd was conditional, and an e.\C(^ption Avould 
thcu'cforc be made in favor of Missouri.'' However, without waiting 
for this replv, the governor, on the 80th of January, accepted the 
proposal of the War Department that he should raise new regiments 



ONE, TWO, OR THREE YEARS' VOLUNTEERS. 145 

•of volunteer infantrv for unconditional service. His acceptance of the 
War Department plan was as follows: 

Headquarters State of Missocri, 

Adjutaxt-Gexeral's Office, 

St. Louis, January SO, 1865. 
Oen. James B. Fry, 

Prorost-Mars}ial-Ge»eval, WasJilugfon, D. C: 
Please give nie authority to raise six regiments of infantry for twelve months' 
service, as indicated in your telegram of the 24th instant. 

Thomas C. Fletcher, Governor of 3Iissouri. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series III, Vol. IV, p. 1091.] 

The authority requested by Governor Fletcher was immediately 
granted in a telegram of which the following is a copy: 

War Department, 
Provost-Marshal-General's Office, 

January 30, 1865. 
Governor of Missouri, St. Louis, Mo.: 

You are authorized by the Secretary of War to raise six regiments of volunteer 
infantry under the call of December 19, 1864. The period of service will be for one, 
two, or three years, as the recruits may elect. The said troops should be mustered 
into service by February 15 next, in order that thej' may l)e credited on the quota 
of the State under the call before the draft commences. 

Incomplete regiments which fail to organize within a reasonable time will he con- 
solidated, so as to form and V)e mustered in with complete regimental organization. 
The recruitment, organization, and musters must conform to existing regulations. 
The regiments will l:)e for general service wherever required. In raising them no 
enlistments from the Missouri State jMilitia or other troops already in the service of 
the United States will be sanctioned. 

James B. Fry, Provost-Marslial-General. 
[Ibid., p. 1092.] 

Under this authority recruiting was begun for six regiments, the 
Fifty-tirst to the Fifty-sixth, inclusive, and continued until the general 
suspension of recruiting for tiic volunteer armies, when instructions 
for the consolidation of the incomplete regiments were issued by 
the War Department as follows: 

Washington, D. C, April 14, 1865. 
Governor Thomas C. Fletcher, Jefferson Oily, Mo.: 

Recruiting has been stopped, and therefore the men enlisted for your new regi- 
ments should be consolidated immediately into as many complete regiments as num- 
bers will form. 

Thomas M. Vincent, Assistant Adjutant-General. 

[Ibid., p. 1270.] 

The result of these instructions, and of the efforts made for the for- 
mation of six regiments of Missouri Volunteer Infantry for one, two, 
or three years' service, was the organization of one regiment, the Fifty- 
first, which was mustered into service for the period of twelve months. 
Hostilities having ceased, this regiment rendered no active service, but 
was employed upon guard and escort dut}' in St. Louis until its mus- 
ter out of service, August 31, 1865. 

It is evident from the meager results of this last effort to organize 
volunteer regiments in Missouri that in that State, as well as in other 
States of the Union, the eagerness manifested in the early days of the 
war to enter the militar}" .service of the United States had, in the clos- 
ing months of hostilities, become materiallv relaxed, a condition doubt- 
less due to four years' experience of the dangers and hardships of war. 

S. Doc. 112 10 



HOME GUARDS, 1861. 



On Ma\' 31, 1801, Brig. Gen. Nathaniel L3'on, United States Volun- 
teers, relieved Brigadier-Generel Harney of the eoniraand of the 
Department of the West, and on the 11th of June he was authorized 
by the War Department to enlist in the service of the United States 
such loj'al citizens of the State of Missouri as he might think proper, 
to be armed by the United States, but not to be paid except when 
called into active service by the War Department. This authority 
was granted in'a letter of which the following is an extract: 

"War Department, WftsJiiugton, June 11, 1861. 
General Lyon: 

You are authorized to enlist in the service of the United States such loyal citizens 
of the State of Missouri as you think proper, who shall not receive pay except when 
called into active service by this Department. Five thousand additional stand of 
arms have been ordered to be forwarded to you for distribution among them. 
******* 

Simon Cameron, Secretanj of War. 
[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. Ill, p. 384.] 

The letter quoted above is the authorit}' for the organization of the 
Missouri Home Guards of 1861. The records relative to their organ- 
ization and service, and even with regard to the authority granted to 
individuals for the formation of companies and regiments, and the 
specific conditions of service, are very meager. It appears, however, 
that some such organizations had an existence even before General 
Lyon was authorized to make enlistments for local service; that such 
organizations were subsequently recognized and armed by General 
Lyon and his successor, Major-General Fremont: that ]>v these officers, 
and their subordinate commanders, numerous individuals Avere author- 
ized to enroll companies and regiments of Home Guards, and that such 
guards rendered valuable service to the Government. Some of them 
were organized and armed for the purpose of protecting their own 
homes and neighborhoods, not receiving or expecting to receive com- 
pensation therefor, while others were enrolled for more active service, 
for which they were assured they would have a valid claim for pay. 
Concerning these irregular organizations. General Chester Harding, jr., 
adjutant-general of the State of Missouri, said in an official report, 
dated January 1, 1862: 

Adjutant-General's Office, 

St. Louis, January 1, 1862. 
His Excellency Governor W. R. Gamble: 

******** 

In June, 1861, the Government of the United States sent to the arsenal for dis- 
tribution among the loyal inhabitants of ^lissouri 10,000 stand of arms and sets of 
accouterments. These were placed in the hands of the so-called Home Guards in 

146 



HOME GUARDS, 1861. 147 

different parts of the State. No accurate account can be given of the Home Guards. 
To the great majority of them these arms and accouterments were given for the 
purpose of enabling them to protect their own homes and neighborhoods. They 
expected neither pay nor subsistence from tlie Government, and made no reports to 
its authorities. They have been of great service to the State and to the Union 
cause, and have exhibited much gallantry when brought in contact with the enemy. 
Besides those armed by the United States, there were probably enough more in the 
Home Guard organization who furnished their own arms to make the whole number 
in the State upward of 15,000. There was a class of Home Guards, however, which 
should properly be considered a part of our volunteer force. These troops were 
raised under the following circumstances: For a long time Missouri w'as not per- 
mitted to place in the field all men who desired to serve as volunteers for the war. 
Until late in the summer the State was limited as to the number of regiments that 
would be accepted, and there was no authority to accept cavalry or artillery. 
Brigadier-General Lyon, then in charge of this department, desiring to make his 
entire volunteer force available, enrolled some battalions and companies of Home 
Guards for three months' service and placed them in charge of a part of our lines of 
communication. These troops were ordered upon duty as soon as organized, and 
were kept in active service constantly until their time of enlistment expired. A 
complete list of them can not be given. The following is an approximate estimate 
of their number: 

Potosi Home Guards 50 

De Soto Home Guards 102 

Carondelet Home Guards 103 

Inks's Battalion 350 

Owens's Battalion 400 

Hundhausen's Battalion 400 

St. Charles Battalion 300 

Jefferson City Battalion 200 

Hannibal Battalion 304 

Total 2, 209 

These troops, although they were necessarily stationed where they were most 

exposed to the malarious fevers of the country during the summer and fall without 

adequate supplies, and although in faithfully performing an important duty they 

have been more than decimated by diseases, are yet unrecognized and unpaid by the 

Government. 

******* 

I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

Chester Harding, Jr., Adjutant-General. 

[Ibid., Series III, Vol. I, pp. 794-796.] 

The author of the report from which the above quotation is made 
was well qualified to speak with reference to the Missouri Home 
Guards of 1861, having been himself an assistant adjutant-general on 
the statf of General Lyon and fully conversant with the whole subject. 

The question of the payment of the Home Guards was early ]>roug-ht 
to the attention of Major-General Fremont, and in a letter from his 
assistant adjutant-general, dated September 7, 1861, it was stated: 

The general commanding does not intend to make any decision in the case, it 
never having been his intention to order the pavment of the Home Guards. 
[Book No. 8, Western Department, pp. 498, 499.] 

A few days later, on September 12, 1861, another correspondent 
was advised: 

General Fremont has decided not to order the Home Guards to be mustered at all, 
either for pay or out of service, as they were never mustered in. They are to seek 
relief through Congress, as it was understood between them and General Lyon that 
thev expected nothing but arms and subsistence. 

[ibid, p. 509.] 

On October 25, 1861, the Adjutant-General of the Army addressed 
the Pa3niiaster-General, cautioning him against the payment of Home 



148 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

Guards and other troops oro'anized in the vicnut}' of St. Louis "for 
duty onh' in limited localities or upon certain contingencies.'' His 
letter is as follows: 

A D.I UT-A NT-G EXEK A l' S OfFICE, 

Wasliingtoii, October ^5, 1861. 
Paymaster-Genera r., Washington, I). C. 

Sir: Information having been received that bodies of troops are being formed in 
and about St. Louis, Mo., which, under the names of "Home Guards," "Reserve 
Corps," and other apjiellations, are being mustered into the service of the United 
States for duty only in limited localities or upon certain contingencies, you are hereby 
cautioned that sut'h organizations are entirely without auth(jrity, and no ])ayments 
made to them will be sanctioned by the Government. 

1 am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

L. Thomas, Adjutant-General. 
[Lettei-s Sent, A. G. O., Vol. 33, p. 468.] 

It is probable that this letter was intended to appl,v especially to the 
Keserve Corps regiments which were at the time in process of organi- 
zation at St. Louis. 

On November 9, 1861, Major-General Halleck was assigned to the 
command of the newly created Department of the Missouri. In his 
instructions from Major-General McClellan, commanding the Arm}' of 
the United States, he was required to examine into the legality of the 
organization of the troops serving in the department, and when he 
found any illegal, unusual, or improper organization, to give to the 
officers and men an opportunity to enter the legal military' establish- 
ment under the general laws and the orders of the War Department. 
(Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. 
in, p. 56.S.) 

On December 2, 1861, General Halleck was addressed ])x the AVar 
Department as follows: 

Ad.iut a xt-G ener a l' s Office, 

Washington, December 2, 1S61. 
Commanding Officer of the Department of Missouri. 

Sir: The Secretary of War directs that such of the Home Guards or Reserve Corps 
of ]\Iissonri as have done active service in INIissouri away from their homes be j^aid 
for the period thus served in the same manner as other volunteer regiments of their 
respective arms. You will take such further action in regard to these troops as the 
interest of the service may demand. 

I am, sir, verA' respectfully, your oT)edient servant, 

L. Thomas, Adjutant-General. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Annies, Series III, Vol. I, p. 709.] 

This letter was based upon correspondence of which the following 
is a cop3': 

Washington, November 16, 1861. 
Gen. L. Thomas, Adjutant-General United Slates Army. 

Sir: I have been requested to state, for the information of the Department, the 
facts relative to the Reserve Corps and Home Guards in the State of Missouri. I was 
assistant adjutant-general upon the staff of General Lyon at the time of the formation 
of these corps, and am acquainted with the whole subject. General Lyon authorized 
parties residing in different parts of the State to organize as Home (juards for their 
own protection and tiie preservation of ])cace in their respective neighborlioods. 
These were armetl by the United States upon ])roof of their organization being fur- 
nished. They were also supplied with ammunition, but were not to receive rations, 
clothing, or pay. Geneial Lyon also authorized Col. J. W. Owens, Maj. William C. 
Inks, Captain Nagel, and Captain Cook to raise commands corresponding with their 
titles, for three months' term, for the pur]>ose of guarding tfie railroad lines, with 
the assurance that services wlii(;h they might render the Government would con- 
stitute a valid claim for pay, and that he would u.se his influence and authority 
to have this claim recognized. INIaj. Josiah Hunt was authorized to raise a battalion 



HOME GUARDS, 1861. 149 

upon the same footing as had been the basis of the St. Louis United States Reserve 
Corps, viz, that actual service was to be paid for. Each of the officers above named 
raised their respective cotiunand. Tiiey were armed, equipped, and furnished with 
camp and garrison equipage as fast as possible. Clothing was not to be had for 
troops in the field, and of course the Home Guards got none. They were all ordered 
upon duty. Colonel Owens's regiment guarded the Pacific Railroad on the South- 
west Branch and on a portion of the main line. Major Inks' s battalion guarded the 
line from Franklin to St. Louis; Captain Nagel's company (from Carondelet) guanled 
the Iron Mountain Railroad from St. I^ouis to and including the Meramet- bridge; 
Captain Cook's company (from De Soto) guarded another important portion of the 
same line. Major Hunt was at Hannibal protecting the railroad property there and 
for some distance west. I omitted to mention Col. (then .Maj.) E. Peabody's 
Reserve Corps at St. Joseph. It was organized upon similar authority to that 
given to Major Hunt. From the time of the enrollment of Colonel Owens's, ]\Iajor 
Inks's, Captains Nagel's and Cook's commands to the expiration of their three 
months, and longer, these troops were on constant active duty and duty of the most 
tUsagreeable nature. To give an instance: Captain ]Maupin, of Owens's regiment, 
with a fine company of about ninety men, was ordered to guard the second crossing 
of the Meramec River, on the Southwest Branch. When he was relieved he had but 
twenty men fit for duty. The rest were disabled by fever and ague and other dis- 
eases incident to that service. That C'olonel PeaV)ody's and Major Hunt's conunands 
performed arduous duty also I know, but can not state how much, as they were 
placed under the immediate control of the commanding officer on the line of the 
Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad, and did not report to General Lyon. The United 
States Reserve Corps of St. Louis (five full regiments) have been paid for term of 
their enlistment, and the others, in my opinion, are justly entitled to their pay. 
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

Chester Harding, Jr., 
Colonel Tentli Missouri ]'(ilnntt'er>i. 

[First indorsement.] 

ADjrTANT-GENER.\L's Office, November 19, ]S61. 
Respectfully referred to the Secretary of War, with the recommendation that such 
of the Home Guards or Reserve Corps of iNlissouri as have done active service be paid 
in the same manner as other volunteer regiments. 

L. Thomas, Adjuiaut-Gcneral. 

[Second indorsement.] 

War Department, November 25, 1861. 
Approved, as recommended, 

Thomas A. Scott, Acting Secretan/ of War. 
[Ibid., pp. 651, 652.] 

With a view to the reorganization of the forces of his department in 
accordance with instructions, General Hallock issued General Orders, 
No. 14, of 1861: 

General Orders, \ Headcjuarters Department of the Missouri, 

No. 14. i St. Louh, Ik'cemlM'r 4, 1S61. 

With a view to the systematic organization of the forces of this department, all 
commanders of regiments, l)atteries, troops, and companies, raised under authoriza- 
tions from any source whatever, now in the service of the United States in this dejiart- 
ment, will forward certified copies of their "muster-in rolls," including those of the 
field and staff, as well as those of companies, to these headcpiarters. The rolls will 
be accompanied by a letter of advice, stating the present station of the force, giving 
the town and county, also whether the officers are commissioned, and l)y whom. 
These rolls will be forwarded through the commanders of districts, divisions, bri- 
gades, or posts, who will see that it is done as promptly as possible. Where there are 
corps or detachments which have not been mustered, but have been in service, tlie 
commanding officer will make affidavit before an officer authorized to administer 
oaths, that the rolls are correct, and that the men and officers on the rolls thus 
authenticated have been in service for the period set opposite their respective names, 
which affidavit will be forwarded with the rolls. . 

The ol)ject of this order being to have commissions furnished to tho.se officers who 
are without them, and the troops mustered, so that they can be paid and supplied 



150 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

with clothing and sul).si.stence, in accordance with law and regulations, the interests 
of the service as well a:^ those of men and officers prompt the utmost diligence in 
complying with this order. They will be addressed to the assistant adjutant-general 
at these headquarters, marked on the envelope "Muster-in rolls." 
By order of Major-General Halleck: 

J. C. Keltox, 
A si^iKta ni Adjutant- Genera 1. 

On December 9, 18(51, the War Department letter of October 25, 
1861, quoted in this paper, having' been brought to his notice, the 
commanding general issued the following: 

General OROftRS, \ Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

No. 21. i St. Louis, December 9, 1861. 

1. The following letter having been brought to the notice of the Major-General 
commanding this department, is published for the information of all concerned, viz: 

" Adjutaxt-Gexeral's Office, 

" Washington, October 25, 1861. 
"The Paymaster-General, Waxhiiu/toii, D. C: 

"Sir: Information having lieen received that bodies of troops are being formed in 
and about St. Louis, Mo., which, under the name of Home Guards, Reserve Corps, and 
other appellations, are being mustered into the service of the United States fur duty 
only in limited localities, or upon certain contingencies, you are hereby cautioned 
that such organizations are entirely witln)ut authority, and that no payments made 
to them will be sanctioned ])y the Government. 

" I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

" L. Thomas, Ad/ntarit-General." 
Officers appointed from these headquarters to muster troops are authorized to 
muster or remuster into the service of the United States all such bodies of troops, 
for three years or during the war, unless sooner discharged, as directed ))y the act 
of Congress on the subject, jirovided their plan of organization conforms to the orders 
of the War Department, including in the muster or renmster so made the period 
during which the bodies of troops above referred to have been in actual service. 
******* 

By order of Major-General Halleck: J. C. Keltox, 

Assistant Adjutant-General. 

Reporting to the Adjutant-General of the Army, under date of 
December 13, 1801, General Halleck said: 

Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

St. Louis, December 13, 1861. 
Brig. Gen. L. Thomas, 

Adjutant-General of Die Arnvj, Washington City: 
******* 

The " Home (fuards" are not a regular organization; some have l)een mustered in 
with the reservation of serving only in this State, while others, although long in 
service, have never been mustered at all. I have offered them the option to be 
mustered in according to law, so as to cover their past services, or to be mustered out 
and receive pay only for "active service in Missouri areag from their homes," in ac- 
cordance with your instructions of the 2d instant. Most of them will jjrobably pre- 
fer the latter alternative. If they do, it will be very difficult to ascertain the length 
of their service "away from home." 

******* 

[1257, Missouri Department, 1861.] 

The offer referred to above, giving the Home Guards the option of 
being regularly nuLstered into service or nuistered out with pay for 
services rendered awav from their homes. Avas published in General 
Orders, No. 25, of December 14, 18<)1: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

No. 25. / St. Louis, December 14, 1861. 

* * * • * * * * 

III. Home Guards and other irregular organizations mustered in with an unau- 
thorized limitation as to place of service, or in service without having been mustered 



HOME GUARDS, 1861. 151 

in, will be allowed the option to be now regularly mustered in for three years, or 
durins the war, according to law and regulations, to cover the full time of back 
service, so that they can be regularly paid and furnished with supplies, or to be mus- 
tered out of service, and receive pay only for the period they "have done active 
service in Missouri away from their homes." 

******* 

By order of Major-General Halleck: 

J. C. Kelton, 

Assistant Adjutant- General. 

On December IS, ls61. General Halleck informed a correspondent 
that no more Home Guards would be org-anized to be paid and sup- 
ported })y the United States (Letters sent. Department of the Missouri, 
Vol. XVI, p. 116), and on the following- day, in a letter addressed to 
Major-General McClellan, commanding the Army, he stated that the 
Home Guards were being disbanded as rapidly as he could supply their 
places. 

Within a few days all of the organizations of the Missouri Home 
Guards formed by authority of Generals Lyon and Fremont, and their 
su])ordinate commanders, had ceased to exist. To quote the report 
of the Hawkins Taylor Conuuission, subsequently appointed, "these 
organizations were kept up from one to six months, and in a few cases 
for a longer period;" all had now been disbanded, either by orders from 
the commanding general or through their own independent action. 
As stated in the annual report of the adjutant-general of the State 
for the year 1863 (pp. 15, 16): 

The various organizations of Home Guards throughout the State had either been 
disbanded by orders from competent authority, or else, tinding that there was no 
prospect, either immediate or remote, of obtaining any j^ay from the General Gov- 
ernment, had relieved tliemselves from dutij, for the purpose of providing for tiieir 
families, in such localities as were nominally within the lines of loyal troops and 
where the danger appeared to be not too imminent. 

The italics used above are in the original, but neither the}' nor the 
language of the report should be construed as a reflection upon the 
patriotic citizens to whom the report refers, as these citizens had not 
been formalU' mustered into the service of the State or of the United 
States and were under no legal obligations of service. 

The organizations in existence when General Halleck assumed com- 
mand of the department had not accepted his offer to be "regular^ 
nmstered" into the United States service, and on Februar}' 21, 1862, 
a general order was issued from department headquarters directing 
that ""all arms and accouterments issued to Missouri Home Guards by 
order of the late Brig. Gen. Nathaniel L3'on,''' be turned over to the 
United States authorities. 

It does not appear that the mem])ors of the Home Guard organizations 
were paid, either during the period of their service or at the dates of 
the disbandment of the organizations to which they belonged, the pa}" 
promised them for the time they were in active service away from 
their homes. In a letter from General Halleck, heretofore quoted in 
this paper, it was said of the Home Guards then in service that it would 
be "very difficult to ascertain the length of their service 'away from 
home,'"' and in a letter dated January 18, 1862, General Halleck said 
of the organizations disbanded before he took command: 

Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

St. Louis, Mo., January 18, 1862. 
Brig. Gen. L. Thomas, 

Adjutant-General of the Arm;/, Wa-shington. 
General: Several bodies of men who were organized under General Lyon and 
General Fremont, and have done service in the field, were disbanded before I took 



152 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

the command. It appears that they were promised pay, but they can not be paid 
under the Secretary's order to me in relation to Home Guards, because they can not 
be brought together for mustering in and out. 

It has been proj^osed that such troops be permitted to be mustered into the State 
militia to include the time they actually served away from their homes (the proper 
affidavits, etc., being required on the muster rolls, as in the case of Home (iuards), 
and to be paid the same as State troops. The governor thinks this measure would 
greatly increase mustering in the militia. 

I recommend the measure for the action of the War Department. 
Very respectfully^ your obedient servant, 

H. W. Halleck, Major-Gciieral. 

[M. 77, V. S., 1862.] 

To thif? letter the Adjutant-General replied as follows: 

AD.irTANT-CtE.NERAL's OfFICE, 

]V((s}iiii(jtoii, Februari/ S, 1863. 
Maj. Gen. H. W. Halleck, 

Commanding Department of the Missouri, St. Louis, Mo. 
Gener.\l: In reply to your communication of January IS, I am instructed to say 
that if the men organized under Generals Lyon and Fremont and disbanded l>efore 
you took command of the department, can not again be collected to be mustered in 
and out, you will take such measures as you may deem best calculated to muster 
them individually, if necessary. 

It is not considered advisable to cover the time already served by them by antedat- 
ing their enlistments in the State service. 

I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

L. Thomas, Adjutant- General. 
[Letters sent, Adjutant-General's Office (V. S.), Vol. 1, p. 418.] 

The difficulties in the way of the payment of the Missouri Home 
Guards do not appear to have been easily overcome, as considerable 
legislation and the appointment of commissioners were found to be a 
necessary prerequisite. The first legislation on the subject is found in 
an act approved March 25, 1862, of which the following is a cop}^: 

AN ACT to secvire to the officers and men actually employed in the Western Department, or Depart- 
ment of Missouri, their pay, bounty, and pension. 

Be it enacted Ini tlw Senate and House of Representatives of tJie I'lrited States oj\[merica 
in Congress assonbled. That the Secretary of AVar be, and he is herel)y, authorized 
and required to allow and pay to the officers, noncommissioned officers, musicians, 
and privates who have been heretofore actually emplnyed in the military service of 
the United States, whether nuistered into actual service or not, where their services 
were accepted and actually employed l)y the generals who have been in command of 
the Department of the West, or the Department of the IMissouri, the pay and 1)0unty 
as in cases of regular eidistment. 

Sec. 2. Ami he it further enacted. That the officers, noncommissioned officers, musi- 
cians, and jirivates so employed, who may have been wounded or incapacitate<l for 
service, shall be entitled to and receive the pension allowed for such disability: Pro- 
vided, That the length and character of their enlistment and service be such as to 
entitle them under existing laws to such i)ension. 

Sec. 'A. Ami he it further enacted, That the heirs of those killed in battle, or of those 
who may have dieil from wounds received while so in service, shall be entitled to 
receive the bounty and jiay to which they would have been entitled hail they Iteen 
regularly mustered into service: Provided, That the })ounty and pay referred to in 
this act shall not l)e payable unless their term of enlistment and service l)e of such 
duration as to entitle them to receive the same, according to existing laws. 

Approved, March 25, 1862. 

[12 Stat. L., p. 874.] 

By an act approved May 14, 1862, an appropriation was made to 
carry into effect the previous legislation. This act was as follows: 

AN ACT to provide for tlie di'ticiciicy in the approjjrialion for the pay of the two and three years' 
volunteers and tlie otliciTs and men actually employed in the Western Department. 

* * -x- * -X- * w 

Sec. 2. And t>e it further enacted, That there be, and hereliy is, appropriated, out of 
any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, the sum of one hundred 



HOME GUARDS, 1801. 153 

thousand dollars, or so much thereof as may be necessary, to carry into effect the act 
approved March twenty-fifth, eighteen hundred and sixty-two, to secure pay, bounty, 
and pensions to officers and men actually employed in the Western Department or 
Department of Missouri. 
Approved, May 14, 1862. 

[12 Stat. L., p. 385.] 

Subsequently, by a resolution approved July 12, 1862, it was 
enacted that all payments under the act of March 25, 1X62, be sus- 
pended and that a connnission be appointed to examine the claims 
arising under the provisions of that act. Followino" is a cop}" of the 
resolution: 

A RESOLUTION to suspend all payments nmltT the act approved 2'ith of March, lS(i2, entitled "An 
act to secure to the otiicers and nien actually employed in the Western Department or Department 
of Missouri their pay, bounty, and pension," and for other purposes. 

Resolved by the Senate and Houfte of Representatives of the United Slates of Anierica in 
Congress assembled, That the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, authorized and 
directed to suspend all payments under the act approved 25th March, 18(52, enti- 
tled "An act to secure to the ofiicers and men actually employed in the Western 
Department or Department of Missouri their pay, l)ounty, and pension;" and that 
there shall be appointed by the President, immediately after the passage of this reso- 
lution, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, three commissioners to 
examine all claims arising under the provisions of that act, and report the same, 
with the facts connected therewith, to the Secretary of War; said commissioners to 
have such compensation for their services as the Secretary of War may consider just 
and reasonable: Provided, That said commissioners shall be required to examine 
and report within sixty days after the passage of this resolution u])on all such claims 
as may l>e presented by persons claiming to have been organized or employed in the 
State of ^Missouri, and to have ])erformed service according to the provisions of the 
said recited act, whereupon payments shall be made as recommended by saiil com- 
missioners and as required toy said act: And provided further, That within ninety 
days from the passage of this resolution the said commissioners shall examine and 
report upon all other claims arising under the act aforesaid, when payments shall be 
made as herein prescril)ed. 

Approved, July 12, 1862. 

[12 Stat. L., p. 623.] 

For some reason not discovered the commissioners provided for l)y 
the resolution of July 12, 1S62, were not immediately appointed and 
the provisions of that resolution were accordingly revived by a joint 
resolution approved February 16, 1863, as follows: 

JOIXT RESOLUTION to revive "An afct to secure to the officers and men actually employed in the- 
Western Department or Department of Missouri their pay, bounty, and pension, "and for other pur- 
po.ses." 

• Resolved by the Senate and House of Rejrresentatlres of the United States of Ainerira in 
Congress assembled, That the provisions of a joint resolution entitled "A resolution 
to suspend all payments under the act approved the 25th of 3Iarch, 1862, entitled 
'An act to secure to the officers and men actually employed in the "Western Depart- 
ment or Department of Missouri their ]iay, bounty, and pension, and for other pur- 
poses,' " approved July 12, 1862, be, and they are hereby, revived, and the commis- 
sioners therein provided for shall be allowed six months from the passage of this 
resolution within which to make their report. 
Approved, February 16, 1863. 

[12 Stat. L., p. 824.] 

Messrs. Hawkins Tajdor, Charles T. Sherman, and Francis T. Rus- 
sell were appointed conunissioners under the provisions of the revived 
resolution, and their appointment was announced in a general order 
from the War Department of which the following is a copy: 

General Orders, \ War Department, Ad.iutant-CJeneral's Office, 

No. 64. J Washington, March 16, 1863. 

Hawkins Taylor, esq., of ; Charles T. Sherman, esq., of Ohio, and Francis 

T. Russell, esq., of Missouri, are appointed Ijy the President commissioners under the 



154 MISSOUKI TROOPS UNION. 

joint resolution of July 12, 1862, revived, to examine claims of officers and men 
actually employed in the Western Department, or Department of Missouri. 

James H. Moss, esq., is appointeil solicitor for the Commission. 

By order of the Secretary of War: 

L. Thomas, Adjutant-General . 

The commissioners promptly entered upon the duties for which the}' 
had been appointed, establishing their headquarters at St. Louis, Mo. 
Soon after assembling- a circular was issued, quoting the acts of Con- 
gress under which the Conmiission was constituted, closing with the 
following 

IXSTRrCTIOXS TO CLAIMANTS. 

For the information of claimants whose claims may be presented for examination 
by the Commission, organized for the jiurpose of examining claims for pay, bounty, 
and pensions of officers and men for military services rendered the United States 
prior to ^Nlarch 25, 1862, in the Western Department, or Department of Missouri, the 
following suggestions are made and forms recommended in regard to presenting tes- 
timony in sup]iort of claims, viz: 

It is desirable that a short and comprehensive statement should accompany the 
papers of each claimant, whether an individual claim or com])any claim, showing 
the date, locality, authority, and immediate causes for the organization or services, 
the county or counties in which the services were rendered, the nature and extent of 
such services, and the date and place when discharged, and such other facts and cir- 
cumstances that may throw light upon his or their claim or claims. 

Company rolls should in all cases, when obtainable, be tiled as the evidence of 
claim, and when so filed they must be made out in the same manner and with as full 
detail as rolls made out for drawing pay under the army regulations, and must be 
accompanied by evidence of the authority for the organization of the company and 
for the calling of the same into active service, or the acceptance of said service by 
the commanding officer. 

When the com]>any has been mustered out of service and the officer commanding 
the same is out of service, his affidavit in place of the certificate must be made and 
be on the same sheet of paper or form on which the roll is made out, and may Ije in 
the following form, viz: 

State of Missouri, County of : 

A B makes oath, and says: I am the identical individual who was of Com- 
pany — , called into the military service of the United States, in the Department of 

Missouri, by order of ; that this roll exhibits the tnie state of the 

company for the jieriod herein mentioned; that the remarks set opposite each officer's 
and soldier's name are accurate and true, and that the recapitulation exhibits the 
true state of the company, and that I have no knowledge of any meml)er of said 
company having received i)ay, or anything in lieu thereof, either from the State or 
General Government for services rendered, except as stated in said roll. 

AB. 

The individual claimant's application may be made out as follows, viz: 
Statk of Missouri, County of : 

A B makes oath, and says: I am the identical {lerson who was a in Com- 
pany [.\], conimanded by Captain (if a regiment, here insert the number of 

the regiment and the name of colonel), in the military service of the United States 

in the Department of Missouri; that I rendered service in said company from the 

day of , 186-, to the day of , 186-, making continuously days; 

that I have received for said service dollars and cents, and that the 

amount due me yet for said service is dollars and cents, for which I 

have received no equivalent, or anything in lien thereof, and that I have accounted 
for all public propertv that has come into mv hands or undi'r mv control. 

A B. 

All affidavits to l)e sworn to l)efore a notary jniblic, clerk or judge of court having 
a seal, or justice of the ])eace whose official character is properly attested. 

When the claims of single individuals are i)resented, they should be accompanied 
by the same eviilence of the authority for such service as is required in cases of 
presentation of claims by company rolls, as explained above, and nuist be verified 
in the same way. 

The certificate of the officer administering the oath to claimants must certify to 
the identity (jf the claimant as the individual who rendered the service when the 
facts are |)ersonally known to him, and when he has no personal knowledge of the 
identity of the claimant that fact must be proven by other testimony. 



HOME GUARDS, 1861. 155 

Whilst coiiforinity to the above rules, as nearly as may be, is regarded as important 
to the protection of the Government, yet in extreme or exceptional cases the com- 
missioners will not hesitate to allow bona fide claims established to their satisfaction. 
In all cases deemed proper by the commissioners oral testimony will be required. 
The Conunission is now in session in the circuit court room of the court-house, in 
St. Louis, and claimants are notified to present their claims, with proofs, as early as 
may be. 

Hawkins Taylor, 
Charles T. Sherman, 
Francis T. Russell, 

Commission. 
James H. Moss, 
Solicitor for tlw Commissioners. 
James Fletcher, 

Sea-etary. 
[7412, V. S., 1871.] 

In a later edition of the "" ln.>;tructions,'' the following was substi- 
tuted for the last two paragraphs quoted above: 

Evidence of jiresent loyalty of all claimants will be required. 

Proof of actual service must be made, at least in part, Ijy persons other than 
officers and members of regiments and companies having a common interest therein. 

Evideni-e in writing, liy authenticated athdavits and certificates, is desired, but in 
all cases deemed proper the Conunission will require oral testimony, and, if neces- 
sary, furnish subpcienas for witnesses and allow mileage and per diem attendance. 

The Commission is now in continuous session in the circuit court room of the court- 
house in St. Louis, and claimants are notified to present their claims with proofs as 
early as may be. The time of the Conunission is limited to the 16th of August next, 
and many claims may be excluded for want of time. 

A delegate from the Conunission will attend at Des Moines City, Iowa, from and 
after June 8, and at Leavenworth City, Kans., July 6, and St. Joseph, ]Mo., July — , 
for the convenience of claimants in those sections for a few days only; but an acting 
quorum will remain continually in St. Louis. 

[Ibid.] 

On May 12, 1863, the commissioners addressed to the Secretar}^ of 
War a letter in which they reported progress, and requested instruc- 
tions relative to their jurisdiction of certain claims. Following is an 
extract of the letter: 

St. Louis, ]Mo., Mai/ 13, 1863. 
Hon. E. ^I. Stanton, Secretary of War. 

Sir: The Commission to examine claims for services in the Western department, 
under the act of Congress of INIarch 25, 1862, have the honor to report that since the 
date of their last letter it has been establishing rules of evidence and receiving and 
examining claims. The number of claims before us is about 9,000, with a large 
number yet to come in. 

Various disputed questions have arisen and been decided. The one of the most 
frequent occurrence is whether claims of officers for services ren<lered between the 
time of appointment and time of being mustered in the regular three years' volun- 
teer service are within the jurisdiction of the Conunission. A majority of us, and 
not without doubts, are inclined to h(;ld that the Commission have no right to exam- 
ine and allow for services rendered in the three years' volunteer service, but must 
confine themselves to inquiry of the services rendered 1)y the Home Guards or irreg- 
ular troojis. 

We would respectfully ask for instructions on that subject. 

* * * * * -x- * 

Respectfully, yours, Hawkins Taylor, 

Chas. T. Sherman, 
F. T. Russell, 

C(»nmissioner>i. 
P. S.— The solicitor for the Government, James H. Moss, decides tliat the Commis- 
sion has jurisdiction over claims presented by the regular three years' volunteers 
for services rendered prior to the time of their being nmstered into the regular three 
years' service. 
I concur with Mr. Moss in the opinion he gives. F. T. Russell. 

[Ibid.] 



156 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

The (juestion su))mitted l)y the commissioners was referred to the 
Solicitor of the War Department, whose views were concurred in by 
the Secretary of War and conmninicated to the Commission for its 
information and g-uidance. These views were expressed in a letter of 
which the following- is a copy: 

War Department, WusJiiiu/ton Cit>i, June 4, 1863. 
Hon. PjDwix 31. Stanton, Secretar)/ of War. 

Sir: The letter of Hawkins Taylor, chairman of the Committee on Claim?, as 
organized under General Orders, No. 62 [6-1], having been referred to nie, I have the 
honor to say: 

That it was enacted by the statute of ^larch 25, 1862, chapter 49, secti(in 1. that 
the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, authorized and required to allow and pay 
to the officers, noncommissioned officers, musicians, and privates who have been 
heretofore (tcivdJly employed in the military service of the United States, whether 
mustered into actual servi(;e or not, where their services were accepted and octualhj 
employed by the generals leho liave been in command of the Department of the 
West or the Department of the Missouri, the pay and bounty as in cases of regular 
enlistment. 

Section 2 provides for the payment of pensions in certain cases. 

Section 3 provides that in certain cases the bounty shall be paid to the heirs of 
those who have been killed. 

By the act of July 12, 1862, payments under the former act were suspended, and 
commissioners were appointed to examine and rei^ort upon all claims arising under 
that act, within jieriods of time therein stated. 

By the act of February 16, 1863, the time for making report of these claims was 
extended to six months from that date. 

The design of the act of March 25, 1862, was to place volunteers in Missouri, who 
had at some period enlisted in the service of the United States, upon the same footing 
as to pay, pensions, and bounty as though they had been regularly mustered into the 
service at the time when they actually entered the service and were actually accepted 
as United States soldiers by the military commander of the dejiartment ti) which 
they belonged, thereby placing the volunteers of INIissouri upon an equal f<ioting with 
thevolunteers of other States. Hence, by the true construction of the act, no claims 
can be allowed for volunteers who were not actually in the service of the United 
States. No claims can be allowed for volunteers, whether in the service of the United 
States or not, unless their services were accepted and actually employeil by the gen- 
erals vho had command of the departments. 

The payment for services is to be conunensurate with those services; to l)egin when 
the services began and to end when the services ended. 

No services can be allowed for by the connnLssioners for any period prior to the 
acceptance and actual employment of these volunteers by the aforesaid commanders 
of departments. 

Thus no claims can be allowed for recruiting officers who were not at the time when 
so employed in recruiting actually in the employ and service of said commanders of 
departments. 

All i)ay of ofiicers or men, and all expenses of getting up the regiment in the State 
service, such as recruiting, rations, transportation, etc., may be just claims against 
the State of Missouri, but they are not in the class of claims of whi-h this lioard has 
cognizance. 

The duty of the commissioners is to treat the claims of the volunteers in the same 
way as thoiigh they had for the first time been nuistered into the service of the 
United States at the date when their services were actually accepted and employed 
by tlie commander of tlie department to which they belonged. Of claims for serv- 
ices j)rior to that date they have no jurisdiction. 

This l)oard has no jurisdiction over claims for service of troops who have been reg- 
ularly organized and nnistereil into the service in the usual way under the laws of 
the Unite<l States l)y com])etent authority. Such claims are to be presented to the 
proper dejjartments at Washington. 

I liave the lionor to be, sir, yoiu' obedient servant, 

William Whiting, 
Solicitor of tlic ]Var Depart inent. 

[Ibid.] 

The Hnal report of the Conmiission appointed under the revived 
joint resohition of July 12. ls(i2, now known as the Hawkins Ta3dor 
Commission, is as follows: 



HOME GITAKDS, 1861. 157 

St. Louis Court-House, 
St. Louis, Mo., September—, 1S63. 
Hon. E. M. Staxtox, Secretary of War. 

Sir: Tlie undersigned, appointed under General Orders, No. 64, to examine all 
claims arising under the act of Congress approved March 25, 1S62, entitled "An act 
to secure to the officers and men actually employed in the Western Department, or 
Department of the Missouri, their pay, bounty, and pensions," have the honor to 
sul)mit the following report: 

Through the courtesy of the county court a room was furnished in the court-house 
in the city of St. Louis, where they met, and continued their daily sessions unintei*- 
rupted until this date. Owing to the very limited time given the Commission in 
which to examine and pass upon the claims arising under said act, one member of 
the Commission was sent to the State of Iowa to give information and collect evi- 
dence as regards claims arising in that State, and remained there some two weeks. At 
another time another member was sent to the State of Kansas for the same purpose, 
and remained about the same length of time. At all times continuing a majority of 
the Commission at St. Louis for the transaction of business. 

Immediately after our assemblage we appointed Dr. James Fletcher, of Kansas, as 
principal secretary, and shortly after A. C. Cummins, of Ohio, chief clerk. Subse- 
quently and for different periods we employed the following persons as assistant 
clerks, viz: Thomas J. Sutton, Ferdinand Hess, William H. Sirmscoe, Henry Rohe, 
and Peter A. Feldmear, and Jose})li Taylor, messenger. 

The services of Dr. Fletcher and Captain Cummins were very efficient and valu- 
able. They are entitled to cjur thanks for their industry and attention to the business 
of the Commission. We i-annot speak too highly of the valuable assistance and 
services rendered to us and to our })usiness by the Hon. James H. Moss, the solicitor 
to the Commission. His untiring industry and his iiitelligence and legal skill light- 
ened our laljors and afforded mucli valuable aid in the investigation of all classes of 
claims before us. 

A regular docket of all claims was carefullj^ kept, and pu])lic notice was given of 
our sessions in the leading newspapers published in St. Louis and in the States of 
Missouri, Iowa, and Kansas, giving notice of the sitting and organization of the 
Commission. 

The Commission also issued a circular giving the laws under which they acted, 
together with instructions as to the form and manner of presenting claims, a copy of 
which is annexed. 

The number of claims filed for services of companies was 274, of which number 
we allowed 247. 

The numl)er of individual claims was 307, of which 97 were allowed. Number of 
field and staff claims 31; allowed, 28. The total amount allowed for claims of serv- 
ices of companies is $735,256.04, and for individual claims is $22,426.68, and for field 
and staff, $42,929.41. Total amount allowed, $800,612.13. 

The amount claimed as due by the parties we can not state, as the larger portion 
of the companies' claims stated only the time claimed and not the amount, but we 
doulit not but the aggregate sum claimed by the parties would amount to over 
$1,500,000. 

No claim was allowed unless it was strictly for personal service in the military 
service, and all were not only required to show that they were called out or accepted 
by proper authority, but performed actual military service in the field as distin- 
guished from services in organizing, drilling, recruiting, or in camp. We required 
proof of actual service other than the oath of the claimant, and generally the serv- 
ices were proven by the testimony of one or more disinterested witnesses or the cer- 
tificate of well-known officers now in service. The services of a verj' great portion 
of the company claimants were necessarily desultory and not continuous. At the 
breaking out of the rebellion the State of IMissouri had the misfortune to have her 
entire State government, and a large portion of her American-born citizens either 
active sympathizers with the South or neutral in the contest. In some sections of 
the State nearly the entire population were loyal, in others almost entirely disloyal, 
and in others they were divided. 

For months previous Governor Clail)orne F. Jackson and the State authorities had 
been collecting powder and lead and arms, and organizing the nnlitia of the State, 
under the pretense of preserving the neutrality of the State, l)ut really with the design 
of taking the State out of the Union. Everything seemed to favor their plans, and 
they would inevitably have succeeded had it not been for the foi-esight, boldness, 
and unswerving patriotism of Gen. Nathaniel Lyon. He penetrated their designs and 
took prompt measures to defeat them, and unquestionably saved Missouri. He found 
the people of St. Louis and the State divided in opinion. "While the State authorities 
were organizing the militia for treasonable purposes, he encouraged the formation of 



158 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

Home Guards and other irregular forces, and by a few bold and decisive measures, 
such as the taking of Camp Jackson, completely destroyed and dispersed the open 
rebels and protected the pul)lic property and loyal citizens. At the time he had but 
a few hundred United States troops under his control, but with the aid of the irreg- 
ular troops that he created and organize 1 he accomplished his purpose. If, therefore, 
it was an object to save ^Missouri and the consequent control of the city of St. Louis 
and the arsenal and the waters of the Upper Mississippi, and our vast Western ter- 
ritories, the credit is all due to the brave Lyon and his Home Guards. 

In every part of the State where there were Union men there was an organization 
of Hom« Guards. If the Union sentiment was strong in the i-ountry oi- district, a 
regiment was raised. If less strong, a battalion or single com})any. These organiza- 
tions were called into service either by special authority from General Lyon, or under 
a general invitation to form Home Guards, issued by him. " When organized they 
reported to the commander of the department, and drew arms in whole or part. A 
large portion, however, were obliged, for want of arms, upon not being able to pro- 
cure them, to use their own private arms. In almost all cases they drew annnuni- 
tion and subsistence while in actual service. 

These organizations were kept up from one to six months, and in a few cases for a 
longer period of time. There are instances, particularly in southwest Missouri, where, 
after the retreat of the United States forces, in the summer and fall of 1861, the 
organizations were retained, and, by occupying passes in the mountains, the flag of 
the Union was kept up, while the country for many miles around them was occupied 
by General Price and the rebels under him. When these organizations were dis- 
banded, either by orders from the general commanding, or from other causes, it can 
be said to their credit, and as an evidence of their loyalty, that a large majority of 
the officers and men went into the regular volunteer service, and are now in the lield 
under "Generals Grant and Rosecrans," fighting for the cause of the Government in 
the effort to put down this cursed and causeless Southern rebellion. 

This increased our difficulties and labors. In many cases there was neither muster- 
in nor muster-out rolls, and in other cases the authority for the organization and the 
rolls themselves were captured or destroyed by the rebels, and we doubt not there 
are companies that performed service whose claims have not been presented to us 
because of the absence of officers and men in the tield now in service, and who have 
no knowledge of the existence of the Commission. Previous to the outbreak, at the 
suggestion of General Lyon, and for their own protection, many of these companies 
organized and armed themselves and patrolled through their respective neighV)or- 
hoods, watching the movements ()f the disaffected. After hostilities commenced 
other companies organized, drilled, and protected their own and neighbors' property 
and the jieace of the coinitry, but for such service we have allowed no compensation. 
We have only allowed where their existing organizations have l)een regularly called 
out and actually served in the field under proper authority and in regular military 
capacity or service. Hence it will be seen that in a large majority of company claims 
we have only allowed partof the time claimed. We have sought to do justice between 
the claimants and the Government, and not pay them for time spent in service for 
the i)rotection of themselves and neighbors or in preparing for active service. In 
other cases organized companies were called out by the proper authority for special 
services, and were then ordered home, and in a few weeks were called out again, and 
probably rei)eated. In these cases we have sought to ascertain the actual time they 
were in the lield, and allowed them for such time. 

The same principle was applied to individual claims. We have sought only to pay 
for actual service. We have favored no claims for recruiting, for organizing, for 
doing camp duty in and al)Out St. Louis or other cities, or for any other service, 
excei)t it is in the strict line of the officer's duty and in which he necessarily devoted 
his whole time. 

There are numerous instances where claimants were appointed by the generals 
who have been in command in this department, and who have promised in good 
faith to recruit cumpanies and regiments, liut failed to obtain the minimum mnnlier 
required for a command, and the recruits have been assigned to other organizations 
and the officers discharged. 

In these cases we refuse to allow them pay for their time and expenses, for the 
reason that they have not rendered the actual military service ctmtemplateil by the 
law under which we act. It may also be added tiiat they accei)ted their appoint- 
ments with the understanding that they should raise the men required for the com- 
mand they sought, and, if successful, a commission would follow; if they failed, 
they lost their time and expen.«es. Such, we understand, has been the prai'tice in 
the Western States. In other cases claims have been presented by officere for serv- 

"No record of this general authority has been found. 



HOME GUARDS, 1861. 159 

ice rendered between the time of appointment and the time of heino; mustered into 
the service of the United States. This class of claims were all rejected, in accordance 
with the practice of the State government, and agreealjly to the instructions of the 
Solicitor of the War Department. We have been obliged, necessarily, to exercise 
discretion and adopt rules as regards the amounts to be allowed that are not known 
or recognized by Army Regulations. But in these cases we thought justice to the 
service and the claimant required some allowance should be made. The amount 
allowed is universally less than tlie amount named in the regulations. The cases 
alluded to are chiefly surgeons and chaplains. 

A large proportion of the companies claim that the services performed were as 
cavalry, each man furnishing his own horse and horse etiuipments, and therefore 
entitled to the usual ]>ayand allowance for such service. With few exceptions we 
refused to allow such claims. It was in evidence before us that the sei'vice was 
either cavalry or infantry, as the exigencies of the time recpiired; that forage for the 
horses was furnished by Government when in actual service; and in the opinion that 
it was better for the owners to use their horses in the service, and thereby prevent 
them from being taken by the rebels— for this reason, mainly, we have allowed no 
pay for horses, only when it was proved clearly that the com]:)any was organized as 
cavalry, and that by special authority from the general commanding having such 
autliority. There have l^een many cases presented for subsistence, transportation, 
and other expenses attending this service, but the law under which we Avere acting, 
in our opinion, gave us no jurisdiction over such cases. 

The amounts are generally small, and in the hands of loyal men who have suffered 
in the cause. We would, therefore, respectfully recommend that this class of cases be 
promptly investigated and paid. It appeared upon investigation that two regiments 
from the State oflowa, under the command of Colonels Morledge and Edwards, and 
one company under Uapt. W. C. Jones, were called out by proper authority, and 
did service in ^Missouri. That the legislature of Iowa made provisions for the pay- 
ment of the officers and men, and that part have been paid, and the l)alance are 
being paid upon presentation of their claims. Satisfactory evidence was produced 
of their service and that the claiui was within our jurisdiction, but as the State of 
Iowa had parth' paid them and had assumed the payment of the balance, we did 
not enter them upon our books, but gave the State ofhcers a certificate of facts that 
will assist the State in settling the same with the War Department. 

No claims were presented from the State of Kansas, though we were advised that 
services were rendered by officers and men that would probably come within our 
jurisdiction. None were presented, proljably because of the absence of officers in 
active service in the field and the distracted condition of things in that State. 

Among other claims presented to us were some for services rendered as "spies 
and scouts," employed by the different commanders of the department. The serv- 
ices were performed either by regularly organized companies, or bands, or by indi- 
viduals. We are satisfied that the services were performed, that they were valuable 
and dangerous, and should be paid; but in the absence of any rule of compensation 
established, either by law or custom, or of a knowledge on our part of the prices 
usually paid, we have inserted the names of the companies and individuals on our 
books, leaving the department to give the customary compensation to such persons 
for such services. 

By reference to our books the claim of Capt. J. M. Richardson's company will 1)6 
found in volume 1, on page 112. 

That of Capt. Emory S. Foster's couipany will be found in volume 1, on page 96. 

That of Cicero A. Lewis in volume 1, i)age 53. 

That of Jenisha Page in volume 1, page 53. 

The paper annexed hereto, marked A," contains a statement of our expenditures, 
and are the vouchers for such payments. 

Herewith is $1,983.80, the balance of the money placed in our liands to pay the 
expenses of the Commission. 

Haavkixs T.wlor, 
Chas. T. Shermax, 
Francis T. Russeli,, 

Commissio7iers. 

I have cheerfully concurred in the findings of my associate commissioners so far as 
they go, as giving thus much to the early and worthy defenders of my State; but to 
the brave and ruined men of the Southwest and the Northwest, I deeply regret that 
a little more could not have been awarded. 

In the matter of pay for horses, too, I respectfully submit that I have steadfastly 

"Not here reproduced. 



160 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

differed ■with them. I take the ground that the law directing us to allow pay to 
officer;^, noncommissioned ofticers, musicians, and privates, who have been hereto- 
fore actually employed in the military service of the Uniteil States, Avhether mustered 
into actual service or not, when their services were accepted and actually employed 
by the generals, etc., the same jiay as in cases of regular enlistment authorized us to 
allow to private soldiers using their horses in a moimted service the army pay in 
such eases. 

The law in general is not limited to an infantry, cavalry, or artillery service, but 
embraces all, an<l if mounted men were accepted and used should be paid for as 
such. 

The argument of risk to horses at home, and that they were put in the Army for 
safety and fed by the Government, is of no force if the Government really used 
them. And besides, if it is valid, it goes too far, and would on its own principle 
exclude thousands of the men, too, for to my certain knowledge thousands of exjiosed 
Union men in Missouri could not stay at their homes and went to the service for 
safety, at least in part, and were there both fed and clothed. Many poor Union men 
have ridden to death in this service and some of them had killed under them their 
only horse, and that, too, without pay per diem or a valuation. 

Of course we have no jurisdiction to award an allowance for the valuation of such 
horses. The enemy were well mounted, and against them infantry was mostly use- 
less, and the horses of these men were needed, accepted, and hardly used by our 
Government, and I hold should be paid for. 

I also wish to call attention a little specially to the matter of transportation and 
supplies for these Home (iuards, and to add my sincere regret that these matters 
were clearly outside our jurisdiction. 

It is shown on the rolls and by other good evidence that almost every company 
used from two to four wagons hauling for them in their campaigns, and necessarily 
so, and had them of the best of Union men. Some of these teams were lost and worn 
out by the chances and service of war, and should be paid for accordingly by the 
Government. 

The same is true of supplies for these troops, who, being deficient in ordinary 
army experience and of facilities for procuring them, and forced by want to have 
them, procured bacon, flour, groceries, horse feed and all necessaries at large from 
both farmers and merchants. Many of these were violent Union men, who thus 
upheld our cause with their own means when it could not ])e bought elsewhere, and 
did it for the sake of the cause, and did it, too, to prevent injury to our cause by 
violent seizures. 

I beg leave to be thus earnest on these points, because I myself only of the com- 
missioners have ha<l opportunity for personal experience and observation in regard 
to them. The cases in both clas.ses are mostly small claims, but numerous and held 
by needy jiersons, and are susceptible of plain and clear proof, and I earnestly insist 
should be early provided for and paid. 

F. T. RussKLL, Commissioner. 

Washington, September -21, 1863. 
The Ccmimission when in St. Louis neglected to state that proof was made to 
them that Colonel Eppstein, of the Boonville Home Guards, advanced money and 
supplies to his officers and men, with the agreement that the money so advanced by 
him should be deducted from their pay and paid to Colonel Eppstein when the 
Government made payment. 

In Volume No. 2, pages 28(5-24.3, will be found his companies. There is a column 
in each showing the amount advanced to each officer and man. All these sums 
should be ])aid to Colonel P^ppstein. 

H.\WKiNs Tavlok, 

('hainnan, Commission. 
[Ilnd.] 

By an act approved Jaiuiarv 22, IS*)-!-, an appropriation was made 
to provide for tlio deficiency in the previous appropriation for the pay- 
ment of the chiim.s adjudicated by the Commi.ssion, and. among other 
things, it was provided that payment of the awards be made by pay- 
masters of the United States Army. Following is a cop}' of the act: 

AN ACT to provide for the deficiency in the appropriation for the pay of officers and men actually 
employed in the Western Department, or Department of Missonri. 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America 
in Congress assembled, That tliere be, and hereby is, appropriated out of any money 



HOME C4rAKDS, 18H1. 161 

in the Treasury not otherwise a])i)ropriate<l the sum of seven hundred thousand 
six hundred and twelve dollars and thirteen cents, or so mucli thereof as may be 
necessary, to carry into effect the act approved March twenty-fiftii, eighteen hun- 
dred autl sixty-two, to secure to the ofhcers and men actually em[)loyed in the 
Western -Department, or Department of ]Miss(niri, their pay, l)Ounty, and pen- 
sion: Priirideil, Itoirerer, That in the payment of the money hereby appropriated 
such payment shall l)e made directly to the ofticers or soldiers by whom the services 
were rendered, or to their personal representatives, or to their agents appointed by 
powers of attorney; and no assij^nnient of any sum due to any oflicer or soldier 
shall be valid; such payments to be made by paymasters of the United States Army: 
Provkled further, luxrrrer, That any person holding a power of attorney authorizing 
the receipt by him of the amount to be paid to any officer or soldier may upon mak- 
ing and tiling an affidavit to the effect that he is acting in the premises purely as 
agent without |)ersonal interest, and that he will pay over the amount received 
either to the soldier or (in his absence) to his wife or childen for their benefit, be 
entitled to receive such amount. 

Approved, January 22, 1864. 

[13 Stat. L., pp. 1, 2.] 

This act was amended by a joint resolution approved June 25, 1864, 
as follows: 

JOINT RE.S0LUTIC)X amendatory of "An net to provide for the defioienoy in the appropriation for 
the pay of officers and men actually employed in the Western Department, or Department of 
Missouri." 

Be it resolved hi/ the Seufife and Iloin^e of Representatives of the United States of America 
in Congress assembled, That where anv person or persons holding any power of 
attorney or assignment executed sul)se(juent to August sixteenth, eighteen hundred 
and sixty-three, ami jirior to January twenty-second, eighteen hundred and sixty- 
four, for the sum adjudged due to any officer or soldier by the commissioHerg 
appointed under j(jint resolution approved February sixteenth, eighteen himdred and 
sixty-three, shall have paid any money to any officer or soldier on the faith of such 
power of attorney or assignment, that the paymaster appointed to disburse the funds 
appropriated by tite act approved January twenty-second, eighteen hmidred and 
sixty-four, to ])rovide for the deficiency in the appropriation for the pay of officers 
and men actually employed in the Western Department, or Department of Missouri, 
be, and he is herel)y, authorized and directed to pay to such person oi' persons the 
amount thus paid to any officer or soldier upon such attorney or assignee making and 
filing an affidavit to the effect that the amount was actually paid to said ofiicer or 
soldier, and upon the pajnnaster l)eing satisfied that the amount was actually paid; 
and tlie amount paid such attorney or assignee under this resolution shall be deducted 
from the amount due said officer or soldier, anything in any previous action of Con- 
gress to the contrary notwithstanding. 

Approved, June 25, 1864. 

[1.3 Stat. L., p. 410.] 

The siuiis awarded by the Coniniission were paid, as required by the 
statute, by army paymasters (at St. Louis, Mo.), and the vouchers 
upon which payments were made are tiled in the office of the Auditor 
for the War Department. 

In 1880 an act was passed by which the Secretar}^ of War was au- 
thorized to furnish, upon application therefor, certificates of discharge 
to the members of the Missouri Home Guards whose claims for pay 
had been adjudicated by the Hawkins Taj^lor Commission.' Following 
is a copy of the act: 

AN .\CT to authorize the Secretary |of War to furnish certificates of discharge to certain members of 

the Missouri Home Guards. 

Be it enacted hy the Senate arid House of Representatives of the United States of America 
in Congress assembled. That the Secretary of War be, and is hereby, authorized and 
directed to furnish, upon their several applications therefor, a certificate of discharge 
to each and every meml)er of the Missouri Home (ituards whose claims for pay were 

S. Doc. 412 11 



162 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

adjudicated by the Hawkins Taylor Coniniis'^ion, under the act approved Alaroh 
twenty-fifth, eighteen hundreil and sixty-two, and tlie several aets supplementary 
thereto. 

Ajiproved, May 15, 18.S(i. 

[24 Stat. L., p. 23.] 

This act of Cong-ress has been construed as authorizing the issue of 
discharge certificates to the representatives of deceased members of 
Home Guard organizations who v>'()uld themselves, if living, have been 
entitled to receive them. (R. & P., 74366.) 

The Missouri Home Guards of 18(51 differed from local organiza- 
tions generally in that they were organized under the authority of 
United States otticials and were called into actual service, if at all, 
through the agency of the General Government and not through the 
action of the State othcials. In view of this fact, and of the recogni- 
tion given them by the act of March 25, 1862, it has been decided by 
the War Department, concurring in the opinion of the Judge-Advocate- 
General of the Arm}', that the members of those organizations whose 
claims of service were recognized by the Ha^^ kins Taylor Commission 
are to be regarded by this Department as having been in the military 
service of the United States and as having formed a part of the United 
States militarv establishment during the civil war. (K. & P.. 
430378.) ' _ ^• 

With regard to the records of the Hawkins Taylor Commission, a 
letter was addressed by this oflice to Hon. F. M. Cockrell, United 
States Senate, under date of December 18, 1900, and was published in 
Senate Doc. No. 56, Fifty-sixth Congress, second session. Following 
is a copy: 

Record axd Pension Office, War Department, 

Wasliinr/tot) C'ili/, Dcci'iiiber IS, 1900. 
Hon. F. M Cockrell, 

United St((tei< Senate. 

Dear Sir: In reply to your letter without date, received this morning, in which 
you recjuest to be advised what records of the Hawkins Taylor Commission are on 
file in the War De])artnient, and esjiecially whether there is record of the proofs 
presented to the Commission showing length of actual service, also whether the rolls 
showing the names and services gave dates of enrollment and expiration of term and 
the period of actual service less than tlie period l)etween enrollment and exjiiration 
of service, I have the honor to advise you as follows: 

As you were advised in the letter addressed to you by this office under date of 
Deceinber 5, 1900, relative to the case of J. P. Hopkins — 

" The records of the jjroceedings of the Hawkins Taylor Commission, or other 
retained records of the Conunission, are not filed in this Department, and nothing is 
known at this ofiice relative to tlieir whereabouts, if they are in existence. The 
registers prei)ared l)y the Conunission, filed in tliis otiice, contain the only known 
record of the Commission relative to individual service." 

The registers of the Commission show, in the case of each man whose claim for 
service was adjudicated by it, the " date of organization " of the conunand of whiclv 
he was a member, and the date of his discharge, and in addition to this the i>eriod 
which the Commission "allowed as actual military service rendered the United 
States.'! It was fre(|uently the case tiiat the ])erio(l allowed a man by the Commis- 
sion as actual military service rendered the Cnitcd States was consideraltly less than 
the perio<l that elapsed between the date of oiganization of his command and the 
<late of his discliarge. For instance, in the case of William AValton, orYalton, Com- 
pany K, First Nortlieast Missouri Home Guards, referred to in your letter, the register 
of the Hawkins Taylor Commission shows June 17, 1.%1, a.'J "date of organization," 
and ()ctol)er 1, IStH, as "date of discharge," but the register also shows that the 
l)eriod of two months and twenty-one days was "alloweil as actual military service 
rendered the United States." The report furnish*>d to the Pen.«ion Ollice in this case 
was exactly in accordance with tluit showing of the register. 



HOME GUARDS, 18()1. 163 

It is well known that the men whose claims were adjudicated by the Hawkins Tay- 
lor Commission did n(jt render continuous military service from the date of organi- 
zation of their commands, or from the date of their enrollment therewith until the 
date of their discharge, and the purpose for which the Commission was created was 
chiefly that of ascertaining exactly how nuich military service was rendered by each 
of these men. This the Commission did, and its findings, as recorded in the regis- 
ters of the Commission, are the only known source nf infcjrmation with regard to the 
actual military service of any man whose claim was adjudicated l)y the Connnission. 
There is an i'nconsideralile number of rolls of these Home-Guard organizations on 
file in the Department, l)ut they show nothing of importance more than dates of 
organization or enrollment, and "dates of disbandment or discharge, just as the reg- 
isters of the Commission show similar extreme dates, and they afford no indication 
as to the amount of military service actually rendered between those dates. As 
stated above, the Commission was ap]winte<"l for the purpose of ascertaining and 
stating the amount of such service, and the report of the Commission is now the 
only means of determining that amount in any case. 

What documentary evidence, if any, the Conmiission had Ijefore it is unknown, but 
it is inferred from tlie report of the Commission that its findings were based to a 
great extent upon the oral testimony of claimants or their witnesses. At any rate, 
no records of the proceedings of the Commission are known to be in existence, and 
nothing is known as to the disposition made by it of any documentary evidence that 
may have been suljmitted to it. 

The report of the Connnission will be found printed in Senate Report, No. 214, 
Forty-eighth Congress, first session. This report embodies all the information 
known to this ofiice with regard to the methods of procedure of the Commission. 
Very respectfully, 

F. C. AiNSWORTH, 

Chief, Record and Pension Office. 

It is now known that the rolls that were in the custod\' of the Haw- 
kins Taylor Commission were turned over to the adjutant-general of 
Missotiri (Adjutant-Generars Report of 1863, p. 8), and it has been 
ascertained that the}^ are now on file with the archives of the State. 
(R. & P., 651504.) 

The i-egisters or records of claims kept b}" the Commission are 
tiled in this office, and are the onl}" authentic records of service actu 
ally rendered. From these registers was prepared the schedule 
(accompanying this paper) of the organizations whose members were 
paid through the agency of the Hawkins Taylor Commission. This 
schedule is complete, and it can safely be assumed that organizations 
not mentioned therein were not of the class of Home Guards actively 
employed in the militar^^ service of the United States, for whose relief 
the act of March 25, 1862, and subsequent legislation was intended. 

According to a report of the adjutant-general of the State of Mis- 
souri, heretofore quoted in this paper, 10,000 stand of arms were 
placed in the hands of the Home Guards organized especially for their 
own protection; and according to the same authority there were prol)- 
ably enough men in these Home-Guard organizations who furnished 
their own arms to make the membership of the local organizations 
upward of 15,000. But, as also stated by the same authority, "no 
accurate account can be given '' of this particular class of Home Guards, 
as "they accepted neither pay nor subsistence from the Government 
and made no reports to its authorities." No schedule of these local 
organizations, whose members were not recognized for pay by the 
Hawkins Taylor Conunission, can therefore be prepared. 

The history of the Missouri Home Guard organizations of 1861 may 
be simimarized as follows: 

(a) They were organized or recognized, if recognized at all, under 
the authority granted Brig. Gen. Nathaniel Lj^on, Jiuie 11, 1861, to 



16-1 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

"enlist ill the .•^el■vice of the United States such lo3'al citizens of the 
State of Missouri" as he might think propin". who should "not receive 
pay except when called into active service." 

{h) Some of them had an organized existence prior to June 11, 
1861, but all were either organized or recognized by Generals Lj^on 
and Fremont, or their subordinate commanders, if recognized at all, 
under the authority granted General Lyon on that date. 

(r) They were composed of two classes: (1) Those who were organ- 
ized for their own protection and the pr(\servation of peace in their 
own neighl)orhoods, and were armed by the United States but were 
to receive neither pay, clothing, nor rations, and (2) those who were 
organized, armed, and equipped for more active local service, for which 
service it was understood the}' would have a valid claim for pav. 

(d) With the exception of the meml)ers of some two or three organ- 
izations which were mustered into the United States service and have 
been paid as United States troops, they were not formally mustered 
into the service of the United States. 

(e) Those Avho were '"actually employed in the military service of 
the United States" ("called out or accepted by proper authority") 
have, through Congressional legislation, the action of the Hawkins 
Taylor Connnission, and the rulings of the ^^^ar Department, been 
placed upon the same footing as volunteers in the service of the United 
States with regard to pa}^ bount}^ and pension; and they or their 
representatives have received, or are entitled to receive, certiticates of 
honorable discharge if there is nothing in their personal records to 
show a dishonorable termination of service, 

(y) Members of those organizations whose services were not recog- 
nized by the Hawkins Taylor Commission have no legal status as 
volunteers or militia in the service of the United States, or, bj' virtue 
of their membership in the Home Guard organizations, an}^ legal 
status as militia in the service of the State of Missouri. 

As stated in the report of the Hawkins Taylor Commission, quoted 
in this paper, "the numlxu' of claims tiled for Services of companies was 
274," of which numbcn" 247 claims wore "'■ allowed." The records of the 
Connnission tiled in the War Department show that of the organiza- 
tions represented in the allowances made 6 regiments and 22 ])attal- 
ions, aggregating 102 companies, and 41> independent companies, 
making a total of 241 companies, were Home-Guard organizations, the 
other 6 companies reported by the Commission (5 companies, as 
shown by the records, consisting of scouts, spies, and others) evidently 
not being of that class. The number of allowances to individual mem- 
bers of Home-Guard organizations was 10,178. 

The rolls of companies not re])resented in the allowances made by 
the Connnission are not known to b(> in existence, and even the desig- 
nations of such companies are unknown to the War Department. 



CITIZEN GUARDS. 



Under the title of " Home Guards, 1861," it has been seen that soon 
after the beginning- ot" hostilities in Missouri numerous bodies of 
citizens were organized, by authorit}^ of the War Department, for home 
protection and local service, and that those on active duty were paid 
for their services, through the agency of a commission appointed 
under authority of Congress. These early organizations of Home 
Guards were disbanded after a few months"' service. 

Later in the progress of the war it was found expedient to form 
other companies of citizens for the protection of their homes and for 
local service in various localities and under divers conditions. A 
majority of these organizations, designated as "Citizen Guards," 
were formed for protection against the aggressions of guerrilla 
bands. In some instances they were recognized as Enrolled Missouri 
Militia and paid by the State, and in a few cases thev have l)een paid 
under special legislation by Congress, but in a large number of cases 
no provision has ever l)een made for their payment, either by the 
State or the United States, the service having been rendered without 
promise or expectation of pay. 

On August 25, 1863, Major-General Schotield, the commanding 
general of the Department of the Missouri, and also a major-general 
of the State of Missouri, commanding, by authority of the govei'nor, 
all of the militia of the State, issued a general order in which he 
invoked the active cooperation of citizens in the extermination of 
guerrilhis and directed that, to protect themselves from violence, and 
to aid the troops when necessai'v, all loyal and peaceable citizens be 
permitted to bear arms. Following is a copy of the order: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

No. 86. i St. Louis, August ^5, 1863. 

Large numbers ^f men are leaving the broken rebel ariiiies in the Mississippi Val- 
ley and returning to INIissouri. Many of them, doubtless', come back with the pur- 
pose of following a career of ])hm(ler and murder under the form of guerrilla warfare, 
while others would gladly return to their homes as peaceable citizens if perraittecl 
to do sf) and protectted from violence. 

The State is in danger of a repetition of the scenes of violence and bloodshed which 
characterized the months of July and August, 1862. The united efforts of all loyal 
and peaceably disposed citizens, as well as of the troops of this department, will be 
required to avert this evil. 

It IS the desire of the commanding general that all those who voluntarily abandon 
the rebel cause and desire to return to their allegiance to the United States shall be 
permitted to do so, un<ler such restrictions as the ])ublic peace shall re(|uire. All 
such persons may surrender themselves and their arms at the nearest military post, 
and will be released u])on taking the oath of allegiance and giving l)ond for their 
future good conduct. They will be required to reside in such portion of IMissouri 
or other State as the provost-marshal who releases them shall direct. 

All who shall fail to comply with these conditions, and sliall remain within our 
lines without renewing their allegiance, will be treated as criminals according to the 
laws of war. Those who shall engage in robbery, murder, or other similar crimes 
will be exterminated without mercy. 

Humanity demands of every citizen active and earnest cooperation with the mili- 
tary authorities in putting down these common enemies of mankind. Tlie com- 

165 



166 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

manding general demands of everj' citizen the full discharge of his duty in this 
regard. Those who neglect it will be held responsible in their jiersons and property 
for tile damage that may result from tlieir neglect, and will be punished at the dis- 
cretion of a military commission. If milder means shall fail, the commanding general 
will order the destruction or seizure of all houses, barns, provisir)ns, and other prop- 
erty belonging to disloyal persons in those portions of the State which are made the 
haunts of guerrillas. 

To enable them to protect themselves from violence, and to aid the troops when 
necessary, all loyal and peaceable citizens in Missouri will be permitted to bear arms. 
As far as practicable arms which have heretofore been taken from such citizens will 
be returned to them. 

By command of Major-General Schotield: 

C. W. Marsh, 
Assistant Adjutant- General. 

DISTRICT OF THE BORDER. 

On the date of the order quoted above. Aitg-nst 25. 18H3. Brig-. Gen. 
Thomas Ewing, commanding the District of the Border, issued from 
his headquarters at Kansas City. Mo., a general order requiring all of 
the inhabitants of certain counties and districts to remove from their 
homes within tifteen days from the date of the order. This order 
reads as follows: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters District of the Border, 

No. II. i . Kdusas Citi/, Mo., August 25, 1863. 

I. All persons living in Jackson, Cass, and Bates counties, ]Mo., and in that part 
of Vernon included in this district, except those living within one mile of the limits of 
Independence, Hickman Mills, Pleasant Hill, and Harrisonville, and excejit those in 
that part of Kaw Township, Jackson County, nnrth of Brush Creek and west of the 
Big Blue, are hereby ordered to remove from their jiresent places of residence within 
fifteen days from the date hereof. Those who, within that time, establish their loy- 
alty to the satisfaction of the commanding officer of the military station nearest their 

f)resent places of residence will receive from him certificates stating the fact of their 
oyalty, and the names of the witnesses by whom it can be shown. All who receive 
such certificates will he permitted to remove to any military station in this district, 
or to any part of the State of Kansas, except the counties on the eastern border of 
the State. All others shall remove out of this district. Officers commanding compa- 
nies and detachments serving in the counties named will see that this paragraph is 
promptly oljeyed. 

II. All grain and hay in the field or under shelter in the district from which the 
inhabitants are required to remove withiij reach of military stations after the 9th day 
of September next will be taken to such stations and turned over to the proper offi- 
cers there, and report of the amount so turned over made to district headquarters, 
specifying the names of all loyal owners and the amount of such produce taken from 
them. All grain and hay found in such district after the 9th day of September next 
not convenient to such stations will be destroyed. 

******* 
By order of Brigadier-General Kwing: 

H. Hannahs, 
Act ill;/ A.'fsistaiit Adjiitiint-deveraL 
[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XXII, Part 
II, 1.. 473.] 

This order followed a few days after the burning of the town of 
Lawrence, Kans., and the massacre of its inhabitants by guerrilla bands 
from the V)order counties of Missouri. Concerning the conditions 
which prompted its issue General Ewing wrote: 

Headqcarteks District ov thk IIokder, 

Kinmtx at II, Mo., AminstSl, 1863. 
Col. C. W. .Maksh, 

AmKtfiiil Adjutant-General, Di'partmentof thr Missouri, St. Louis, Mo. 
Sir: Some commanders of detachments engaged in the pursuit of Quantrill are still 
ont after his scattered forces. In advance of their return I suV»mit a report of the 



CITIZEN GUARDS. 167 

raid, which, in some respects, may l)e deficient for want of official information from 
them. 

Three or four times this suimuer the guerrillas have assembled to the number of 
several hundred within twenty or thirty miles of the Kansas border. They have 
threatened, alternately, Lexington, Independence, Warrensburg, and Ilarrisonville, 
and frequent reports have reached me from scouts and spies that they meant to sack 
and destroy Shawnee, Olathe, Paola, Mound City, and other towns in Kansas near 
the eastern border. 

******* 

On the 25th instant I issued an order requiring all residents of the counties of 
Jackson, Cass, Bates, and that part of Vernon included in this district, except those 
within one mile of the limits of the military stations and the garrisoned towns, and 
those north of Brush Creek and west of Big Blue, to remove from their present 
places of residence within fifteen days from that date; those who prove their loyalty 
to be allowed to move out of the district or to any military station in it, or to any part 
of Kansas west of the border counties; all others to move out of the district. When 
the war broke out, the district to which this order applies was peopled by a commu- 
nity three-fourths of whom were intensely disloyal. The avowed loyalists have been 
driven from their farms long since, and their houses and improvements generally 
destroyed. They are living in Kansas and at military stations in Missouri, unable 
to return to their homes. None remain on their farms but rebels and neutral fami- 
lies; and practically the condition of their tenure is that they shall feed, clothe, and 
shelter the guerrillas, furnish them information, and deceive or withhold information 
from us. The exceptions are few, perhaps twenty families in those parts of the 
counties to which the order applies. Two-thirds of those who left their families on 
the border and went to the rebel armies have returned. They dare not stay at home, 
and no matter what terms of anmesty may be granted, they can never live in the 
country except as brigands; and so long as their families and associates remain, they 
will stay until the last man is killed, to ravage every neighborhood of the border. 
With your approval, I was about adopting, before this raid, measures for the removal 
of the" families of the gueri'illas and of known rebels, under which two-thirds of the 
families affected by this order would have been compelled to go. That order would 
have been most difficult of execution, and not half so effectual as this. Though this 
measure may seem too severe, I believe it will prove not inhuman, but merciful, to 
the noncombatants affected by it. Those who prove their loyalty will find houses 
enough at the stations, and will not be allowed to suffer for want of food. Among 
them there are but few dissatislied with the order, notwithstanding the i)resent 
hardship it imposes. Among the Union refugees it is regarded as the best assurance 
they have ever had of a return to their homes and permanent peace there. To obtain 
the full military advantages of this removal of the people, I have ordered the destruc- 
tion of all grain and hay, in shed or in the field, not near enough to military stations 
for removal there. I have also ordered from the towns occupied as military stations 
a large numl)er of persons, either openly or secretly disloyal, to prevent the guerrillas 
getting information of the townspeople which they will no longer be able to get of 
the farmers. The execution of these orders will possibly lead to a still fiercer and 
more active struggle, requiring the best use of the additional troojis the general com- 
manding has sent me, but will soon result, though with much unmerited loss and 
suffering, in putting an end to this savage border war. 

I am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

Thomas Ewing, Jr., Brigadicr-^iencral. 

[I])id., Vol. XXII, Part I, pp. 579-585.] 

On the same subject, Major-General Schofield, commanding the 
Department of the Mis.souri. stated in a letter to the Adjutant-General 
of the Army: 

HEAIMilAKTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE MISSOURI, 

St. Loui% ^fo., Septemher 14, 1863. 
Col. E. D. TowxsEXD, 

Assistant Adjutant-General, Waslungton, I). C. 

Colonel: I have the honor to forward herewith, for the information of the 
General in Chief, Brigadier-General Kwing's report of the burning of Lawrence, 
Kans., and massacre of its inhabitants, an(l of the operations of his troops in the 
pursuit and punishment of the rel)els and assassins who committed the atrocious deed. 

Innnediately after his return from the pursuit of Quantrill, on the 25th fif August, 
General Ewing issued an order depopulating certain counties, and destroying all 
forage and subsistence therein. The reasons which led him to adopt this severe 
measure are given in his report. 

The people of Kansas were, very naturally, intensely excited over the destruction 



168 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

of one of their fairest towns, and the murder of a large number of its unarmed citi- 
zens, and many of them called loudly for vengeance, not only upon the perpetrators 
of the horrible crime, but also upon all the people residing in the western counties 
of ^Missouri, and who were assumed to be more or less guilty of aiding the ci'iminals. 
It would be greatly unjust to the people of Kansas, in general, to say that they 
shared in this desire for indiscriminate vengeance; but there were not wanting 
unj)rini'ipled leaders t(j fan the flame of popular excitement and goad the people to 
madness, in the hope of thereby accomplishing their own seltish ends. 

()n the 26th of August a mass meeting was held in the city of Leavenworth, at 
which it was resolveil that the i^eople should meet at Paola on the 8th of September, 
armed and supplied for a campaign of fifteen days, for the purpose of entering Mis- 
souri to search for their stolen property and retaliate upon the people of Missouri 
for the outrages I'ommitted in Kansas. This meeting was addressed by some of the 
leading men of Kansas in the most violent and inflammatory manner, and the 
temper of the.se leaders and of their followers was such that there seemed to be great 
danger of an indiscriminate slaughter of the people in western ^Missouri, or of a col- 
lision with the troops, under General Ewing, in their efforts to prevent it. Uniler 
these circumstances, I determined to visit Kansas and western Missouri for the pur- 
pose of settling the difliculty, if possible, and also for the purpose of gaining more 
accurate information of the condition of the border counties of Missouri, and thus 
making myself able to judge of the wisdom and necessity of the severe measures 
which had been adopted by General Ewing. 

I arrived at Leavenworth City on the 2d of September and obtained an interview 
with the governor of the State and other prominent citizens. I found the gcivernor 
and his supporters oppo.sed to all unauthorized movement on the part of the people 
of Kansas, and willing to cooperate with me in restoring quiet and in providing for 
future security. I then sought and ol)tained an interview with the Hon. J. H. Lane, 
United States Senator, who was the recognized leader of those engaged in the Paola 
movement. Mr. Lane explained to me his views of the necessity, as he 1)elieved, of 
making a large portion of western ^lissouri a desert waste, in order that Kansas 
might be secure against future invasion. He proposed to tender to the district com- 
mander the services of all the armed citizens of Kansas to aid in executing this 
policy. This, I informed him, was impossible; that whatever measures of this kind 
it might he necessary to adopt must be executed by United States troops; that irre- 
s])onsi])]e citizens could not be intrusted with the discharge of such duties. He then 
insisted that the people who might assem1)le at Paola should be permitted to enter 
Mi.ssouri "in search of their stolen property," and desired to jslace them under my 
connnand, he (General Lane) j^ledging himself that they should strictly confine 
themselves to such search, abstaining entirely from all unlawful acts. General Lane 
profes.'^ed entire confidence in his ability to control, al)solutely, the enraged citizens 
Avho might volunteer in such enterprise. I assured Mr. Lane that nothing would 
afford me greater pleasure than to do all in my power to assist the outraged and 
despoiled jieople to recover their property, as well as to j)unish their des])oilers: hut 
that the search proposed would be fruitless, becau.^e all the valuable property which 
had not already been recovered from those of the rol)l>ers wlio had })een slain had 
been carried l)y the others far beyond the Iwrder counties, and that I had not the 
slightest faith in his a1)ility to control a mass of people who might choose to assendjle 
under a call which promised the iinest po.ssible opportunity for plunder, ixeneral 
Lane desired me to consi«ler the matter fully, and inform him as soon as jiossible of 
my decision, saying if I decided not to allow the peo])le the "right"' which they 
claimed, he would ai)]ieal to the President. It was not difficult to discover that so 
absurd a i)roposition as that of Mr. Lane could not have been made in good faith, nor 
had I nmcli dilliculty in detecting the true oliject which was propo.^ed to be accom- 
plished, which was to ol)tain, if possH)le, my consent to accept the services of all 
who might meet at Paola and take them into Missouri uniier my command, when I, 
of course, would be iii'ld responsible for the nmrder and robln-ry which must neces- 
sarily ensue. 

I soon becaine satistieil tiiat, notwithstanding Mr. Lane's a.*sertion to the contrary, 
lie had no thought of trying to carry out his scheme in o]>jH)sition to my orders, and 
that the vast majority of the peojjle of Kansas were entirely o]>po,seil to any such 
movement. On the 4tli of S('i)tend)er 1 published an onler, a copy of which is 
inclosed, j)rohibiting armed men, not in the military service, from passing from one 
State into the other, and sent a suthcient force along the State line to enforce the 
order against any who might be disposed to disobey it. The people quietly aci^ui- 
esced. The Paola meeting, which liad i>romised to be of gigantic ])i-oportions, 
dwindled down to a few lumdred people, who spent a rainy day in listening to 
speeches and i>assing resolutions relative to the f^enator from Kan.sas and the com- 
mander of the Dcjiartment of the Missoini. 

******* 



CITIZEN GUARDS. 109 

Not the least of the oljject? of my visit to the bordei- was to see for myself the 
condition of the border counties, and determine what nioditieation, if any, ought to 
be made in the policy which General Pawing had adopted. I spent several days in 
visiting various points in the counties affected l)y General E wing's order; and in con- 
versing with the i>eople of all shades of politics who are most deeply affected by the 
measures adopted, 1 became fully satisfied that the order depopulating certain 
counties, with the exception of specified districts, was wise and necessary. That 
portion of the order which directed the destruction of property I did not approve, 
and it was modified accordingly. 

The evil which exists upon the border of Kansas and Missouri is somewhat dif- 
ferent in kind and far greater in degree than in other parts of Missouri. It is the 
old border hatred intensified by the rebellion and liy the murders, robberies, and 
arson which have characterized the irregular warfare carried on during the early 
periods of the rebellion, not only by the rebels, but by our own troops and people. 
The effect of this has been to render it impossible for any man who openly avowed 
and maintained his loyalty to the Government to live in the l)order counties of Mis- 
souri outside of military posts. A large majority of the people remaining were 
open rebels, while the remainder were compelled to abstain from any word or acts 
in opposition to the rebellion at the peril of their lives. . All were practical] v enemies 
of the Government and friends of the rebel guerrillas. The latter found no diffi- 
culty in supplying their commissariat wherever they went, and, what was of vastly 
greater importance to them, they obtained prompt and accurate information of every 
movement of our troops, while no citizen was so bold as to give us information in 
regard to the guerrillas. In a country remarkably well adapted l)y nature for guer- 
rilla warfare, with all the inhabitants practically the friends of the guerrillas, it has 
been found impossible to rid the country of such enemies. At no time during the 
war have these counties been free from them. No remedy short of destroying the 
source of their great advantage over our troops could cure the evil. 

I did not approve of the destruction of property, at first contemplated by General 
Ewing, for two reasons, viz, I l)elieve the end can be accomplished without it, and 
it can not be done in a reasonable time so effectually as to very much embarrass the 
guerrillas. 

The country is full of hogs and cattle, running in the woods, and of potatoes in 
the ground and corn in the field, which can not be destroyed or moved in a reason- 
able time. 

I hope the time is not far distant when the loyal people can return in safety to 
their homes, and when those vacated by rebels will be purchased and settled by 
people who are willing to live in peace with their neighliors on both sides of the 
line. 

The measure which has been adopted seems a very harsh one; but, after the full- 
est exaiiiination and consideration of which I am capable, I am satisfied it is wise 
and humane. It was not adopted hastily, as a consequence of the Lawrence mas- 
sacre. The su])ject had long been discussed between (General Ewing and myself, and 
its necessity recognized as at least jirobable. I had determined to adopt the milder 
policy of removing all families known to be connected with or in sympathy with the 
guerrillas, and had connnenced its execution before the raid upon Lawrence. The 
utter impossibility of deciding who were guilty and who innocent, and the great dan- 
ger of retaliation Ijy the guerrillas upon those who should remain, were the chief 
reasons for adojiting the present ))olicy. In executing it a liberal test of loyalty is 
adopted. Persons who come to the military posts and claim protection as loyal citi- 
zens are not turned away without perfectly satisfactory evidence of disloyalty. It is 
the first opportunity which those people have had since the war began of openly 
proclaiming their attachment to the Union without fear of rebel vengeance. 

* ***** * 

I am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

J. M. ScHOFiELD, Major-General. 

[Ibid., pp. 572-575.] 

On November lb, 1803. Generul Ewing. having" in contemplation the 
return to their homes of the \o\sd residents of the border counties, 
telegraphed Major-General Schofield as follovs^s: 

K.\xsAS [City], XorOnher 18, ISfiS. 
Maj. Gen. J. M. Schofield, St. Louis: 

I shall endeavor to get the settlements in neighborhoods where men can maintain 
military organizations. It is important to provide my [by] order for the organiza- 
tion of small companies to whom issues should be made of guns and pistols and cloth- 



170 MISSOURI TROOPS ITNIOIST. 

ing. There will be about 300 of guch reliable men in the three counties. Shall I 
provide in the order for puch organization and isnnes? 

Thomas Ewix(;, Jr., Brlr/adier-General. 
[Book No. -407, Department of the Mis.souri, p. 164.] 

To this telegram General Schofield replied, also by telegraph, on the 
same date, authorizing the organization of the l)order men into com- 
panies of convenient size, as pro})osed by General Kwing. stating that 
he would recognize them as militia in active service and authorize the 
issue of arms, clothing, and subsistence. Following is a cop}' of Gen- 
eral Schotield's telegram: 

November 18, 1863. 
Brigadier-General Ewing, Kansas City, Mo.: 

Organize the men who return to the border counties into companies of convenient 
Bize, as you propose. I will recognize tliem as militia in active service and authorize 
the issue of arms, clothing, and subsistence. I will send from here clothing for that 
specific purpose. • 

J. M. Schofield, Major-Genei-al. 

[Book No. 108, Department of the Missouri, p. 261.] 

On the 20th of November General Ewing issued a general order 
announcing the conditions under which former residents of the depopu- 
lated districts might return to their homes. This order provided, 
among other things, that all men permitted to return (loyal men only) 
should be organized, as far as practicable, into companies of "militia 
of the State in active service"" for the protection of their homes against 
the attacks of guerrilla bands. Following is a copy of the order: 

Gener.\l Orders, \ Headquarters District of the Border, 

No. 20. j Kansas City, Mo., November 20, 1863. 

I. Loyal persons, formerly resident in that i)art of the district from which the 
inhabitants were required to remove by General Orders, No. 11, may obtain permits 
to return and safeguards for persons and property in the manner and on the terms 
herein prescribed. Applications for such permits and safeguards will be made to the 
officer commanding at one of the following stations nearest the ajiplicant's jilace of 
residence, to wit, Westport, Independence, Hickman 3Iills, Pleasant Hill, Harrisoiv 
ville, Trading Post, and must be accompanied with satisfactory proof of the uniform 
loyal conduct and reputation of the applicants. ^Vhen the applicant is the head of 
a family, the permit or safeguard will name the applicant and the nonadult children 
of the family. Each adult of a family will make separate proofs and receive a sepa- 
rate permit and safeguard. The commanding officer of each of the stations named 
will keep a record of the names, ages, and places of residence of persons to whom 
such permits and safeguards are issued by him, and of the persons by whom their 
loyalty is shown, and also, in like manner, a record of persinisto Avhom he refuses to 
issue such permits and safeguards. Transcripts of the record will be sent to these 
head({uarters from time to time with the trimonthly reports. Such permits and safe- 
guards will be in the form hereinafter prescribed. When proof is made in any case 
to the satisfaction of the station commander, he will fill up carefully the blanks in 
such form, and sign the permit and safeguard, and forwarcl the same to these head- 
quarters for the approval of the general commanding. No such i)ermit and safe- 
guard will be valid without such approval indorsed upon it. Save in exceptional 
instances, such permits will not be given at present to persons owning no lands or 
crops or having no sufficient means of sui^port in the district named, nor to persons 
living in the timber more than three miles distant from any station, nor to ]>erson8 
having near relatives or connections in the rebel service. Where in their judgment 
such exceptions shoidd be made, commanders of stations will send to these head(iuar- 
ters, in writing, the reasons for such exception. 

II. If any person in the military service of the Fnited States shall knowingly and 
willfully connnit any act of injury to the person or property of any resident holding 
such safeguard,' he shall be arrested and sent here for trial by court-martial for the 
offense of forcing a safeguard, which is one of the gravest in the Articles of War. If 
any ])erson not in the military service of the Tnited States shall knowingly and 
willfully c<iiiimit such act ()f injury, he shall be arrested and sent here for trial by 
military commission. When any person holding such stifeguard or permit shall 



CITIZEN GUARDS. 171 

willfully violate any one of the conditions on which it is given, such person shall be 
arrested and sent here by the nearest station commander for trial and punishment. 
In case the person so offending is a woman, and the head of a family, she shall be 
ordered out of the district by such commander, and failing to go, will be sent here 
with her family for removal. 

III. If any person or persons shall settle in the district named without such per- 
mission in writing being first regularly obtained, such person or persons will be 
notified by the nearest station commander to leave the district, and on failure to do 
so will be arrested and sent here for removal. 

IV. The requisite authority having been obtained, commanders of stations named 
above will cause all the men who are allowed to return to be organized, as far as 
practicable, in companies in the several neighborhoods. Each company will cf)nsist of 
not less than thirty men, living within convenient distances of the place of rendez- 
vous, and arms, clothing, and rations will be issued to them. They will be received 
by the pro])er authorities as militia of the State in active sei-vice. The general com- 
manding attem{)ts this early settlement of the depopulated district at the urgent 
solicitation of many loyal men, who are now willing to try to live again at their 
homes. He will aid them to the utmost with the troops under his command, and 
assure them that no rebel families will be allowed to return to entice l)ack and sup- 
port the guerrillas. But, after all, the question whether the guerrillas can come 
back to resume their ravages, depends much upon the action of the loyal inhabitants 
themselves. They must return to their farms, not as noncombatants, "but thoroughly 
armed and organized in each neighborhood. It is chiefly Ijy such neighborhood 
organization that they can hope to save themselves and their property, keep out the 
guerrillas, and insure a permanent and prosperous resettlement of the border. 

By order of Brigadier-General Pawing: 

H. Hannahs, 
Acihig AssiMant Adjutant-General. 

(Here follows a form of permit and safeguard.) 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XXII, Part 
II, p. 7i:i] 

On the date of this order, November 20, 1803, a letter was addressed 
by General Ewing- to the military- commanders at Harrisonville, West- 
port. Hickman Mills, Independence, Trading- Post, and Pleasant Hill, 
as follows: 

Headquarters District of the Border, 

Kansas City, Mo., November W, 1863. 
Commanding Officer of . 

Sir: I inclose you a copy of Order No. 20, and forms of permits and safeguards. I 
want you to devote your most careful attention to the due execution of this order, as 
the success of the effort depends chiefly on the manner of its execution. 

Let no men of doubtful loyalty have permits. Give no permits under any circum- 
stances to women of bad character, though they be loj'al. And, in fact, discourage 
the idea of women going to places remote from the station unless they have visible 
means of honest support. The great evil of the border was the multitude of lewd 
women infesting it heretofore and attracting the guerrillas. That evil must not be 
allowed to take root again. 

In doubtful cases throw the doubt against the applicant, so that all may under- 
stand distinctly that this step is for the loyal alone. 

If possible, get one or more companies organized to go out from the post and form 
a nucleus for resettlement. The more of such centers of settlement that can be 
established, the mf)re prompt will be the resettlement of the country. The men so 
organized will be allowed all the time they can spare from the defense of their own 
settlement to \Ao\\ and cultivate the farm on which they live. They will be fed, 
clothed, and armed (with pistols as well as rifled nuiskets) by the Government, and 
will be received by (ieneral Schofield as State militia in active service, which will 
entitle them to pay the same as other provisional companies. I rely chiefly on the 
organization of these companies for a successful resettlement of the border. 

Do not fail to let me hear from you whenever any question of interest arises on 
this subject. 

I am, very truly, yours, 

Thomas Ewing, 
Brigadier- General. 

[Book Xo. 400, Department of the Missouri, p. 282.] 



172 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

On the same date also, November 20, 1863, General Ewing- wrote to 
General Schotield, requesting- a supplj- of clothing. He said: 

Kansas [City], Nor ember 20, 1863. 
Major-General Schofield, St. Louh: 

Please have complete outfit of clothing for 350 border Missouri militia shipped at 
once, invoiced to Capt. Tlieo. S. Case, district quartermaster, here. When will it 
be shipped? 

Thomas Jawing, Jr., 

Brigadier- General. 
[Book No. 407, Department of the ^Missouri, p. 166.] 

On the 2d of December General Ewing communicated bj' telegraph 
with department headquarters relative to the muster in of the borcler 
companies. Following is a cop}' of his telegram of that date: 

Kansas City, December 2, 1863. 
Maj. 0. D. Greene, 

Assistant Adjutant- General, Department of the Missouri, St. Louis, Mo.: 
By whom shall the border companies be mustered? Shall those who organized 
under my order No. 12, and have done service regularly, be mustered back to date of 
commencement of service? 

Thomas Ewing, Jr., 

Brigadier- General. 
[Ibid., p. 169.] 

To this telegram a reply was sent by direction of General Schotield 
under date of December 8, 1863, as follows: 

December 3, 1863. 
General Ewing, Kansas City, Mo.: 

The general commanding directs that the border companies be mustered by your 
assistant commissary of musters. All will be mustered to cover their actual service. 

O. D. Greene, 
Assistant Adjidant- General. 
[Book No. 108, Department of the Missouri, p. 279.] 

It is here to be remarked that General Ewing'.s order No. 12, referred 
to in his telegram of December 2, has not been discovered, but on 
September 24, 1863, an order was issued by the commanding officer of 
the post of Kansas City, "in pursuance of General Orders, No. 12, 
dated headquarters District of the Border," directing the organiza- 
tion of the loyal citizens of the post into companies ""for the defense 
of the station.'' Following is a copy of the order: 

General Orders, \ IIeadui'artehs Post, 

No. 3. i Kansas Citii, Mo., September 24, 1863. 

I. In pursuance of General Orders, No. 12, dated headquarters District of the Bor- 
der, the loyal citizens of this military post will be organized into companies, drilled 
and armed for tlie defense of the station. 

II. The loyal citizens of this station are called upon to organize tliemselves into 
com])anies of not less tlian 40 nor more than 100 men, elect their officers, and report 
to these head()uarters,when they will be armed and equii)ped ready for service. 

III. It is not the intention of the commanding oliicer of this station ■ to use the 
trooi)s thus organized for active service except in case of emergency, and then only 
for the defense of the station. 

IV. The commanding ofticer of this station trusts that the citizens will see the 
importance and necessity of this organization, and that they will respond to the call, 
and by so doing avoid the necessity of more stringent measures to enforce this order. 

By order of II. H. Williams, major Tenth Kansas Volunteers, commanding post: 

I. M. Ruth, 
Lieutenant (Oid I'ost Adjutant. 
[Book No. 942, Department of the Missouri.] 



CITIZEN GUARDS. 173 

The l)order companies were as follows: 

Ilari'lsoiivUle Convpan ies. 

Capt. Alexander Robinson's company: This company' was accepted 
into service December 24, ISGB, at Harrisonville, Mo., under authorit}^ 
of Major-General Schotield, dated Noveml)er 18, 1803, quoted above, 
as a compan^-'of Enrolled Missouri Militia. The records, however, 
show that it Vas ordered into active service September 14, 1803, and 
continued in active service until March 12, 1865, when it was relieved 
from duty. It was recognized by the State of Missouri as an inde- 
pendent company of Cass County Enrolled Missouri Militia, aiid was 
paid by the State. A majority of its members were over the military 
age and were mustered "only to secure for them the pay for services 
rendered." 

Capt. Elias P. West's company: This company was accepted into 
service December 25, 1863, at Harrisonville, Mo., under authorit}-^ of 
Major-General Schotield, dated November 18, 1863, quoted above, as 
a company of Enrolled Missouri ]\Iilitia. The records, however, show 
that it was ordered into active service September 14, 1863, and con- 
tinued in active service until November 18, 1864, when it was relieved 
from duty. It was recognized by the State of Missouri as Company 
K, Seveiitv-seventh Enrolled ^Missouri Militia, and was paid by the 
State. A majority of its members were over the military age and 
w^ere mustered "only to secure for them the pay for services rendered." 

Hidniiaii Milh Companies. 

First Lieut. Jacob Axline's company: This company w^as organized 
December 25, 1863, at Hickman Alills, Mo., under authority granted 
by General Schotield to General Ewing, November D 8, 186^3, quoted 
above. It was accepted into service January 1, 1864, as a company 
of Enrolled Missouri Militia. A large percentage of the men were 
over the military age and were nmstered "only to secure for them 
the pay for services rendered,'"' It was relieved from duty March 
25, 1864. Although mustered ii\ as an Enrolled Militia company, it 
was not recognized by the State authorities as a militia organization 
and was not paid by the State, but was paid by the United States 
under special legislation of Congress, hereafter to be referred to." 

Capt. Da\id Tate's Company of Mounted Men: This company was 
organized April i), 1864, at Hickman Mills, Mo., ordered into active 
service on the same date, and was relieved from duty March 12, 1865. 
No specitic authority for its organization has l)een discovered. It 
was not recognized by the State authorities as a militia organization 
and was not paid by the State, but was paid by the United States 
under special legislation of Congress, hereafter to be referred to." 

In depen dence L 'ompan ies. 

Company A, Independence Home Guard, Enrolled Missouri Militia, 
commanded by Capt. Peter Hinter: This company was organized 
August 14, 1863, at Independence, Mo., was ordered into active service 
August IT, 1863, at the place of organization, l)y General Thomas 
Ewing, and was relieved from duty February 17, 1864, by the same 

" See p. 177. 



174 MISSOURI TROOPS UNIOX. 

officer. This company performed ouard and picket duty during the 
period of its ser\'ice and was paid by the State of Missouri as a militia 
organization. 

Company A, Independence Citizen Home Guards: This company 
was organized June 11, 18()-1:, at Independence, Mo., ordered into 
active service June 1-1, 18(31. and was relieved from duty December 1-1, 
1801. During the period of its service it performed guai'd and picket 
duty and some scouting during the period of ''Price's raid." It was 
conunanded by Capt. Peter H inter, but its personnel is different from 
that of the original company commanded by that officer. It was paid 
by the State of Missouri as Missouri militia. 

Company B, Citizen Home Guards, Missouri Militia, commanded 
b}' Capt. Francis Little: This company was organized August 17, 
1863, at Independence, Mo., was ordered into active service on the 
same date, and was relieved from duty February 17, 1864, by order of 
General Ewing. During the period of its service it performed guard 
and picket duty at Independence. Mo. It was paid by the State of 
Missouri as a militia organization. 

First Lieut. William N. O. Monroe's compan}' (also known as 
Wayne Cit}^ Independent Company): This company was accepted 
into service January 15, 1S61-, at Kansas City. Mo., under authority 
of Major-General Schotield, dated November 18. 1863, quoted above, 
as a company of Enrolled Missouri Militia. The records, however, 
show that it was ordered into active service December 23, 1863. and 
continued in active service until December 11, 1861. when it was 
relieved from duty. It was paid ])y the State of Missouri as a militia 
organization. 

lunwa-s City Station Guards. 

Company A (Independent), Kansas City Station Guards, commanded 
by Capt. Caleb A. Carpenter: This company was organized October 3. 
1863, at Kansas Cit3% Mo., under the provisions of General Orders, 
No. 3, headquarters Post of Kansas City, dated September 31, 1863, 
quoted above. It was ordered into active service on the date of its 
organization and was relieved from duty July 9, 1864. As will be seen 
from the text of the order the company was organized "for the 
defense of the station." It was not recognized by the State authori- 
ties as a militia organization and was not paid by the State, but 
was paid by the United States under special legislation of Congress, 
hereafter to be referred to." 

Company A, Kansas City Station Guards, commanded by Capt. 
Caleb A. Carpenter: This company was organized September 1, 1864. 
at Kansas City, Mo., ordered into active service on the same date and 
relieved from duty March 12, 1865. It was not recognized by the 
State authorities as a militia organization and was not paid by the 
State, but was paid by the Fnited Stat(>s under special legislation of 
Congress, hereafter to ])e referred to." 

Company B. Kansas City Station (hiards, Missouri State ]\Iilitia. 
commaiuled l)y Ca])t. James Hickman: This company was organized 
October 3, L863. at Kansas City. Mo.. l)y authority of General Ewing. 
and ai)parently under the provisions of General Orders, No. 3, head- 
([uarters Post of Kansas City, September 24, 1863, before referred to. 
It was ordered into active service on the date of its organization and • 
was relieved from duty »Iuly 9, 1864. It was not recognized ))y the 

•Seep. 177. 



CITIZEN GUARDS. l75 

State authorities at? a militia organization and was not paid by the 
State, but was paid by the United States under special legislation of 
Congress, hereafter to be referred to." 

Company B, Kansas City Station Guards, commanded by Capt. 
Rufus Montgall: This company was organized August 1>, 1864, at 
Kansas City. Mo., l)y authority of General Schotield. and was on active 
duty from the date of its organization to March 12. ISHo. It was not 
recognized by the State authorities as a militia organization and was 
not paid by tlie State, but wa> ])aid l)y the United States under si)ecial 
legislation of Congress, hereafter to be referred to.'' 

Company C, Kansas City Station Guards, connnanded by Capt. Jesse 
P. Alexander: This company was organized October 10, 1863, pursuant 
to General Orders, No. 8, headquarters Post of Kansas City, Septem- 
ber 24, 1863, before referred to, was ordered into active service on 
the date of its organization, and was relieved from duty July y, 1864. 
It was again ordered into active service Septeml)er 1, 1864, and con- 
tinued on active duty luitil March 12, 1865, when it was relieved. It 
was not recognized by the State authorities as a militia organization 
and was not paid by the State, but was paid by the l^nitt^l States 
under special legislation of Congress, hereafter to Ite referred to." 

Company D, Kansas City Station Guards, commanded l)v First 
Lieut. William J. Gault: This company w^as organized Octo))er 3, 
1863, at Kansas Cit}', Mo., '"'■ under a general order from Maj. Gen. 
John M. Schotield, United States Volunteers''' (evidently under the 
provisions of General Orders. No. 3, headquarters Post of Kansas 
City. September 24, 1863, liefore referred to), was ordered into active 
service on the date of its organization and was relieved from duty 
July 9, 1864. It was not recognized by the State authorities as a 
militia organization and was not paid by the State, but was paid by 
the United States under special legislation of Congress, hereafter to 
be referred to.'' 

Company D, Kansas City Station Guards, commanded by Capt. B. F. 
Newgent: This company (or ''detachment," as it is designated in 
the pay roll) was organized ]March 10, 1864, at Kansas City, Mo., 
ordered into active service on the same date, and relieved from duty 
March 12, 1865. No specific authority for its organization has been 
discovered, l)ut it was evidently formed under the general authority 
given to General Ewing to organize companies of citizen guards for 
local service. It was not recognized by the State authorities as a 
militia organization and was not paid b}' the State, but was paid by 
the United States under special legislation of Congress, hereafter to 
l)e referred to." 

Comi)any D, Kansas City Station (Guards, connnanded })y Capt. B. L. 
Kiggins: This company was organized (or reorganized, as stated in the 
roll) June 12, 1864, at Kansas City, jNIo., was ordered into active serv- 
ice June 13, 1864, and was relieved from duty Noveml)er 15, 1864. 
During the period of its service it performed guaid duty at Kansas 
City and was employed in "'digging trenches and throwing u]) breast- 
woi-ks ])reparing against an antici])ated attack by Price's army." It 
was not recognized ])y the State authorities as a militia organization 
and was not paid by the State, but was paid by the United States 
under special legislation of Congress, hereafter to be referred to." 

Company E, Kansas City Station Guards, commanded by Capt Wil- 
liam O. Shouse: Tliis company was organized June 13, 1864, at Kan- 

"See p. 177. 



17() MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

sa.s City, Mo., was ordered into active service on the same date, and 
was relieved from duty November If), ISO-i. No specific authority for 
its organization lias l)een discovered, but it was evidently formed 
under the g-eneral authority g-iven to (xeneral Ewing to organize com- 
panies of citizen guards for local service. It was ''on constant duty 
during Price's raid protecting comniissarj^ stores, etc." It was not 
recognized by the State authorities as a militia organization and was 
not paid by the State, but was paid by the United States under special 
legislation of Congress, hereafter to l>e referred to. ' 

Company E, Militia, of the Kansas City Guards, commanded by 
Capt. Peter Causey: This company was organized June 1.3, 1804, at 
Kansas City, Mo., ''in pursuance of general orders, dated head- 
quarters Fourth Subdistrict, District of Central Missouri, Kansas 
City, Mo., June 12, 1864."" No original record of this order has been 
discovered, but the quotation on the roll reads as follows: 

Those fitizenh! who have not already enrolled themselves in either the Enrolled 
Missouri INIilitia, Caj)tain Carpenter's or Captain Hickman's company, will immedi- 
ately proceed to organize themselves into companies of 100, electing their own otfi- 
cers, and report to these headquarters in twenty-four hours. 

This company was "on constant duty as picket and station guard 
from 13th day of June, 1864, to loth day of November, 1S64. and 
during the time of Price's raid in the month of October, 1864, the 
entire company was constantly engaged on fortihcations." It was 
relieved from duty November 15, 1864. It was not recognized by the 
State authoritie.-. as a militia organization and was not paid by the 
State, but was paid by the United States under special legislation of 
Congress, hereafter to be referred to." 

Ph<(xant lf!U Vomixuiy. 

Pleasant Hill Company, commanded by Capt. Andrew Allen: This 
company was accepted into service December 25, 1863, at Pleasant 
Hill, Mo., under authority of General Schotield. dated November 18, 

1863, quoted above, as a company of Enrolled Missouri ^Militia. The 
records, however, show that it was ordered into active service Sep- 
temV)er 18, 1863, and continued in active service until Noveml)er 18, 

1864, when it was relieved from duty. It was recognized l)y the State 
of Missouri as Company I, Seventy-seventh Enrolled ^lissouri Militia, 
and was paid by the State. A large percentage of its mem])ers were 
over the military age, and were mustered " onh' to secure for them the 
pay for services rendered." 

'Westj'off PoJ'ici (iiiard. 

Capt. A>'illiam A. Pe vis's company: This company was organized 
October U, L863, at Westport, Mo.; was ordered into active sei'vice on 
the same date, and was relieved from duty ,]u\\ 0, 1864. It was again 
ordered into active service September 1, 1864, and relieved from duty 
]March 12, 1865. No specific authority for the organization of this 
company has been discovei'ed. but it was evidiMitly organized under 
General Ewing's (ienei'al Orders, No. 12, which has not been found 
of record. It was not recognized by th(> State authorities as a militia 
organization and wjis not paid by the State. ])ut was paid by the 
United States under spin-ial l(>gislation of Congress, hereafter to ))e 
referred to." 

"Seep. 177. 



CITIZEN GUARDS. 177 

The muster-in rolls of five of the companies whose histories are 
given above, viz. those commanded by Capts. Alexander Robinson, 
Elias P. West, and Andrew Allen, and Lieiits. Jacob Axlino and Wil- 
liam N. O. Monroe, indicate that it was the intention of the mustering 
officer, who was a United States mustering officer, to muster the com- 
panies, which were designated as Enrolled Missouri Militia, into the 
service of the United States. It w^ill ])e observed, however, that the 
authoritv given bv Major-Cieneral Scholield (November 18, 1863) for 
their organization contemplated their recognition as "militia in active 
service," and that it w'as General Schotiekrs intention to so recognize 
them is shown l)y a certiticate given by him in 1870, when the question 
of the payment of some of the companies organized by General Ewing 
was pending in Congress. This certificate reads as follows: 

Fort Leavkxworth, Kans., May 38, 1870. 

I hereby certify that the organization known as the "Kansas City Station Guards," 
called into service in the year 1863 ))y General Thomas Ewing, jr. , under authority given 
him by me, and all other companies of Missouri militia called into service at the 
same time and under the same authority, were intended to l)e placed upon the same 
footing as to pay and allowances as other militia in active service. 

The authority was given l)y me not only as major-general. United States Army, 
commanding the Department of the Missouri, but as major-general of the State of 
Missouri, conunanding, by the governor's authority, all the militia of the State, 
with full power to call into active service such portion of the militia as I might think 
expedient. 

Authority had been given by the National Government to arm, clothe, and feed 
such troops; but no provision of law had yet been made for their payment. Hence 
I>ay was not promised them at the time of their organization. The same was true 
of the enrolled militia generally. The organization above named has, in my opinion, 
the same title to pay, and from the same source, as other enrolled militia when in 
active service. 

J. M. ScHOFiELD, Major-General. 

[E 11"6, V. S., 1869.] 

Consistently with the record and the views expressed by General 
Schofield in the foregoing certiticate, it was decided by the Assistant 
Secretarv of War, in 18'.^5, that the companies designated above by 
the names of their commanding officers were not in the military serv- 
ice of the United States, the action of the mustering officer evident!}" 
having been *'a mistake on his part," and certainly, if intended to 
nnister the companies into the United States service, was without 
authority, and therefore void. (R. & P., 386101.) It is now seen 
that all of these companies, with the single exception of the company 
commanded ])y Lieutenant Axline, were recognized and paid b}" the 
State as Enrolled Missouri Militia. 

By an act of Congress approved April 12, 1871, the " Westport 
Police Guards,'' "Hickman Mills Company,'' and the "Kansas Cit}' 
Station Guards," were placed on the same footing as to pay and allow- 
ances as volunteers in the service of the United States. This act of 
Congress is in terms as follows: 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Bepresentatives of the United States of America 
in Congress assembled, That the military organizations known as the " Westport Police 
Guards," "Hickman Mills Company," and companies A, B, C, D, and V., of the 
"Kansas City Station Guards," having been called into the service of the United 
States, in the year eighteen hundred and sixty-three, in the District of the Border, 
Department of the ^Missouri, under authority derived from I\Iaj. Gen. John M. Scho- 
field, United States Army, be, and they are hereby, placed on the same footing as 
to pay and allowances as volunteers in the service of the United States. 

Sec. 2. That it shall be the duty of the projjcr accounting officers of the Treasury 
Department to adjust the accounts of all members of the above-described organiza- 

S. Doc. 412 12 



178 MISSOURI TKOOPS UNION. 

tions, and, on jtre^entation of j)ro])erly authenticateil rolls, showing the names of all 
ofhcers and men Ijelonjjring to such organizations and the term of service of each, and 
of such other evidence as may be recjuired to fully prove such service, the said 
accounting officers shall pay the accounts out of any money in the Treasury not 
otherwise appropriated: I'rorided, hotvecer, That this act shall not be so construed as 
to entitle the members of said military organizations to bounty or pensions under 
any law of the United States. 

Ajjproved, April 12, 1871. 

[17 Stat. L., p. 641.] 

It will be observed that this act specifically provides that it shall not 
be so construed as to entitle the members of the organizations referred 
to to bounty or pension. 

As regards the companies for whose relief the legislation of April^ 
1871, was enacted, a former adjutant-general of the State said in an 
affidavit dated January 3, 1870: 

State of INIissouri, County of St. Louis: 

John B. Gray, of St. J.,ouis, Mo., who, being duly sworn according to law, deposes 
and says: That he was State adjutant-general of the State of Missouri during the 
years of 1863, 1864, and part of the year 1865. That the companies of troops called 
the " Kansas City Station Guards" and "Hickman Mills Company," and the "West- 
port Police Guards," organized by General Thos. Ewing, Jr., United States Army, in 
October, 1863, were not formed under authority of the State of Missouri, and made 
no returns to the headquarters of the State of Missouri. That the organizations 
aforesaid were created and supported by the United States and were not subject ta 
orders of State officers. Deponent further states that in the reimbursement made 
by the United States to the State of Missouri by the operations of the act of Congress 
of April 17, 1866, for moneys expended by the State of Missouri in support of her 
militia during the war, the payment for the services rendered by the companies 
aforesaid was not included, said companies never having been paid anything by the 
State of Missouri, for the reason that they were not considered as State troops, as 
heretofore stated; and deponent further states that he acted as agent for the State of 
INIissouri in the matter of her reimbursement, presenting all of the claims to the com- 
mission appointed under the act aforesaid, as well as to the United States Treasury, 
and that he is personally knowing to the facts stated, and further deponent says not. 

John B. Gray. 

Sworn and subscribed to before me this 3d day of January, A. D. 1870, at St. 
Louis, Mo. 

G. D. O. Kellman, 
Notary Public, St. Louis County, Mo. 
[E 116, V. S., 1869.] 

It will be seen from the foregoing that the companies of Citizen 
Guards formed in the District of the Border were organized for then- 
own protection, or for purel}^ local service, and that they were either 
recognized and paid l)y the State as Enrolled Missouri Militia, or have 
been yjaid by the United States, under special legislation authorizing 
it, for the time they were in active service, Thc}^ were not in the 
military service of the United States, either as volunteers or as State 
militia. 

As shown in this paper there were twenty companies of Citizen 
Guards organized in the District of the Border. These are all of which 
a record has been discovered. 

DISTRICT OF SOUTHWEST MISSOURI. 

Under date of September 18, 18()3, an order was issued by Brig. 
Gen. John McNeil, United States Volunteers, commanding the District 
of Southwest Missouri, in which he authorized the loyal citizens of 



CITIZEN GUAKDS. 17i^> 

the district lo associate themselves together for the defense of their 
homes and families ''against the lawless invasion of guerrillas, or the 
depredations of bushwhackers and horse thieves." Following is a copy 
of the order: 

General Orders, 1 Headquarters District of Soi-tiiwest INIissouri, 

No. 34. / SpringJieJd, Mo., Sejitcmber IS, 1863. 

I. All loyal citizens of this district ai)plying to these hea(l(]iiarters to carry arms in 
their owndefense, or to associate with their loyal neighbors for the defense of their 
homes and their families against the lawless invasion of guerrillas, or the depreda- 
tions of bushwhackers and horse thieves, can have a i)ermit for that purpose on the 
certiticate of any proi)erly appointed i)rovost-inarshal nearest their place of abode 
certifving to their loyalty. 

II. "These certificates of loyalty will only be issued to those who have been actively 
loyal during all the time of this rebellion; and to be loyal at these headquarters 
means to have been an active and sympathetic supporter of the (Tovernment of the 
United States in all its measures to suppress this rebellion. The citizen who has 
chosen the position of neutrality, and who claims or has claimed to have "done 
nothing on nary side," is not loyal and will not be trusted with arms. 

III. When the inhabitants of neighborhoods associate under this order they will 
select from their fellows a responsilile citizen as captain, and such other officers as 
may be necessary for a proper organization. A. roster of the ofhcers and a roll of the 
meinbers will be furnished to the district provost-marshal at Springfield, Mo., imme- 
diately after their associating forthe purpose indicated. 

IV." These associations being expressly authorized for the defense and protection 
of persons and neighborhoods from lawless violence in the absence of legally author- 
ized force, it is distinctly announced that they will not be allowed to set on footany 
military expedition or enterprise, or to make prize of war for their own profit or 
advantage. If assailed they must repel, pursue, and, if possible, destroy the assailing 
foe. If justly apprehensive of assault they can anticipate such assault ])y attack, and 
do all such acts as would be justified in times of peace in protecting themselves 
against lawless depredators. All such expeditions and their results will be reported 
to these headquarters, and all property seized wall be turned over to the district 
provost-marshal . 

V. Violation of the above orders will subject the parties found guilty to be treated 
as bushwhackers, and it is to be distinctly understood that in issuing this order the 
district commander has alone in view the protection of the loyal and peaceful citi- 
zens, and will, with all the power in his control, punish and repress lawless violence 
and brigandism. 

By order of Brig. Gen. John McNeil: 

[C. G. Laurant,] 
Assistant Adjutant- (lencral. 

[Book No. 607, Department of the Missouri, p. 38.] 

Under authority of this order a company or detachment commanded 
oy Capt. T, J. Stemons, consisting of three officers and fourteen men, 
was organized Fel^ruary 27, l^fi-i, in eJasper County. It is evident from 
the order that the detachment was organized solely for home defense. 
It was not recognized or paid ])y the State of Missouri as a militia 
organization, nor was it accepted into the service of the United States. 
No record has l)eeji found that it rendered any service, either to the 
State or the United States. 

It is possible that other organizations were formed under the pro- 
visions of General Orders, No. 3-i, but no record of any such addi- 
tional organizations has been discovered. 

DISTRICT OF CENTRAL MISSOURI. 

un March 10, 18G4, Brig. Gen. E. B. Brown, United States Volun- 
leers, commanding the District of Central Missouri, authorized the 
organization of the loyal citizens of his district into companies " to 



180 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

assist ill the ostal)lishniont of law and order" and ""for local defense 
and police." This was done in an order of which the foUowino- is a 
cop3^ : 

ctENEral OnnERs, "I Headquarters District ok Central Missoiri, 

No. 12. i Warremhimj, Mo., March 10, 1864. 

The protection of the citizens of the country from the acts of bad men demands 
tiiat every person should he recpiired to assist in the reestal)]ishnient of law and 
order, and that this may l)e the more effectually done, all male citizens capable of 
handlinjj a gun who are known to l)e relialile, honest men, and who will supjiort and 
defend the Govermuent of the United States, will l)e orjifanized into companies for 
local defense and police. Commandin<r officers of the Second and Third Sul)districts 
will detail competent officers with sutticient force, to whom will be assijined the 
duty of enroliinu; the citizens, and who will be stationed at central points in the 
vicinity of which there are a sufficient number of inhabitants to form companies. 

As soon as the lists of names, with those of the officers selected, are made they will 
ue forwarded to these headquarters, and the requisite arms and annnunition will be 
furnished. When the companies are organized and armed, one-tenth of the whole 
number will be detailed by the commanding officers for patrol and guard duty. This 
duty will be confined to the precincts within which the companies are organized, 
and the details may be changed every three days, so that the whole company will 
be on <luty once in a month's time. 

The detail will be increased when, in the opinion of the company commander, 
the pul>lic good demands it. In case of danger the alarm will be given and every 
man will be put under arms. Commanding officers of companies will give timely 
notice of the number of the detail for patrol duty, so that the necessary arrangements 
can be made to promptly comply with them, and do as little injury to private inter- 
ests as possible. The officers will Ijc elected in the same manner as is required by 
law for the organization of the Enrolled ^Missouri State iSIilitia. Maj. M. Chapman, 
acting assistant adjutant-general Fifth Military District, will have special charge of 
the arming of this irregular force in La Fayette, Johnson, and Saline counties. As 
soon as the enrollment and organization of the Enrolled ^Missouri Militia is perfected, 
the companies on duty in obedience to this order will be relieved by companies of 
Enrolled ^Missouri Militia. 

By order of Brigadier-General Brown: 

J. II. Steger, 
Ai<xist(tnl Adjutant-General. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XXXIV, 
Part II, p. 568.] 

With reo'ard to the necessity for this oro-anization. General Brown 
wrote to department headquarters, March 18, 1864, as follows: 

HEAD(iUARTEI?S DISTRICT OK CENTRAL MISSOURI, 

Warrembitrff, Mo., March IS, 1864. 
Maj. O. D. GreeiNe, 

Assistant Adjiitaut-Geiu'ral, St. Louis, Mo. 
Ma.ior: I have the honor to transnut, for the information of the major-general 
commanding, (ieneral Orders, No. 12, from these hea<l(iuarters, requiring the citizens 
to organize companies for local police <luty. The few guerrillas and bandits in the 
country are in jxirfies of from two to lifteen; though active scouts on foot in the brush 
and mounted in the more open coimtry have killed several of them in the past twenty 
days, and will eventually clear the country of them, yet it fails to inspire confidence 
and self-reliance in the people, and it is deemed best to form tliese organizations 
immediately. The enrollment of the Enrolled Missouri Militia would l)e sutlicient 
in the ])0])nlous districts if it was or could be completed soon enough to meet the 
present emergency, l)ut this would fail to afford the necessary protection in the more 
sinirsely settled districts, as the majoiity of al)le-l)odied citizens who are liable to 
military duty have entered one of the armies, while the exempts, with those who 
would i)ay, not fight, would leave few or none for military service. These reasons 
will e.xitlain why I have thought it was necessary to make a general organization of 
the citizens of the district before the militia enrollment was completed. There is 
this objection to a volunteer organization: The people fear the vengeance of the 
bushwhackers, and say they would bi- ex])osed to being made victims if they join in 
an attempt to drive tiiem out: and in many localities no combined action could be 



CITIZEN GUARDS. 181 

ha<l unless it is compelled by military orders. So far as I can learn the order meets 
with general approval with the people, and in some cases similar organizations have 
been concurred in by the general commanding. 
I am, very trnlv, vour obedient servant, 

E. B. Brown, 
Brigadier-General of VohniteerH, Commanding. 
[Ibid., p. 589.] 

On March 30, 1864, General Brown issued a .supplenientarv order in 
which, among other things, he announced that the organizations of 
citizens authorized by General Orders, No. 12, would be kno^yn as . 
Citizen Guards, and that as they were intended simply as a "citizeri 
patrol, for the protection of themselves and their homes,]' no claim 
against the Government could arise on account of their services. Fol- 
lowing is a copy of this supplementary order: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters District of Central Mkssouri, 

No. 19. ( Warremburg, Mo., March SO, 1864. 

I. The organization of citizens, as directed in General Orders, No. 12, current 
series, from these headquarters, will l)e known as Citizen Guards. 

II. Immediately upon the organization of a company and the election of officers, 
the commander thereof will report by letter to the commanding officer of the sub- 
district in which the company is organized, in order that the organization and elec- 
tion of officers may be confirmed. 

III. The reports will state the number and kind of arms then in the possession 
of the company, and will be accompanied by requisitions for sufficient arms and 
ammunition to supplv those who require them. 

IV. All members o"f the Citizen Chiards will be furnished by the district provost- 
marslial, on the approval of the subdistrict commander, with permits allowing them 
to keep at their residence the requisite arms and ammunition. 

V. As the organization is intended simj^ly as a citizen patrol, for the protection of 
themselves and their homes, no claim against the Government can arise from services 
thus rendered. 

VI. It is earnestly enjoined upon all officers charged with the organization of this 
force to admit of no person of doubtful loyalty or honesty becoming a member 
tfiereof. 

By order of Brigadier-General Brown: 

J. II. STECiER, 

Assistant Adjntanf-Cuneral. 
[Ibid., p. 788. J 

On the date of this order General Brown addressed the governor of 
the State, emphasizing the fact that the Citizen Guards were to serve 
without pay, and re([uesting that he be permitted to arm some of them 
"• from the anus of the State." His letter was as follows: 

Headquarters District of Central Missouri, 

Warrensbury, Mo., Ma reft 30, 1864- 
His Excellency Willard P. Hall, 

fiori'rnor of Missouri, St. Loui~'<, Mo. 
Governor: I have the honor to inclose to you an order directing the citizens to 
organize Citizen Guards for local poUce. The (Uity will be performed without_ pay. 
The order gives general satisfaction to honest men: the rogues do not like it. I 
respectfully ask that I may be permitted to arm some of the citizens who have none 
from the aVms of the State. The captains or leaders of the several companies will 
make requisitions and receipts for them. The men who are elected and who will be 
recognized as captains will be good, responsible jjarties. None other will be received 
into service. This part of the State is very quiet. 

More ground will be tilled this season than has been done since the war began. 
I am, very truly, your obedient servant, 

E. B. Brown, 
Briqadier- General of Volunteers, Comnmnding. 
[Ibid., p. 787.] ' " . 

No reply to this lettei* has lieen discovered. 



182 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

With regard to the object of the organization, General Brown wrote, 
March 31, 1804: 

Heaimuakticks Distkkt ok Central Mi.ssouki, 

Wftrreushurg, Mo., March 31, 1864. 
W. H. Leggett, Es<|., 

Clerk of Hickory Countii, Ilertnitcu/c, Mo. 
Major: Your comniunication to the major-general coimnandinir has l)een referred 
to me. You have mistaken the object of the order. It Ih to do just what you say 
your people are now doing — a Citizen Guard organized for the purpose of protecting 
each other against bushwhackers, robbers, etc., while they till their lands. None 
will be in active service, unless they find it necessary for their own safety. They are 
an organized armed posse to assist in enforcing civil law, and intended for a tem- 
porary pnr]iose, the same as you have now, l>ut organized, and for that reason more 
effective. Every honest man who understands the object of the l)anding of the citi- 
zens together under this order most heartily approves it. Those who clamor against 
it have some ulterior object in most cases. It is just what you want to protect you 
from the house Iwrners, etc., that you refer to. I hope, my old friend, to hear that 
you are made the leader of a Citizen Guard, and that with the troops' assistance you 
will fully protect yourselves without any apprehension of danger, and without pre- 
venting any citizens in Hickory County from raising their "craps" or attending to 
their ordinary business. 

I am, very truly, your obedient servant, E. B. Brown, 

Brigadicr-Goicral of Volunteers. 
[Ibid., p. SOL] 

In order that the citizens of the District of Central Missouri might 
distinctly understand their position in "assisting to maintain peace and 
in securing protection to life and property." the following order was 
issued ])y Major-General Pleasonton, then commanding the district: 

General Orders, "I Headquarteks District of Central Missouri, 

No. 42. / Warrcnshurg, Mo., Juhj 29, 1864. 

The disturbed state of affairs in this district requires that the citizens should dis- 
tinctly understand their position in assisting to maintain peace and in securing pro- 
tection to life and i>roperty. Two classes of citizens only will hereafter l)e recognized 
at these headijuarters, viz, the loj'al and the disloyal. All persons wiiose services 
are required in their respective districts for the Citizen (Tuard or other military organ- 
izations, and who refuse to serve, or who endeavor to excite insubordination and 
discontent in those communities, will l)e considered disloyal. They will be arrested 
by the conunanding officers concerned and sent under proper guard to these head- 
quarters, to be transferred out of the country or (otherwise disposed of as may be 
decided on. Aliens as well as others are expected to show a willingne.ss to di'fend 
their own pro])erty, and will be required to do so by joining some of the military 
organizations for that jnujiose or they will be obliged to leave this district. 

By order of ^hijor-Cieneral Pleasonton: 

J. H. Steger, 
^l.w/.s7r/H/ Adiulant-Clritenil. 

[Ibid., Series 1, Vol. XLI, Part II, p. 456.] 

On October l>, 1804, a general order was issued by Major-General 
Rosocrans, then in connnand of the Department of the Missoui'i, and 
also in command of the militia of tlie State, in which it was announced 
that "all citizen organizations for local (h^fense'' would be "legalized 
])oth for State and Tnited States service" by IxMng denominated "" Pro- 
visional Knrollcd Militia/' TudcM' the i)ro\isions of that order the 
Citizen ( iuard organizations of th(^ District of Central Missouri were 
discontiiuuMl, with a view to the reorganization of their members into 
companies of Provisional Enrolled Militia. This was done in an order 
from head(|uai'ters of the district, dated Jamiary 12, 1805, of which 
the followino- is an extract: 



CITIZEN GUARDS. 183 

General Orders, \ Headquarters District of Central Missouri, 

No. 2. i Warrensburg, Mo., January 12, 1865. 

-X- * * * * * * 

III. The organization in this district known as Citizen Guards is hereby discon- 
tinued, and the nieml)ers thereof will be organized in conforinity to the foregoing 
orders [G. O., No. 192, headquarters Department of the Missouri, dated October 9, 
1864]. Commanding otiicers of the Citizen Guard organizations will turn over the 
public arms in their possession to the nearest post commander, who will transfer 
them to the district ordnance depot at Jefferson City, Mo. 

ii- ***** * 

By order of Col. John F. Philips, commanding: 

A. R. CONKLIN, 

Acfhig Asiiistant Adjutant-General. 
[Ibid., Series I, Vol. XLVIII, Part I, p. 500.] 

It will be seen from the foregoing that the Citizen Guards of the 
District of Central Missouri, organized under the provisions of Gen- 
eral Orders, No. 12, of March 10, 1864, were formed solely for home 
protection, and were expected to serve without pay. The}" were not 
recognized by the State of Missouri as militia of the State and were 
not accepted into the military service of the United States. No record 
has been found of any military service rendered by them, either to the 
State or the United States. 

It is shown by the records that sixtj^-iive companies of these Citizen 
Guards were organized, the designations of v/hich, by the names of 
their respective (-ommanders, will appear in an accompanying schedule. 

It is also shown bv the records that one company of Citizen Guards 
(commanded bv Capt. E. S. Hoge) was organized at California, Mo., 
under authority of General Orders, No, 107, of June 2S, 1864, head- 
cjuarters Department of the Missouri, and General Orders, No. 42, of 
July 29, 1864, headquarters District of Central Missouri. The hrst- 
mentioned order provided for the formation of companies of Provi- 
sional Enrolled Militia; the second order, quoted above, did not 
authorize the formation of companies of any class. The company was 
not recognized by the State as a militia organization and evidently 
should be classed among the organizations formed under General 
Orders, No. 12, District of Central Missouri, providing for the enroll- 
ment of the Citizen Guards, and it has been so classed in the schedule 
and in the above enumeration.'' 

DISTRICT OF NORTH MISSOURI. 

On July 20, 1S«;4, Bi'ig. Gen. Clinton B. Fisk, United States Vol- 
unteers, connnanding the District of North Missouri, issued an appeal 
to the loyal men of the district "to rally for the protection of life and 
property, and the extermination of the Confederate guerrillas'" then 
infesting northwest Missouri (Official Records of the Union and Con- 
federate Armies, Series I, Vol. XLI, Fart II, p. 2!»4). In response to 
this call the ''citizen soldiery " turned out '"'' by the thousands'" (Ibid. , p. 
392), but as the companies formed under this call were, with one excep- 
tion, classed as Enrolled Missouri Militia, and that one company was 
disbanded for disobedience of orders (Il)id., p. 542), a further history 

"For information relative to other companies of Citizen Guards organized in the 
District of Central Missouri, see "Organizations under General Orders, No. 176, 
Department of the Missouri, 1864," p. 187. 



184 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

of the matter need not here be given. No rolls or other service records 
of the dislianded company have been discovered. 

On September 28, 1864. during- the invasion of the State In- General 
Price, General Fisk ordered the formation of a Citizen Guard for the 
defense of the city of Glasgow. Followino- i.s a copy of the order: 

Special Field Orders, \ Headquarters United States Forces, 

No. 6. ) Glasgow, ^fo., September ^8, 1864. 

I. An immediate enrollment of every white male person, between the ages of 15 
and 50 years, residing in Howard or Chariton County, within one mile of the city hall 
in Glasgow, is hereby ordered. 

Col. Clark H. Greene and ]M. English are appointed commissioners of enrollment 
and are authorized to appoint deputies and clerks in order to secure a speedy com- 
pletion of the rolls. 

All persons thus enrolled will be organized into a Citizen Guard under the direction 
of Maj. Jas. W. Lewis for the defense of Glasgow. 

All orders issued by IMajor Lewis will be respected and obeyed as if promulgated 
by the district or post commandant. 

By order of Brig. Gen. Clinton B. Fisk: 

ThOS. J. TiDSWELL, Jr., 

Lieutenant and Actlny Assistant Adjutant- General. 
[Book No. 661, Department of the Missouri, p. 7.] 

No record has been found of the organization or service of any com- 
pany of citizens under this order. It is probable that if such a com- 
pany was formed it was classified as Enrolled Missouri Militia and 
paid by the State. 

DISTRICT OF ROLLA. 

Under date of January 23, 1865, Brig. Gen. E. B. Brown, United 
States Volunteers, commanding the District of Rolla. issued a general 
Older directing- the organization of companies of Citizen Guards for 
the purpose of defending themselves and their property "from thieves, 
robbers, marauding bands, guerrillas, and rebels, and to more ett'ectu- 
all}^ assist the civil officers and courts in the discharge of their duties.'^ 
Following is the text of the order: 

(tENeral Orders, \ Headquarters District of Rolla, 

No. ,3. i Rolla, Mo., January 23, 1865. 

In order that the citizens of this district may be enabled to cooperate in carrying 
out the policy of the major-general commanding ths Dejiartment of the Missouri, as 
has been indicated in (ieneral Orders, No. 7, current series, from his headquarters, 
and thus defend themselves and their property from thieves, robbers, marauding 
bands, guerrillas, and reliels, and to more effectually assist the civil officers and 
courts in the discharge of their duties, and by these means restore peace andcjuietto 
the country, it is hereby ordered that all persons capat>le of handling a gun, and who 
can be trusted with one, do form themselves into companies of Citizen Cniards, com- 
posed of such numl)ers as may be most convenient for the protection of their imme- 
diate neighborhoods. The basis of the organization of the companies as al)ove 
directed must l)e unconditional loyalty to the Government of the United States and 
to that of the State of Missouri; a willingness to give an active cooperation to the 
civil and military authorities in their efforts for the restoration of the civil law in the 
land and safety to the ])erson and projterty of its inhabitants, and to assist in a war of 
extermination, by lawful means, of all guerrillas, bushwhackers, robbers, thieves, and 
rel)els, c>r other disturbers of the peace and ([uiet of the country. Without further 
action from these headquarters, tlie people will immediately form themselves into 
companies in the manner prescribed for the organization of the militia under the laws 
of the State, nominate their officers, who will make out muster rolls and forward 
them for the approval of tlie general commanding the district, through the conunand- 
ing officer of the nearest military post or station, \\ho will irrtify to the loyalty and 
integrity of the officers, and, as far as practicable, of tlie memliers of such companies. 
If the organizations are approved special orders will be made i-onlirming them. Com- 
pany commanders will forward in the same manner an application for permits for 



CITIZEN GUARDS. 185 

each member to keep or purcha:«e arms and ammunition. Xo resident citizen in this 
district will be allowed these privileges unless he is a member of a company of Citizen 
Guards organized under this order by the 1st day of March next. All connnanding 
officers of posts or stations in this district will assist the people, as far as practicable, 
in this enrollment and organization, and report all failures after reasonable time to 
comply with this order. While the C^itizen Guards organized under this order will 
not be considered a regular military force, entitled to i^ay or other renmneration for 
their services, yet they are so far hereby legalized as to make them subject to the 
same laws, rules, and regnlations, and are entitled to tlie same imnuinities as are 
applicable for the police of the troops in the United -States, and officers are expected 
to enforce obedience to their orders. Any person who fails to enroll after receiving 
proper notice to do so, or, after enrolling, fails to assist in the conmion defense when 
ordered, will l)e reported to these headquarters, and after an examination and proof 
of his neglect of duty he will be sent out of the district. It is not expected that the 
Citizen Guards will be on active constant duty, yet as many as may be deemed neces- 
sary are expected to patrol the country, and thus be able to learn of the movement^ 
of bad men and give the alarm if there is danger. As a general rule, one-tenth of the 
company should be constantly scouting, and give three continuous days each month 
to this duty, so that, either in person or by substitute, each person will give one-tenth 
of his time for the common good and have nine-tenths for himself, being in turn 
guarded by his neighbor, but all to turn out in case of an emergency. The Citizen 
Guards will thus become an organized armed posse comitatus, and can he made a 
powerful auxiliary to the civil courts in the country, and at the same time relieve the 
army of a large amount of labor that legitimately belongs to the people to perform in 
guarding their own firesides. Regular rations of subsistence will be issued to each 
Citizen Guard while on active duty, to be drawn monthly by the company command- 
ers on the usual provision return. Ammunition in small quantities will be issued by 
the ordnance officer, on the proper requisitions. The being a member of a Citizen 
Guard Company will not exempt any person liable to do military duty in the militia 
or volunteer service, nor will exemption from duty in the regular military service by 
reason of age, physical disability, alienage, or other causes exempt any person from 
duty as a Citizen (niard. All authority heretofore granted from these headquarters 
to any citizen of this district to keep arms or ammunition for their own use, who is 
not now or does not become a member of a Citizen Guard Company by the 1st day of 
March next, will be revoked, and the arms taken for the use of the guards. All 
arms, horses, or other property captured from guerrillas or other lawbreakers by the 
Citizen Guards will be reported to district headquarters, and an order will be made 
giving the company making the capture the right to use the property until it is 
required by the Government. (Jreat care nuist be observed in the organization of 
the Citizen Guard companies and the selection of the officers, else they may become, in. 
the hands of bad men, engines of oppression and a terror rather than a blessing to the 
people. Persons guilty of any irregularities will Ije severely punished. While it 
may be necessary in some cases to subsist on the country, it should not be done with- 
out providing compensation to the parties from wliom it has been taken. 
By order of Brig. Gen. E. B. Brown: 

W. D. HlBBARD, 

first Lieutenant and Acting Assistant Adjutanl- General. 

[Official Recordsof the Unionand Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XLVIII, Partly 
p. 622.] 

The General Orders, No. T, from headquarters Department of the 
Missouri, cited in the order quoted above, reads as follows: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Department of the jMissoiri, 

No. 7. j Si. Louis, Mo., January 8, 1865. 

It being the intention of the general commanding to employ every means in his 
power for the purpose of ridding the department of bushwhackers, guerrilla bands, 
and rebel emissaries, and of restoring and maintaining law and order, he deems 
it proper to make known, in orders, to the citizens of Missouri, their duty in the 
premises, and the requirements that will be exacted from them. 

The experience of the past three years has clearly demonstrated the fact that the 
bushwhackers and guerrilla bands operating in this State congregate, dwell, and obtain 
their sujtport in disloyal counties aod neighborhoods, where they are encouraged 
and protected, and the efforts of the military forces to hunt them down are often 
rendered unsuccessful by reason of the deceptive and noncommittal course of the 
resident disloyal citizens. 

The general commanding desires all such citizens to distinctly understand that he 



180 MISSOUEI TKOOPS FNION. 

intends, to the extent of liis ability and jwwer, to hold them to a strict accountability 
for their every act of direct or indirect hostility to tlie Government, or that tends in 
any manner to aid these outlaws. 

Henceforth, in order to merit and receive its aid and protection, citizens must, bj' 
their actions, show to tlie Goverinnent tliat they not only have no sympathy what- 
ever with bushwhackers antl guerrilla bands, but that tliey are most earnestly opposed 
to them, and they must, at the same time, give these outlaws to know that they 
can not dwell in their midst and roam over entire counties, and abide in their 
neighborhood unmolested and not reported. 

Hereafter it will be required of citizens, in all cases, to report the passing by, the 
congregating or camping, near or upon them, the feeding, whether through fear or 
force, or otherwise, of bushwhackers, guerrillas, and any other knowledge they may 
have relative to the whereal)outs, doings, etc., of. these outlaws. This report must 
be promptly made to the nearest military authorities. 

All citizens failing to report as above required will have their property seized and 
themselves and families sent beyond the limits of this deiiartment; and those who 
are found to have given direct and voluntary aid to bushwhackers and guerrillas 
or rebels, will 1)e arrested and banished, or tried by military courts for violation of 
the laws of war. 

Any person making any agreement with bushwhackers and guerrillas, or pre- 
tended rebel bands, for his own personal security or that of his family or projierty, 
and who does not immediately report to the Federal authorities the fact of such 
agreement, showing that it was made through force, need not expect any mercy at 
the hands of the Government. 

The disloyal residents of each county will be held to a strict accountability for 
any injury inflicted upon loyal people thereof by bushwhackers and rebel marauders. 

It is time that jieople who have been allowed to live peaceably, enjoy protection, 
anil grow rich imder our Government, while they have given aid and comfort to the 
enemy, either directly or indirectly, or by a noncommittal course of conduct, should 
be ma(le to show their hands, and once for all to place themsehes either in earnest, 
practical support of the Government or with its avowed enemies, so that we can 
deal with them understandingly. 

From this time henceforth district and subdistrict commanders and provost-mar- 
shals will report to these headquarters the names of all individuals and families who 
are found to be guilty of aiding the rebellion, or of aiding or encouraging bush- 
whackers and partisan marauders, by such acts of eonunission or onussion as herein 
mentioned, in order that immediate action may be taken in their cases. 

Those citizens who consider themselves so bound to their guerrilla and rebel 
friends that they can not comply with the requirements of this order, and who 
therefore ]irefer to join their friends within the rebel lines, will, upon api)lication in 
writing to these headquarters for that jjurpose, be given permission to pass beyond 
our lines, with the privilege of taking with tl»em suflicieut of their personal property, 
such as clothing, etc., to render them comfortable. 

The military forces throughout the department are commanded to respect the 
civil law, and, when necessary, to aid its officers, to refrain from all unautliorized 
depredations, esi)ecially to commit no act through personal enmity, and to jjrotect, 
aid, and encourage all those who, by their acts, uniforndy show an honest and ear- 
nest desire to supjiort the (Tovernment in ])utting down tlie rebellion and ridding 
the country of 'nishwhackers and guerrilla bands. 

By command of ^hijor-(ieneral Dodge: 

J. W. Barxes, 
Asfiisiant Adjutant-deneral. 

It will he ol)soi'vo(l that the Citizen (luard companies authorized by 
the order Hr.st (juoted were not, acoordino' to the ternus of the order, 
to be considered a reo-ular military force, entitled to pay or other 
remuneration for their services; that each man was to be furnished 
with rations wliile on active duty; that meml)ership of the companies 
did not exiMiipt from duty in the militia or vohuiteer service, and that 
.such disabilities as usually ex(Mui)t from military duty did not exempt 
from (liitv in the Citizen (iuards. 

Th(» status of thes<> local troops is olivious. TIkv were simply citi- 
zens, orjianized for their own ]irotection. to stn've without pay. They 
were not of the oroanized militia of the State, and they were not in 
the military ser\ ice of the United States. 



CITIZEN GUARDS. 187 

No record has been found of the service, if an}^, rendered by these 
companies, but it is sliown that thirty companies had an organized 
existence. Of these, however, the organization of but twenty-one 
companies was confirmed in orders from district headcjuarters as pro- 
vided in the case of "approved " companies. The company organiza- 
tions not so confirmed will be indicated in the schedule accompanying 
this paper. 

ORGANIZATIONS UNDER GENERAL ORDERS, NO. 176, DEPARTMENT OF 

THE MISSOURI, 1861. 

Upon the invasion of the State of Missouri in September, 1864, by 
the Confederate forces under Major-General Price, Major-General 
Rosecrans, commanding the Department of the Missouri, issued an 
address to "Missourians," in which he invited citizens not in the 
Enrolled Militia to join the militia organizations called out in their 
localities, or report to the nearest United States commander for such 
duty as they could perform during the continuance of the "raid." 
This address was published in general orders, dated September 26, 
1864, of which the following is an extract: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

No. 176. J St. Louis, Mo., September 26, 1864. 

Missourians: I. After two years of barbarous and harassing war, in which every 
citizen directly or indirectly suffered loss of property, and many of life, you are 
now invaded by Price and the recreant Missourians, who, in defiance of professed 
principles, have been the chief cause of your sufferings and loss. They bring with 
them men from other States to plunder, murder, and destroy you for adhering to 
the Government of your interests and your choice. Prepare for them the reception 
they deserve. Make this raid fatal to the enemy and you will insure peace. Let 
them succeed and you will almost ruin your State. 

II. They boast of secret conspirators among you, who are ready to join them in 
ruining you. Let no Missourian be found base enough to do it. Let every citizen 
who has spirit and manhood to defend his own home offer his services. Citizens 
not in the Enrolled Militia or organized under General Orders, No. 107, can join the 
militia organizations called out in their localities, or report to the nearest United 
States volunteer or militia commander for such duty as they can perform during the 
continuance of the raid. I look for a hearty response from all men who are true to 
their State and Nation. Bring arms if you have any, horses if you can ride, and 
fight as scouts. Let ever)' arm be nerved, every brain active. 

******* 

By command of Major-General Rosecrans: 

J. F. Bennett, Assistant Adjutant-General. 

On the same date, September 26, 1864, General Rosecrans issued 
another order, in which he directed a partial suspension of business 
in the cit}' of St. Louis to facilitate the work of organization for local 
defense. Following is a copv of the order: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

No. 178. ( St. Loui.% Mo., September S6, 1864. 

On the recommendation of his honor the mayor, and many leading business men 
of the city, all public business will be suspended after 12 m. to-morrow to enable us 
to complete our organizations for local defense, and so permit an active force to pur- 
sue the enemy. 

Such business as is necessary to supply the daily wants of the people — public 
administration, banking and printing offices, manufactories which can not be stopped 
without great damage — are exempt from the operations of this order. 

Exempts from the military service capable of defending their homes are requested 
to organize under direction of his honor the mayor, who will be provided with 
experienced officers to assist him in the organization. 



188 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

Whatever is done should be done immediately, and with united energies. The 
organization should be completed in fortj'-eight hours, when business will be 
resumed. Loyal exempts, let us hear from you. 

By command of Major-General Rosecrans: 

J. F. Bennett, Assistant Adjutant-General. 

On the foUowino- da}' General Rosecrans announced Col. B. Gratz 
Brown as a volunteer aide-de-camp on his .stall', for teniporarv duty, and 
charged him with the organization of the "Militia Exempts.'' (Offi- 
cial Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. 
XLI, Part III, p. 400.) 

On the 29th of September the organization for local defense in the 
city of St. Louis had so far progres-sed as to justify the general 
resumption of business, and an order announcing that fact was accord- 
ingly issued from department headquarters. In the same order Col. 
B. Gratz Brown was assigned to the command of the Militia Exempts, 
"organized for special duty in the city of St. Louis." The order 
reads as follows: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

No. 183. j St. Louis, Mo., September 29, 1864. 

I. The organization of the citizens of St. Louis has so far progressed that busi- 
ness may be resuu^ed to-morrow morning; but all business houses will close at 3 
o'clock p. m., daily, until further orders, to give opportunity for drill. 

IL Col. B. Gratz Brown, volunteer aide-de-camp, is hereby assigned to the 
immediate conuuand of the Militia Exempts, organized for special duty in the city 
of St. Louis. 
By coiTimand of Major-General Rosecrans: 

J. F. Bennett, 
Assistant Adjutant- General. 

On October 9, 1864. General Rosecrans issued his General Orders, 
No. 192, in which he announced that all citizen organizations for local 
defense would be legalized both for State and United States service 
by being denominated " Provisional Enrolled Militia," and that to 
legalize the issue of arms and supplies to the organizations of Militia 
Exempts they also would be considered as having been formed under 
the order (General Orders, No. 107, of June '2S., 1864) which provided 
for the organization of companies of Provisional Enrolled Militia." 
Following is an extract of General Orders, No 192: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

No. 192. ( St. Louis, Mo., October 9, 1864. 

I. (leneral Orders, No. 107, current series, from these headquarters, having been 
promulgated to provide for local defense against bands of bushwhackers and other 
disturbers of the public peace, and for the maintenance of law and order more effec- 
tually than could be done by calling out the Enrolled INIilitia, as well as to engage all 
good citizens in the work, it is therefore ordered that all citizen organizations for 
local defense in this State conform to the provisions of that order. 

II. These organizations will l)e legalized both for State and United States service 
by being denominated " Provisional Enrolled Militia," and the company and regi- 
mental rolls will state in the heading the object of the organization. 

******* 

VI. When these organizations are thus formed, and the rolls approved by the 
general commanding, the companies will beaccei)ted, and their officers commissioned 
a.s "Provisional Enrolled INIilitia," for the special purpose of local defense and the 
])reservation of law and order. 

VII. lOxcept in cases of extreme public danger, no organization thus called out 
will be ordered to go beyond the limits of its own county, nor will it be permitted 

"General Orders, No. 107, is quoted in full under the head of Provisional Enrolled 
Militia. 



CITIZEN GUARDS. 189 

to go into neighboring counties, unless to pui^ue or meet marauders or other pu1)lic 
enemies, or to arrest fugitive criminals from its own county. 

VIII. To legalize the issue of arms, clothing, camp and garrison equipage, etc., 
to the organization of "Exempts," formed duiing the recent raid, they may be con- 
sidered as having been formed under General Orders, No. 107, and their rolls will he 
entered at the State headquarters, whei-e they will be placed on the records of such 
organizations. 

By order of Major-General Kosecrans: 

Frank Exo, Assistoid A(Ijut(irtt-(n')>rr"l. 

Five regiments, two l)attalions, and several unattached companies 
of Militia Exempt.s were speedily formed in the city of St. Louis and 
vicinity, embracino- a force of more than 5,000 men. Concerning this 
force Colonel Brown reported. October 10, 186-1: 

Headquarters City (tuard, 

St. Louh, Octoher 10, 1S64. 
Major-General Rosecrans, 

Commanding Depttrtinent of the 3fisiiouri. 
General: Having volunteered my services to aid in perfecting the defense of the 
city of St. Louis against a threatened attack from the hostile force now in the State, 
I proceeded, in pursuance of General Orders, No. 179, from department heailquarters, 
to organize into companies and regiments such of the citizens not included in any other 
military organization as desired to take up arms and hold themselves in readiness 
for duty. The result I have now the honor to report to you in the shajie of five 
regiments, two battalions, and several unattached companies, embracing a force of 
more than 5,000 well-armed men, most of whom are familiar with drill, and many 
of whom have served out the period of their enlistments in the volunteer regiments 
recently mustered out. In regard to one of the battalions that formed at Carondelet 
it is proper to state that when reported for muster it consisted of from 300 to 400 
men, but owing to some misunderstanding on the part of those enlisted the organi- 
zation has not yet been completed. Subjoine<l will Ije found the oath which was 
administered to these troops by Major I^edergerber, assigned to these headquarters 
as mustering officer, and also a roster of the conmiand and map of the city showing 
company locations. Authority has been given to form several couipanies of Exempts 
in the county of St. Louis, but as they furnish their own arms and equipments it has 
not l)een deemed necessary to include them in this enumeration. It was the inten- 
tion to have organized also a l)attali(Hi of cohered troops, Imt so far only two compa- 
nies have been reported, one of which, of eighty-seven men, is armed and mustered. 
Brief as this report is, I can not conclude it without returning thanks to his honor, 
Mayor Thomas, for a zealous, untiring cooperation in consummating this organization, 
and also to the staff officers assigned to duty here, who have been constant in their 
labor and attention. 

Having performed the duty assigned me, and finding the emergency in which 
these troops were liable to be called out gone by, and the tax upon my time greater 
than is consistent with the proper discharge of other official labors, I ask to be 
relieved from command. The regiments are all provided with experienced officers 
of their own selection, and any continuance of the organization that may be deemed 
necessary to insure future safety to our city can ])e trusted to them witli confidence. 
Respectfully, your obedient servant, 

B. Gratz Brown, 
Volunteer AkIe-de-Camp, Commanding City Guard. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XLI, Part 
III, p. 752.] 

The oath administered to these troops, as shown l)y the copy fur- 
nished by Colonel Brown, was as follows: 

I do solemnly swear that I will bear true allegiance to the United States of America, 
and that I wilf serve them honestly and faithfully for the defense of the city of St. 
Louis against all their enemies or opposers whatsoever, whether they be armed 
rebels attacking the city (jr secret or open enemies attempting to menace the loyal 
authorities of the city under any pretense whatsoever; and that I will observe and 
obey the orders of the President of the United States and the mayor of the city of 
St. Louis, and the orders of the officers appointed over me l)y the commanding 
general of the Department of the Missouri, according to the rules and articles tor 
the government of the United States. 

[Ibid., p. 753.] 



190 MTSSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

No record has been found that any other organizations of Militia 
Exempts than those reported bv Coh)nel l^rown were formed. The 
designations of the regiments and l)attalions are given in an accom- 
panying schedule, the unattached companies being mentioned therein 
as the Third Battalion (unorganized), following the classification given 
in the original list of organizations. 

It will be seen that the "Militia Exempts" were organized for the 
defense of the city of St. Louis, and that to legalize the issue of arms and 
the necessar}^ sivpplies they were to be regarded as having been formed 
under General Orders, No. 107, headquarters Department of the Mis- 
souri, of June 28, 1864. That order provided for the formation of 
companies of "Provisional Enrolled Militia,"' to be paid by the State 
when actually on duty, with the approval of the governor. But it 
was only to legalize the issue of arms and supplies that the Militia 
Exempts were classified as militia of the State, and this classification 
did not carry with it any promise of pay for any service that might 
have been rendered by them. It does not appear, however, that they 
were ''actually on duty" or that they were paid by the State or the 
United States. They were simply citizen guards, organized to meet 
a possible emergency that did not arise. They were not in the mili- 
tary service of the State or of the United States. 

The records of the War Department aftord very little information 
relative to the formation of other local defense organizations under 
the provisions of General Orders, No. 176. It is, however, shown by 
the records (6732, V. S., 1872) that three companies were formed in 
Johnson County, in the District of Central Missouri, commanded by 
Capts. Emory S. Foster, William Fisher, and George S. Grover, 
respectively, and that the former was assigned to the command of all 
of the companies of Citizen Guards in Johnson County, with the 
nominal rank of major. The order of assignment is as follows: 

Special Orders, 1 Headquarters District of Central Missouri, 

No. 209. i Jefferson City, Mo., Se}}f ember 30, 1864. 

******* 

2. Emory S. Foster, of Warrensburg, is hereby assigned the coininaiul of all com- 
panies of Citizen Guards in Johnson County, Mo., with the nominal rank of major, 
and will be obeyed and resj^ected accordingly. 
By order of Brigadier-General Brown: 

J. H. Steger, 
Amdant Adjutant- General. 
[Book No. 553, Department of the Missouri, p. 15S.] 

No record of the personnel of Fisher's or Grover s company has been 
found, nor has any definite record been found of the service, if an}', 
rendered by any one of these companies. The following correspond- 
ence on the general subject of the service of Citizen Guard organiza- 
tions at Wari'ensjjurg,, Johnson County, has, however, been discovered. 

From William Fisher, ca})tain. Home Guards: 

Knobnoster, September 27, 1864- 
Brigadier-General Brown, Sedalia: 

Will you arm our company; if so, when? We are ready to assist you all we can. 
Answer quick. 

[Book N(;. 546, Department of the Missouri, p. 125.] 



CITIZEN GUAEDS. 191 

From Brig. Gen. E. B. Brown: 

Sedalia, September ^, 1864- 
William Fisher, Knobnosier: 

All the Enrolled Missouri Militia in Johnson County will be called into active 
service immediately. Can not arm citizen organizations until the Enrolled Missouri 
Militia are armed. 

[Ibid., p. 126.] 

From J. H. Steger, assistant adjutant-general: 

Sedalia, September 29, 1864. 
Maj. E. S. Foster, Warrensburg: 

Have ordered all troops from Warrensburg. Call out the Citizen Guards and militia 
to defend the place. 

[Ibid., p. 133.] 

From Brig. Gen. E. B. Brown: 

Tipton, September 29, 1864- 
E. S. Foster, Warrensburcj: 

I have ordered Captain Case to send you fifty stand of arms that are at Sedalia by 
passenger train to-night. I did not receive the provision returns. 

[Ibid., p. 134.] 

From George S. Grover: 

Warrensburg, September 29, 1864- 
General Brown, Sedalia: 

As far as I can ascertain, none of the men on the rolls of Foster's and my com- 
pany belong to the Enrolled Missouri Militia. At any rate, a great many are still 
applying to get arms who are exempt from the militia, so that the companies will 
doubtless be larger than reported by the time rations arrive. Alter remarks on rolls 
from order 176 to order 107 — this with Foster's knowledge and consent. Will send 
requisition for your approval in the morning. 

[Ibid., p. 135.] 

From Brig. Gen.. E. B. Brown: 

WARRENSBURCi, September 29, 1864- 
Emory S. Foster, Warrensburg : 

All the militia that can be brought into service will be, at once. I have ordered 
Captain Box back to Warrensburg with one company. You should have the citizens 
make defenses in the town. 

[Ibid., p. 138.] 

From Brig. Gen. E. B. Brown: 

Jefferson City, October 1, 1864- 
Maj. E. S. Foster, Warrensburg : 

The enemy are reported moving toward this place; measures are taken to give 
them a fight. I think they will be broken up before they get west of Sedalia. Col- 
lect every armed man in the county and be prepared to harass them. Don't let the 
enemy get the arms or horses of the Citizen Guards. If the enemy move west 
you know how important it is that I should have information of their movements. 
Chester will report to you. 

[Ibid., p. 142.] 

From J. H. Steger, assistant adjutant-general: 

Jefferson City, October 1, 1864- 
Maj. E. S. Foster, Warrensburg : 

Mount your command, but take an accurate account of horses taken in order that 
citizens mav be secured from loss. 

[Ibid., p.' 146.] 

From E. S. Foster: 

Warrensburg, October 1, 1864- 
General E. B. Brown: 

I must have rations or I can not stay here. The returns were sent to Capt. B. H. 
Wilson. 

[Ibid., p. 146.] 



192 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

From E. S. Foster: 

Warrensburg, October 1, 1864. 
Briu;. Gen. E. B. Browx: 

(Tive me authority to mount my men and I will be able to be useful. I will keep a 
correct account of all the horses I get and who from. I can start 200 men. I got 60 
more guns here yesterday, making in all 120. Can you send me more soon; anyhow 
three or four thousand rounds of ammunition, caliber .58? I will forward requisition. 
Send commissaries. -I am well fortified against infantry. 

[Ibid., p. 146.] 

From Brig. Gen. E. B. Brown: 

Jefferson City, October 4, 1S64- 
Maj. Yj. S. Foster, Warrensburg: 

Subsistence and arms loaded and will leave this morning. All quiet, as far as I 
can get information. 

[Ibid., p. 153.] 

From E. S. Foster, captain, commanding: 

Warrensburg, October 5, 1S64. 
General E. B. Brown: 

I shall make every man leave this county who will not enroll in some organization 
for defense. If you have fatigue duty to do I can send them under guard to vou. 

[Ibid., p. 156.] 

None of the companies mentioned above was recognized or paid b}- 
the State of Missouri as militia of the State, nor was an}^ one of them 
recognized or paid by the General Government as an organization in 
the militar}" service of the United States. 

Besides the Johnson County companies, it appears that one com- 
pany of Citizen Guards was organized at Jeti'erson City, Cole County, 
Mo., on or about September 21, 1863, under the command of Capt. 
P. T. Miller, which should probabl}' be classed among organizations 
formed under the provisions of General Orders, No. 176, though its 
enrollment preceded by a few da3^s the date of that order. No record 
has been found that it rendered anj^ service. It was not recognized 
or paid by the State as a militia organization, nor was it recognized or 
paid by the General Government as an organization in the military 
service of the United States. 

There was also a company of Citizen Guards under the command of 
Capt. William Beatty, organized in Carroll County, which, although 
paid by the State of Missouri as a company of Provisional Enrolled 
Militia, has attached to its pay roll as authority for its organization a 
copy of General Orders, No. 176. 

It is possible that other companies of Citizen Guards were formed 
under the i)rovisions of General Orders, No. 176, of 1861, from head- 
quarters Department of the Missouri, and possibly some of them besides 
Beatty 's company were recognized as companies of Provisional Enrolled 
Militia, under the provisions of (Jeneral Orders, No. 192, quoted above, 
l)ut those already mentioned are all of which a record has been found 
showing their organization luider General Orders, No. 176. 

It will appear from the foregoing that of the live companies (besides 
the ]Militia Ex(Mnpts) known to have been organized under the provisions 
of GcMieraiOrdcrs, No. 17»'>, one was recognized and paidasaState militia 
organization in activ(vservice, while the other four conqianies were not 
recogni/cd or paid, either by the Stati^ or the United States, Of the 
service of these four companies no definite record has been found, and 
even the names of the members of two of them (those of Captains 
Fisher and Grover) are unknown to the War Department. If any 



CITIZEN GUARDS. 193 

service was rendered l>v any one of the four companies, it was evidently 
of short duration and strictly for "local defense"' — sueh service as 
was frequently render(>d in the State of Missouri during- the civil war 
without promise or expectation of pay. 

It is to be remarked of the Citizen Guards in general that they made 
no reports or returns to the War Department, and that it is quite pos- 
sible that many organizations were formed of which no record has 
been discovered. In this chapter, under the head of Citizen Guards, 
such information has l)een given as the records atf'ord relative to the 
organizations known to have been in existence. 

S. Doc. 4:12 13 



MISSISSIPPI MARINE BRIGADE. 



The Mississippi Marine Brigade, consisting- of one regiment of infan- 
try, two squadrons of cavalry, and one battery of light artillery, was 
organized at St. Louis, Mo. . l)y authority of the War Department, as 
a special corps, for service on the Mississippi River. It was created 
largely by transfers from other organizations and received few, if anv, 
recruits from the State of Missouri. It was not a Missouri organiza- 
tion and is mentioned here only because, evidently through a miscon- 
ception of its status, a majority of its members were credited to that 
State. 
194 



MARINE CORPS. 



Among- the many peculiar and illegal organizationf5 formed I)}" 
Major-General Fremont, or b}^ his authority, during his administra- 
tion of the affairs of the Western Department, was an organization 
designated by him as a "Marine Corps."" This corps, consisting of 
three companies, was organized for ''river transportation service," 
and would have no place in a history of Missouri military organiza- 
tions but for the fact that an effort has been made to give the members 
of the corps a military status, and that, evidentl}" through a misappre- 
hension as to their status in the service, the}^ were credited to the 
quota of the State of Missouri. 

The earliest record bearing upon the organization of the "Marine 
Corps" is found in a letter dated August 13, 1861, to "Capt." Thomas 
Maxwell, of which the following is a cop}^: 

St. Louis, August 13, 1861. 
Capt. Thomas Maxwell. 

Sir: You are hereby authorized to recruit a Marine Corps to serve during the war, 
to consist of 1 captain, 2 pilots — first and second; 4 engineers — first, second, third, and 
fourth; 2 mates — first and second; 1 clerk, 1 steward, 30 sailors, 8 firemen, 1 watch- 
man, 1 cook and mate, 1 cabin boy. 

When you shall have completed the organization of said corps, you will apply to 
these headquarters, where the necessary order will be issued. 

J. C. Fremont, 
Major-General, Commanding. 
[Letters Sent, Western Department, Vol. 15, p. 205.] 

Under the authority thus conferred upon Captain Maxwell the 
first compau}" of the Marine Corps was promptly organized, all of its 
members being reported as having been ""enrolled'' August 14, 1861, 
one day after the authority for the organization was given. 

In a letter dated August 10, 1861, General Fremont directed that the 
necessary orders be issued to have the "officers and seamen sworn in 
for the war," and that a steam transport be turned over to Captain 
Maxwell. Following is a copy of the letter embodying these instruc- 
tions : 

August 19, 1861. 
Capt. J. C. Keltox, U. S. A., 

A ss ista ni A d jut ant- Gen eral: 

Caiitain Kelton will issue the requisite order to have Captain Maxwell's company of 
officers and seamen sworn in for the war, and a steam transport turned over to Captain 
Maxwell to-day. 

J. C. Fremont, Major-General, Commanding. 

[Ibid., p. 282.] 

On the same date a letter was addressed bj^ direction of General Fre- 
mont to the mustering oflicer at the St. Louis Arsenal repeating the 

195 



190 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

order that "Captain Maxwell's compaii}^ of seamen" be "sworn in.' 
This letter is as follows: 

Headquarters Western Department, 

St. Louis, Mo., Aiujud 19, 1861. 
Capt. A. Tracy, 

Metering Officer, St. Loim Araenal, Mo. 
Sir: The general directs tliat Captain Maxwell's company of seamen be sworn in 
for the war. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

J. C. Keltox, Assistant AdjutcnU-Geueral. 
[8451, V. S., 1883.] 

Pursuant to the foregoing instructions Captain Tracy, Tenth Infan- 
tr}', a United States mustering officer, on August 20, ISOI, nuistered 
in (i. e., "accepted into the service of the United States") Captain 
Maxwell's company as the "First Company in the First Marine Corps 

( Brigade) of ]\Iissouri Volunteers," to serve for the term of three 

years. This muster in, it may be remarked, was made on the printed 
form commonly used in the muster of volunteers into the United States 
service. 

Under date of xlugust 28, 1801, General Fremont authorized "Capt." 
James Abrams to organize a ""Marine Corps" (Letters Sent, Western 
Department, Vol. 15, p. :^31), and it is recorded that on the 10th of 
the same month he authorized "John Young"/ to raise such a corps 
(Ibid., p. 464), but the terms of the last-mentioned authority have not 
been found of record. The authority granted Captain Abrams was in 
preciselv the same terms as those quoted above in the letter to Capt. 
Thomas Maxwell. 

On September 12, 1861, " Capt." John Reily w^as authorized to raise 
a company, with the same organization as that given above, except 
that Captain Reily was authorized to add to the oiganization "one 
carpenter,'''' and in the letter of authorit}" the organization was desig- 
nated a " Marine Corps for River Transportation Service.''' 

No record has been found that an organization was completed under 
the authority given to John Young, but Abrams's and Reily's companies 
were recruited, and were nmstered into the United States service for 
the term of " the war," under special instructions from Major-General 
Fn'moiit. 

Upon the assignment of iMajor-General Hallcck to the command of 
the newly organized DepartnuMit of the Missouri, he was instructed 
by Major-General McClellan, connuanding the Army, to ''examine 
into the legality of the organization of the troops serving in the 
Department,'' and when he found any illegal, uiuisual, or improper 
organizations, to give the officers and men an opportunity to enter the 
legal military establishment (Official Records of the Union and Con- 
federate Armies, Series I, Vol. Ill, p. 5()S), and in General Orders, No. 
2;"). dated L)eceml)(>r 14, 1861, General Ilalh^-k directed, among other 
things, tiiat tli(> members of certain irr(\gular organizations l)e paid to 
cover ])ast services actually rendei"(>d. 

Hut General Halleck evidently did not regard the "]\birine Corps" 
as entitled to pay or other consideration as a military organization in 
the service of the United States; for, in a letter addressed by him to 
Major-General McClellan, under date of December 19, 1861, he said: 

I am dischar<:in^ most of the steamers formerly in the (Tovernment employment 
and nnisterin^' out of service wliat is called the "Marine Corps," wiiich are nothing 
more than hired men on these boats. This will be a j^reat saviuLr of expense. 
[1291, Missouri Department, 18()1.] 



MARINE CORPS. 197 

Thi.s remark of General Halleek was evidentl}^ based, in part at 
least, upon a report made the da}' previous by Capt. P. T. Turnley, 
assistant quartermaster, relative to Captain Reily's company of the 
"Marine Corps." Following is a copy of that report: 

Decembkk ]8, 1861. 

In September last this crew and two others were sworn into service for and during 
the war, unless sooner discharged, by order of General Fremont. General Fremont 
also ordered all officers and employees on steani transports to be sworn in in like 
manner, and all teamsters on land. This mode was commenced, but failed to such 
an extent as to be abandoned. Orders were given a month ago to discharge all such 
employees and to pay them off. I have been doing this as fast as they couie into 
port. This boat and crew arrived yesterday. I ordereil the captain to make up his 
service roll and bring it to my office, for the discharge and payment of all the otlicers 
and crew. I have not yet got the roll, but am expecting it hourly. Captain Keily 
should not inform the men otherwise than that they are all entirely discharged from 
their service under their contract. 

P. T. Turnley, Assistant Quartennaster. 

[iMiscellaneous Papers, Marine Corps.] 

Under date of January i>, 1862, Captain Turnlc}' addressed a letter 
to department headquarters, in which he said: 

I mustered and paid off to December 31, 1861, and on that day discharged from 
further service the three companies of steamboat crews, called, respectively. First, 
Second, and Third Marine Corps of Missouri Volunteers. * * * I learn the captain 
of one or more design not to acknowledge their discharge, but to come forward 
monthly for payment. 

Please publish an order discharging them. 
[T12, Missouri, 1862.] 

Thereupon an order was issued by General Halleck, as follows: 

Special Orders, \ Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

No. 29. i St. Louis, January 10, 1863. 

******* 
4. The three Marine Corps under command of Maxwell, Abrams, and Reily hav- 
ing been mustered out and paid to December 31 by Captain Turnley, quartermaster, 
United States Army, are discharged the service of the United States on and after 
that date. 

By order of Major-General Halleck: 

J. C. Kelton, Assistant Adjutant-General. 

It has always been held by the War Department, since the attention 
of the Department was called to the military status of the "Marine 
Corps,'' that its muster into service was not a lawful nuister into the 
military service of the LTnited States, such an organization being 
unknown to the military establishment and not authorized by law. 
The members of this force were not officers or enlisted men in the 
United States military service, for which reason, evidently, thej' were 
paid by the Quartermaster's Department and not from the appropria- 
tions for the pay of the Army. They are regarded by the War 
Department as having l)een civilian employees in the Qnartermaster's 
Department and not as having formed a part of the military estab- 
lishment of the United States. (R. & P., 58T8TT.) 

As shown above, the "Marine Corps" numbered three companies. 



IRREGULAR ORGANIZATIONS AND APPOINTMENTS 
UNDER MAJOR-GENERAL FREMONT. 



On the 25th of July, 1861, Maj. Gen. John C. Fremont assumed 
command of the Western Department and immediate!}^ proceeded to 
the organization of a military force, consistino- largely of Missouri 
vohmteers and men brought from other States and organized as Mis- 
souri regiments. This force assumed the proportions of an army corps, 
the officers of which, including those of a large staiS', were appointed 
bj'^ General Fremont himself, without authorit}^ of law and without 
the sanction of his official superiors. 

Among the corps thus organized b}^ General Fremont's authority 
were some not authorized by law, several of them being unknown to 
the military service of the United States, others were accepted with an 
unlawful limitation as to the locality of their service, and among the 
officers appointed by General Fremont were many not only not author- 
ized by law l)ut bearing titles unknown to the nomenclature of the 
United States Army. 

As a preliminary to further remarks it is proper to state that the 
acts of Congress approved July 22 and 25, 1861, under which volun- 
teers were received into the service of the United States, authorized 
their acceptance only as '■'cavalry, infantry, or artillery," and that the 
former act contained the following proviso: 

The governors of the States furnishing volunteers under tliis act sliall commission 
the field, staff, and company officers requisite for the said volunteers; but, in cases 
where the State authorities refuse or omit to furnish volunteers at the call or on the 
proclamation of the President, and volunteers from such States offer their services 
under such call or proclamation, the President shall have power to accept such serv- 
ices, and to commission the proper field, staff, and company officers. 

[12 Stat. L., p. 269.] 

On August 9, 1861, (xcneral Fremont addressed to Hon. Montgom- 
ery Blair a letter of which the following is a copy: 

He.xdqcarters Westkrx Dei'.vktment, 

,SV. Louh, August 9, 1S61. 
Hon. MoNTGOMEKV Bl.vir, Washington. 

My Dear Mr. Blair: The greater part of the old troops, especially the foreign 
element, is going out of service. The new levies are literally the rawest ever got 
together. Tliey are reported by tlie officers to be entirely unacquainted with the 
rudiments of military exercise. To bring them before the enemy in their present 
c()n<lition wnujii be to have only an unmanagcalilc mob. I can remedy this if I can 
l)e authorized l)y the President and Secretary of War to collect throughout the States 
instructed men who have seen service. With them I could make a skeleton — meager 
enough, but still a framework — on which to form the army. This authority ought 
to be allowed, and the cost of transportation. Don't lose time, but get it quick. I 
assure you it will require all we can do, and to do it in the best manner, to meet 
the enemy. 
198 



IRREGULAE ORGANIZATIONS AND APPOINTMENTS. 199 

I ought to be supplied here with four or live millions of dollars, and the disburs- 
ing officers allowed to sell them at the ruling discount. All such equipments as I can 
procure abroad in much less time than I could get them here I ought to be allowed 
to send for. 

These are my suggestions. They are valuable. Pray act upon them; and what 
you do, do quick. * * * Show this to the President. 

The contest in the Mississippi Valley will be a severe one. We had best meet it 
in the face at once, and by so doing we can rout them. Who now serves the country 
quickly, serves her twice. 
Yours, truly, 

J. C. Fremont. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. Ill, p. 431,] 

In reply the Secretary of War addressed a letter to General Fremont 
as follows: 

War Department, Washington, Atigust 14, 1861. 
Maj. Gen. John C. Fremont, 

Commandivg Department of the West, St. Louis, Mo. 
Sir: Your letter of the 9th instant to the Hon. Montgomery Blair has been sub- 
mitted to me by him. With a view to place the new troops under your command 
in a state of efficiency for active service in the shortest possible time, you are author- 
ized to carry into effect your suggestion of accepting the services of instructed officers 
and men who have seen' service to form the skeleton or framework for the organiza- 
tion of your forces. Let the captains of companies thus begun procure transporta- 
tion from the railroad companies, and give their receipts to the roads as vouchers. 
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

Simon Cameron, Secretary of War. 
[Ibid., p. 441.] 

It is to be observed that in this correspondence General Fremont 
neither asked for nor received authority to commission officers, and 
there is evidence that the President reserved this authority to himself. 
Among the documents submitted by General Fremont to the Joint 
Committee on the Conduct of the War, after he had been relieved from 
the command of the Western Department, were papers which are 
reproduced below. No recoi'd of these papers has been found in the 
War Department, but they are printed in full in the report of the com- 
mittee (Part III, pp. 114, 115), which also states that the documents 
submitted to the committee by General Fremont in his own behalf 
were properly verified. 

St. Louis, August 19, 1861. 
Hon. Montgomery Blair, Washington, D. C: 

It is necessary, in order to facilitate the organization here, that Major-General 
Fremont have power to commission ofiicers, as Governor Gamble has neglected to 
accede to a request to do it, much to the detriment of the public service. 

If the President telegraphs that he will appoint the officers General Fremont com- 
missions, it will remove a great stumbling block from our path. 

Frank P. Blaih, Jr. 

In answer to this, Mr. Montgomery Blair telegraphed that if Governor (iamble 
would not commission officers, the President would; but some mistake rendering 
the dispatch incomprehensible, the President repeated it himself, as follows: 

[By telegraph from Washington, 21st, 1861.] 
Colonel Blair: 
I repeat, I will commission the officers of Missouri volunteers. 



A. Lincoln. 



[R. & P., 456829.] 



200 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

Notwithstanding the fact that the President had thus reserved to 
himself the authority to appoint officers of the Missouri volunteers, if 
the governor of the State would not appoint them, General Fremont 
continued to make the appointments, some of them to offices that had 
a legal existence, and might have been tilled by the governor of the 
State or by the President, but many other appointments were made 
to offices that had no legal existence. 

Among the irregular and unlawful organizations shown by the 
records to have been authorized by General Fremont may be men- 
tioned: Engineers, pioneers, sappers and miners, pontoniers, tele- 
graph operators and guards, a company of signal men, and a " Marine 
Corps," organized for river service. 

Some of the appointments of officers, besides those of irregular 
commands, and of general and staff officers of recognized grades, were 
the following : 

1. A "brigade inspector, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of 
colonel." 

2. A "surgeon in this cit3^ with the rank of captain." 

3. A "second lieutenant of infantr}'," with a view to his transfer to 
the Medical Department. 

4. A "major of infantry," for staff dut}'' at department headquar- 
ters. 

5. A "captain of cavalry," to be employed in the land transporta- 
tion department. 

6. An "instructor of cavalry," with the rank and pay of major. 

7. A "captain of artillery," for duty on the staff'. 

8. A "drill-master," with the rank of lieutenant. 

9. A "wagon-master" at the headquarters of the department, with 
the pay and allowances of a second lieutenant. 

10. A "captain of cavalry," to serve at department headquarters as 
"commander of spies and guides." 

11. A "director of music," with the rank and pay of a captain of 
engineers. 

The irregularities in the Western Department produced such con- 
fusion that a representation concerning them was made to the Presi- 
dent, by an authorized agent of General Fremont, in a letter of which 
the following is an extract : 

Washington, Octohcr 1, 1S61. 
President ok the United States. 

Sir : I received verbal instructions from Colonel Woods, chief business manager for 
Maj. (len. John C. Fremont, to ]iroceed to Washington and ask for money and arms 
for the use of the Westenn Military Department. 

* * 4f- * * * * 

A great deal of trouble and confusion is springing up in the Westi-rn iNIilitary 
Department from a seeming conflict of authority l)etween General Fremont and the 
authorized agents of the Government, which I trust a statement of facts may help to 
remove. Me lias given commissions to colonels and other staff otticers, which I find 
are not re(;ognized in St. Louis or Washington. On this subject I herewith submit a 
statement of facts received this morning from Col. C. J. Wright, of Cincinnati. If 
tlie authority here given, and in numerous like cases, by the general l)e not promptly 
recognized by the Government, the utmost confusion will prevail among the otticers 
and volunteers now in the service in the West. A large mimber of pi-rj^ons fromOhio 
have receiveil, and others have been ])romised, commissions under him; but if his 
acts in such cases are not respected in Washington, there will be no end to vexation 
and trouble growing out of these tran.sactions. 

******* 

And now, IMr. President, I most respectfully submit that one of two things ought 
to be done innuediately, viz, either General Fr6mont'smilitary conunissionsanci con- 



IRREGULAR ORGANIZATIONS AND APPOINTMENTS. 201 

tracts should be recognized, and his drafts for money and arms to carry on the war 
honored, or some person should take his place whose acts will receive full recog- 
nition bv the Government. 



With great respect, yours, 

[Indorsement.] 
Respectfully submitted to the War Department. 



John A. Gurley. 



October 4, 1861. 



A. Lincoln. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. Ill, 
pp. 511-513.] 

The particular cause of this complaint of the nonrecog-nitioii of 
General Frenionfs appointments was that the deputy paymaster- 
general. Col. T, P. Andrews, had declined to pay officers before the}' 
had completed the commands for which they had ])een designated. 

The nature of the appointments made b}^ General Fremont, as well 
as the condition of affairs resulting therefrom, is well illustrated in a 
letter addi-essed by Deputj' Paymaster-General Andrews to the 
Paymaster-General, under date of October 8, 1861, in which he said: 

St. Louis, Mo., Octobers, 1861. 
Col. B. F. Larned, 

Paymaster-General, United States Army. 

Sir: I have been waiting for Major Cunningham to render his accounts to Septem- 
ber 30 (he being relieved from all paying and other duty with the view of rendering 
his accounts since September 23), which have a very large number of officers', 
accounts in them. He was detailed, from the commencement of his service here, for 
the sole duty of paying officers' accounts, as being the one it was most advantageous 
to detail for it. He informs me they will be ready to-morrow or next day. 

Among the very large number of accounts that his accounts will contain is a 
large proportion of officers' accounts of a peculiar or original character, to which I 
wish to call your especial attention. They are of officers appointed by General Fre- 
mont, without reference, as far as I am informed, to the authorities at Washington, 
and of all grades and corps, from a general down to a second lieutenant; of engin- 
eers, topographical engineers, ordnance, artillery, light artillery, dragoons, mounted 
hussars, pioneers, and a whole regiment (Bissell's) calling themselves "Engineers of 
the West" (not yet paid), etc. A portion of them are appointed in the form I inclose, 
the appointments frequently, if not generally, dated back, as in the one inclosed. 
Others are on a more formal commission (on parchment paper and engraved), 
referring to the President's after apjiroval or sanction, but going l)ack also for pay, 
etc. Many of the officers are on duty, assimilating, as they state, to that of officers of 
similar services in the LTnited States Army. Brigade inspectors, teachers of tactics 
or "instructors" have been appointed, but I have declined, for the present, to pay 
them. Also one or more "directors of music" as a captain or major, who have not 
yet applied for payment. These appointments have become so numerous (hun- 
dreds) that I feel bound to direct your attention to the accounts when Major Cun- 
ningham's accounts reach you. Major Febiger's accounts contain a considerable addi- 
tional mnnber to those i)aid l)y ]\Iajor Cunningham. Febiger is too much engaged 
the whole day, at this time, to render his accounts, but they also will soon go on to 
you. The number in Major Cunningham's accounts is sufficient, however, for your 
information, as to the character of the appointments. 

I should have mentioned that many of the commissions were to line officers, who 
admitted, as I knew, they had no regiments or companies at the time of t'ommis- 
sion. We have felt impelled to pay in many cases, without any specific order to pay 
(well knowing that it was the intention they should be paid), under the apprehen- 
sion of having difficulties and incurring the penalty of arrest and imprisonment if 
we refused payment. 

The object of this letter is to call your especial attention to these payments, and 
to ask for instructions as to our continuing payments to these officers in future, or 
others of a similar character. They claim monthly. 
Very respectfully, your ol^edient servant, 

T. P. Andrews, 
Deputij Paymaster- General, United States Army. 

[R. & P., 456829.] 



202 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

Finalh' the Secretary of War and the Adjutant-General of the 
Army proceeded to St. Louis, where, on the 14th of October, 1861, 
the Adjutant-General addressed General Fremont relative to the 
administration of atiairs in his department, referring, among other 
things, to military appointments as follows: 

St. Louis, Mo., October 14, 1861. 
Maj. Gen. Jonx C. Fremont, 

Commanding Department of the West, Tipton, Mo. 
General: The Secretary of War directs me to communicate the following as his 
instructions for your government: 

******* 

In this connection it is seen that a number of commissions have been given by 
you. No payment will be made to such otticers, except to those whose appoint- 
ments have been approved by the President. This, of course, does not apply to the 
ofl&cers with volunteer commissions. Colonel Andrews has been verbally so instructed 
by the Secretary. 

******* 

I have the honor to be, etc., 

L. Thomas, Adjatant-General. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. Ill, p. 532.] 

While the Secretary of War and the Adjutant-General of the Army 
were still on their tour of inspection, Gustave Koerner, an aide-de-camp 
on General Fremont's staff, telegraphed the President as follows: 

St. Louis, October 16, 1861. 
His Excellency the President: 

Deputy Paymaster-General Lieutenant-Colonel Andrews refuses to honor General 
Fremont's commissions, which have heretofore invariably been accepted by him. 
Officers of the Army who have sacrificed their all to take up arms for their country 
are thus left destitute, and their families in want of the most urgent necessities of 
life. Very many of these officers are now in the field and in face of the enemy. 
Their efficiency and tlie spirits of many of the troops serving under them- will be 
most seriously affected by this course. Unless you will provide a remedy to insure 
these men in their well-deserved remuneration a portion of the Army will necessarily 
disband, as no officers will or can serve without a valid commission. 

Gustave Koerner, Aide-de-Camp. 

[Il)id., p. 53S.] 

To this telegram the Acting Secretar}^ of War replied: 

United States Military Telegraph, 

War Department, October 16, 1861. 
Gustave Koerner, 

Aide-de-Camp, St. Louis, Mo.: 
Your message to the Ptresident has been sent to this Department for attention. 
Arrangements will be made to examine and duly connnission such officers as the 
service recjuires. 

We shall endeavor to do full justice to all faithful and competent men in the 
service. Until officers are properly commissioned jmymasters have no authority to 
pay them. 
These irregularities will be corrected at the earliest date possible. 

Thomas A. Scott, 

Acting Secretary of War. 
[R. & P., 456829.] 

Further action was taken upon the message of Mr. Koerner by 
referring it to the Adjutant-General of the Army, with instructions to 
submit some plan that would do justice to the men who were then 



I 



IKREGULAR OEGANIZATIONS AND APPOINTMENTS. 203 

serving as faithful and competent officers. These instructions were 
given iji a letter of which the following is a copy: 

Washingtox, October IS, 1861. 
General Lorenzo Thomas, 

Adjutant-General United States Arm>/. 
Dear Sir: The inclosed message from Gustave Koerner, aide-de-camp to General 
Fremont, was read in Cal)inet meeting to-day by the President. It was determined to 
refer all irregnlar apjiointments in the Department of the West to yon for examina- 
tion, with instrnetions ti) snbniit some plan that will do justice to those men now 
serving who are faithful and competent otiicers, and provide a remedy for the evils 
now existing. 

Very respectfully, 

Thomas A. Scott, 
Assi!<tant Secretary of War. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. Ill, p. 538.] 

On October 19, 1861, General Fremont sent to the President a par- 
tial list of his appointments, requesting their confirmation, but it does 
not appear that any action was taken upon his request. 

The Secretary of War reached Washington October !il, 1861, on his 
return from the W^est, and on the same date the Adjutant-General, who 
.had previously been instructed to " take full notes upon all points con- 
nected with the object '' of the visit (Official Records of the Union and 
Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. Ill, p. 538), submitted his report, 
of which the following is an extract: 

Washington, D. C, October SI, 1861. 
Hon. Simon Cameron, Secretary of War. 

Sir: I have the honor to submit the report requested in your letter of the 19th 
instant. 

We arrived at St. Louis, as you are aware, at 2.30 a. m. October 11. 
******* 

Colonel Andrews, chief paymaster, called and represented irregularities in the pay 
department, and desired instructions from the Secretary for his government, stating 
that he was required to make payments and transfers of money contrary to law and 
regulations. Once, upon objecting to what he conceived an improper payment, he 
Avas threatened with confinement by a tile of soldiers. * * * Exhibited abstract 
of payment by one paymaster (Major Febiger) to 42 persons appointed by General 
Fremont, viz, 1 colonel, 3 majors, 8 captains, 15 first lieutenants, 11 second lieuten- 
ants, 1 surgeon, 3 assistant surgeons; total, 42. Nineteen of these have appointments 
as engineers and entitled to cavalry pay. 

A second abstract of payment was furnished, but not vouched for as reliable, as 
the paymaster was sick, and is only given to show the excess of officers of rank 
appointed to the major-general's body guard of only 300 men, the commander being 
a colonel, etc. The whole number of irregular appointments made by General Fre- 
mont was said by Colonel Andrews to be nearly 200. 

The following is a copy of one of these appointments: 

"Headquarters Western Department, 

''St. Louis, August :?8, 1861. 
" Sir: You are hereby appointed captain of cavalry, to be employed in the land 
transportation department, and will report for duty at these headquarters. 

"J. C. Fremont, 
'' Major- Genera I, Commanding. 
"Capt. Felix Vogele, Present." 

I also saw a similar appointment given to an individual on General Fremont's staff, 

as director of music, with the rank and commission of captain of engineers. This 

person was a musician in a theater in St. Louis. Colonel Andrews was verbally 

instructed by ine not to pay him, the person having presented the two papers and 

demanded pay. Colonel Andrews also stated that these appointments bore one date, 

but directed payment, in some cases, a month or more anterior thereto. He was 

then without funds, except a sn^all amount. 

******* 

Respectfully submitted. 

L. Thomas, Adjutant- General. 
[Ibid., pp. 540-549.] 



204 MISSOURI TROOPS — UNION. 

Oil October 24, 1861, a general order wa8 issued from headquarters 
of the Army directing General Fremont to call Major-Cxeneral Hunter, 
United States Volunteers, to relieve him temporarily of the command 
of the Western Department. This order was carried into execution 
November 2, 1861, and on November 9, 1861, the Western Depart- 
ment was merged into the newly created Department of the Missouri, 
the command of which was conferred upon Maj. Gen. H. W. Halleck. 

On the 11th of November, 1861, Major-General McClelhin, command- 
ing the Army, addressed to General Halleck a letter of instructions, 
in which he said: 

Headquarters of the Army, 
Washinglon, D. C, November 11, 1861. 
Maj. Gen. H. W. Halleck, U. S. A., 

Commanding Department of the Missouri. 

General: In assigning you to the command of the Department of the ^lissouri, 
it is probably unnecessary for me to state that I have intrusted to you a dutj' which 
requires the utmost tact and decision. You have not merely the ordinary duties of a 
military commander to perform, l)ut the far more difficult task of reducing chaos to 
order, of changing probably the majority of the personnel of the staff of the depart- 
ment, and of reducing to a point of economy, consistent with the interests and neces- 
sities of the State, a system of reckless exjienditure and fraud, perhaps unheard of 
before in the history of the world. 

You will find in your department many general and staff officers holding illegal 
commissions and appointments not recognized or approved by the President or 
Secretary of War. You will please at once inform these gentlemen of the nullity of 
their appointment, and see that no pay or allowances are issued to them until such 
time as commissions may be authorized l^y the President or Secretary of War. 

If any of them give the slightest trouble you will at once arrest them and send 
them, under guard, out of the limits of your department, informing them that if 
they return they will be placed in close confinement. You will please examine into 
the legality of the organization of the troops serving in the department. When you 
find any illegal, unusual, or improper organizations, you will give to the officers and 
men an opportunity to enter the legal military establishment under general laws 
and orders from the War Department, reporting in full to these headquarters any 
officer or organization that may decline. 

******* 

I am, general, etc., Geo. B. McClellan, 

Major-General, Connnanding United States Armi/. 
[Ibid., p. 568.] 

On November 12, 1861, General McClellan issued the following- 
order: 

Special Orders, "j Headquarters of the Army, 

>• Ad.iutaxt-Ciexeral's Office, 

No. 304. j Washington, November 12, 1861. 

******* 

Par. 4. INIaj. (Jen. J. C. Fremont, United States Army, having been relieved from 
the command of the Western Dei)artment, and from duty in the field, those mem- 
bers of his staff who have Ix'en selected from civil life, under the authority of the 
act approved August 5, 1861, cease from the tlate on which he relinquished com- 
mand to be connected with the service. 

Par. 5. All persons, with the exception of regimental and company officers, 
who have been appointed into the military service by Major-(Teneral Fremont, and 
who.se appointments have not been sanctioned by the President, are hereby dis- 
charged the service of tlie United States. 

By command of Major-lJeneral INIcClellan: 

L. Thomas, Adjutant- General. 

The act of Congress a})proved August 5. 1861, referred to in para- 

fraph 4 of the order (pioted above, is Piil)lic, No. 42. authorizing the 
^resident to appoint aides-de-camp. 
The following order issued b}' Major-General ]McClellan is here 



IRREGULAR ORGANIZATIONS AND APPOINTMENTS. 205 

quoted as a part of the history of appointments in the Western 
Department: 

Special Orders, "j Headquarters of the Army, 

I Ad.iutant-Uexekal's Office, 

No. "307. j WasJiiiKjtoii, Nnvernher 16, 1S61. 

1. The following appointments made by Col. Chester ilaiiling, jr.. Tenth Missouri 
Volunteers, in obedience to instructions from Major-tTcneral Fremont, conmuuiding 
"Western Department, ilated August 21, 1861, are conlirmed, to take effei't from the 
dates hereinafter specified, viz: 

George D. Kellogg, assistant adjutant-general of volunteers, with rank of captain, 
August 21, 1861. 

William D. Colman, assistant quartermaster-general of volunteers, with rank of 
captain, August 21, 1861. 

Edward Harding, commissary of subsistence of volunteers, with rank of captain, 
August 21, 1861. 

J. S. Trout, brigade surgeon of volunteers, August 21, 1861. 

These appointments will be considered as vacated on the 12th day of November, 
1861, upon which date the officers mentioned were honorably discharged from the 
service of the United States, in pursuance of Special Orders, No. 304, current series, 
from this office. 

******* 

By command of Major-General McClellan: • 

L. TH<).^rAS, Adjuiunl-General. 

It is evident that this order, not being the action of the President of 
the United States, who alone is authorized to make appointments to 
the stati' corps of the Army, had no legal effect on the status of the 
persons to whom the order relates. 

General McClellan's order No. 30-1 was speedily followed by orders 
for the pa3^ment of the class of persons referred to in its second part 
(paragraph 5). Following are copies of correspondence and orders 
relative to the subject: 

[Copy of indorsement on Special Orders, No. 304.] 

Ad.iutant-General's Office, Noremlier So, 1S61. 
^Respectfully returned to the Paymaster-General. The list of persons ajipointed by 
General Fremont has been this day returned to General Halleck with the following 
indorsement: "The Secretary of War directs that all persons discharged under the 
second part of the accompanying Special Orders, No. 304, who have actually rendered 
service shall be paid." 

L. Thomas, AiJjuhaU-Geiu'ral. 

Respectfully forwarded to Lieut. Col. T. P. Andrews, Deputy Paymaster-General, 



United States Army, for his information. 



Ben.i. F. Larned, J'aymader-General. 



St. Loris, Mo., December 1, ISGl. 
Col. B. F. Larned, 

PaipnaMer-General United States Army. 
Sir: Yours of the 28th instant indorsing the Adjutant-General's note on the list of 
General Fremont's appointees is received, and as 1 undt-rstand it as ordering his 
military appointees (second paragraph of Special Orders, No. 304) are to be paid to 
November 12, and those of his staff are not to be paid at all, I shall so act unless 
directed otherwise l)y General Halleck. 

******* 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

T. P. Andrews, 
Deputy Pay master-General, United States Army. 



206 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

Special Orders, ) Headquarters Department of the ^Iissouri, 

ISio. 23. ) St. Louis, December £, 1861. 

******* 

4. The preneral coninuuuliiig has been advised that the Secretary of War directs 
that all ])ers()ns discharged under the second paragraph of Special Orders, No. 304, 
dated Ileadciuarters of tlie Army, Washington, November 12, 1861, who h^ve actu- 
ally rendered service, shall be paid for such service. 

The mils of the persons so discharged will immediately be copied and furnished to 
the chief of the pay department in this city, and also regulations will be adopted for 
determining in each case the time of service. 



By order of Major-General Halleck: 



J. C. K ELTON, 

Assistant Adjutant-General. 



St. Louis, December 5, 1861. 
Lieut. Col. T. P. Andrews, 

Chief, Pay Department, St. Louis. 
Colonel: You will receive herewith a list of appointments made by Major-General 
Fremont, sent to me from the office of the Adjutant-General of the Army with the 
following indorsement: '*The Secretary of War directs that all persons discharged 
under the second paragraph of the accompanying Special Orders, No. 304, who have 
actually rendered service shall be paid." 

You will make the payment as directed, taking proper precautions to ascertain the 
time of service "actually rendered," and requiring for that purpose the affidavits of 
the claimants. 

An additional list will be furnished as soon as it can be prepared. 
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

H. W. Halleck, Major-General. 



General Orders, \ Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

No. 21. j St. Louis, December 9, 1861. 

******* 

II. All persons commissioned liy Major-General Fremont and discharged under 
the second paragraph of Special Orders, No. 304, dated Headquarters of the Army, 
Washington, November 12, 1861, and whose names are not included in the lists fur- 
nished to the chief of the pay department, in compliance with instructions from the 
Secretary of War, dated November 25, 1861, will refer their claims for payment to 
the A(ljutant-<ieneral at Washington, the commanding-general of this department 
not being authorized to act upon such claims. 

By order of Major-General Halleck: 

J. C. Kelton, 
Assistant Adjutant-General. 



Headquarters Department of the IMissouri, 

St. Louis, December 9, 1861. 
Adjt. Gen. L. Thomas, 

He((d(/uarter$ of tlw Anny, Wasliinglon, D. C. 
General: There are a number of officers in this department in possession of com- 
missions from (General Fremont who have done valuable service, but whose names 
do not apjiear on either of the lists sent from the Adjutant-General's Otlice with 
orders for payment. These men are deserving. Not having rei-eived any compen- 
sation for their services, they are now in destitute circumstances. I respectfully ask 
autliority to order ]>ayiiu'nt for their services to November 12, the day on which the 
appointments of Cieneral Fremont expired. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

H. W. Halleck, Major-General. 



IRREGULAR ORGANIZATIONS AND APPOINTMENTS. 207 

Adjutant-General's Office, 

Washmglon, January 13, 1S6£. 
Maj. Gen. H. W. Halleck, 

Commimd'mg the Depart mo it of the Missouri. 
General: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 9th 
ultimo, relative to the payment of cei'tain officers whose names do not appear on 
either of the lists sent from this office, with orders for ]iayment, and to state that 
authority is granted you to order payment for their services to Noveml)er 12, 1861, 
as requested. 

I am, general, very resj^ectfully, your oliedient servant, 

L. Thomas, AdJHtditt-General. 

On November 11), 18()1. General Halleck nssumed the command of 
the department to which he had been as.sioned. One of hi.s first official 
acts was to dis))and the companies of "•telegraph builders, operators, 
etc., and the com})anies of telegraph -guards created ))y authority of 
Major-General Fremont.'' (Special Orders of November lil, IJ-'BI, Hook 
No. Si), Department of the Missouri, p. 16.) A few days later, on the 
27th of Novem))er, he ordered the muster out of the squadron of cav- 
tilrv known as the "Fremont liody Guard," which had been mustered 
in with an unlawful restriction as to its service (Special Order 
Book No. 89, Department of the Missouri, p. 10), and on the -tth of 
December, he issued a general order preparatory to a '"systematic 
organization of the forces" of the department. Following is a copy 
of the last-mentioned order: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

No. 14. i St. Louis, December 4, 1S61. 

With a view to a systematic organization of the forces of this department, all com- 
manders of regiments, batteries, troops, and companies raised under authorizations 
from any source whatever, now in the service of the United States in this department, 
will forward certified copies of their "muster-in rolls," including those of the field 
and staff, as well as those of comjmnies, to these headquarters. The rolls will be 
accompanied by a letter of advice, stating the present station of the force, giving the 
town and county, also whether the officers are commissioned, and by whom. These 
rolls will be forwarded through the c(immanders of districts, divisions, brigades, or 
I>osts, who will see that it is clone as promptly as possible. Where there are corps or 
detachments which have not been mustered, but have been in service, the command- 
ing officer will make affidavit before an officer authorized to administer oaths that 
the rolls are correct, and that the men and officers on the rolls thus authenticated 
have been in service for the period set opposite their respective names, which affi- 
davit will be forwarded with the rolls. 

The object of this order being to have connnissions furnished to those officers who 
are without them, and the troops mustered so that they can be paid and supplied 
with clothing and sul)sistence, in accordance with law and reijulations, the interests 
of the service as well as those of men and officers promj)t the utmost diligence in 
complying with this order. They will he adilressed to the assistant adjutant-gen- 
eral at these headquarters, marked on the envelope "^Muster in rolls." 

By order of Major-(ieneral Halleck: 

J. C. Kelton, Assixtcfiit Adjutavt-deneraL 

Under date of December 18, 1861, General Halleck addressed to the 
Adjutant-General of the Army a conununication in which he set forth 
at considerable length the irregularities of organization existing in his 
department and the measures projjosed for their correction. This 
letter is in part as follows: 

Heaiku'arters Department of the Missouri, 

St. Louis, Mo., Decemher 1,3, ISGl. 
Brig. Gen. Lorenzo Thomas, 

Adjntant-Geveral of the Armi/, Wasltington, D. C. 
General: On examination of the organizatiDii of the troops in this department, I 
find numerous irregular and fragmentary bodies actually in service, but not in the 



208 



MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 



manner authorized by law. It is very difficult to dispose of these in such a way as 
not to injure the pu1)lic service or do injustice to the officers and men, and at the 
same time conform to the law and regulations. 

In the case of the Fremont Body Guard, I used my best endeavors to induce them 
to remain in service, but they unaninKjusly protested against it, on the ground that 
they were not enlisted to serve the I'liited States but to serve Major-General P"re- 
mont, and tiiat on his removal their term of service ceased. I directed the captains 
of companies to present me their original muster rolls, which they did, and I found 
that they had only obligated themselves to serve as General Fremont's ))ody guard. 
They said, moreover, that the mustering officer, Capt." John D. O'Connell, Four- 
teenth Infantry, annoimced to them at the time of the mustering in that if General 
Fremont should die or be otherwise removed from the command their term of serv- 
ice would cease. I, therefore, at their own solicitation and the request of IMajor- 
General Fremont, mustered them out. 

* * * * * * * 

The engineer organization in this department is a very peculiar one, and the 
greater part of it without any authorit,y of law. As near as can be ascertained this 
organization is as follows: 



Officers. 



Enlisted 
men. 



Colonel Blssell's engineer regiment 

Two eompanies of tek'^raph men 

One company of telegraph guards 

Signal company 

Force of sappers and miners 

Company of pioneers, sappers and miners . 

Company of pontoniers 

Engineer dela<'lnnent at Iron ton 

Engineer cor]>s, etc 




925 
200 
25 
51 
42 
98 
100 
17 



Colonel Bissell's regiment is regularly mustered into service, receiving infantry pay, 
with allowance for extra service, as provided by law. The other ten companies, under 
various names, I propose to unite into a l)attalion, and to muster them in as infantry 
on the same terms as Bissell's regiment; that is, to have tlie extra allowance when 
acting as engineer troops. To effect this it will probably be necessary to break up 
the present organizations, so as to dispense in the new with the extra officers. The 
two com])anies of telegraph men and telegraph guards, 9 officers and 225 men, have 
already been mustered out, but manj' of them are ready to reorganize as infantry in 
the manner proposed. 

The engineer corps proper, as it is called, has no troops, but probal)ly al)out fifty offi- 
cers. The names of forty-three have already been ascertained, l^ut some one turns up 
every few days holding a connnission or appointment from ( ieneral Fremont. Some of 
these are already discharged; but it is imi)ossil)le to disi-harge tliem all at present, 
their services being alisolutely indisjiensable in the construction of the works which 
are now ])eing built at Paducah, Cairo, Fort Holt, (lirardcau, Holla, Jefferson City, 
La ^Nline C'antojnnent near Sedalia, etc. The connnanding officers at these places 
report that it is impossible to proceed with these defenses, now partially constructed, 
without the aid of one or more engineer officer at each jilace. I coincide in their 
opinion, and shall l)e oljliged to retain in service some ten or twelve of the most com- 
petent of these officers, with the pay of captains and lieutenants of engineers, until 
some arrangement can be made to replace them by regular officers. 

I would remark tliat the pontonier company lias a large and costly bridge train 
nearly com)>lete, and that the signal <-ompany has in its jmssi'ssiou signal instruments, 
not, perhai)s, of much value for military operations, V)ut which have cost a large 
sum of money. 

The changes proposed will obviate the present irregularities and anomalies of organ- 
ization; greatly reduce the exjienses, and give efficiency to this branch of the service 
which now seems to be without form and almost without use. I consider myself 
authorized by the instructions of the 2d instant to make thein, and shall do so as 
rapidly as possible, unless otherwise directed. The reorganization of the fragmentary 
bodies of artillery, cavalry, and infantry will be pushed forward with all possible 
dis])atch. 



Very respei'tfully, your obedient servant, 

H. W. H.M-LECK, Major-General. 
[( Xlicial Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. VIII, p. 434.] 



IRREGULAR ORGANIZATIONS AND APPOINTMENTS. 209 

On December 14, 1861, (xeneral Halleok issued his General Orders, 
No. 25, in which he directed that the members of all corps mustered 
into service without due reoard to the ratio of otticers and men, as 
fixed in the general orders of the War Department, be paid for past 
services actually rendered. In another paragraph of the order he 
announced his plan of reorganization, as follows: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

No. 25. i St. Lonis, Deconher U, 1S61. 

******* 

Y. All incomplete organizations of companies and regiments heretofore mustered 
into service, hut not in accordance with the law and orders regulating the ratio 
between ofticers and men, will l)e reorganized in accordance with the instructions of 
the War Department. 

******* 

By order of Major-General flalleck: 

J. C. Kelton, Asghtaiit Adjutdnt-Gcurral. 

A few days later, on December 19. 1S(U. in a letter addressed to 
Major-General McClellan, (xeneral Halleck said of his proposed 
reorganization: 

The condition of the i-ountry and the state of public feeling here resulting from 
General Fremont's removal excited by designing party politicians rendered it prudent 
to move in this matter slowly and cautiously. The task imposed on me here in 
this chaos of incendiary elements is not an easy one, and those at a distance who can 
not understand the real condition of affairs should not be hasty in judging of my 
conduct, and, above all, thev should not embarrass me by unnecessary interference. 

[Ibid., p. 449.] 

By the discharge of the staff ofScers appointed by General Fremont, 
the consolidation of fragmentary organizations, the disbandment of 
those unauthorized by lavr, the muster out of such organizations as 
had been accepted with unauthorized conditions of service, and the 
commissioning bv the governor of the otticers of reoimental oro-aniza- 
tions retained in service, which was done at General Halleck's request, 
the task of "' reducing chaos to order" was tinally accomplished. The 
evil eft'ects of General Fremont's irregular and unlawful proceedings 
were, however, manifest long nfter his relinquishment of the command 
of the Western Department, as is apparent elsewhere in this paper, 
especially in that portion of it devoted to the United States Reserve 
Corps, three j'ears' service. 

S. Doc. 412 14 



LISTS OF UNION ORGANIZATIONS. 



211 



LIST OF MISSOURI ORGANIZATIONS REGULARLY 
MUSTERED INTO THE MILITARY SERVICE OF THE 
UNITED STATES OR RECOGNIZED BY THE WAR 
DEPARTMENT AS HAVING BEEN IN THAT SERVICE." 



CAVALRY. 



First Regiment, Missouri State Militia. 

First Battalion, Missouri State Militia, old, (Became Companies A to 

F, First Cavalry Regiment, Missouri State Militia.) 
First Battalion, Missouri State Militia, new. 
First Battalion, United States Reserve Corps, three years' service. 

(Also known as Hollan Horse; consolidated with Fourth and Fifth 

Cavalry regiments, three years' volunteers.) 
First Regiment, three years' volunteers. 

First Battalion, three years' volunteers. (Bowen's Battalion.) 
First Battalion, Western Cavalry, three years' volunteers. (Also 

known as Fremont Hussars; became part of Fourth Cavalry, three 

3'ears' volunteers.) 
Second Regiment, Missouri State Militia. 
Second Battalion, Missouri State Militia, old. (Consolidated with 

Fourth and Eighth Cavalry regiments, Missouri State Militia.) 
Second Battalion, Missouri State Militia, new. 
Second Regiment, three years' volunteers. (Also known as Merrill's 

Horse.) 
Third Regiment, Missouri State Militia, old. (Consolidated with Sixth 

and Seventh Cavalry regiments, Missouri State Militia.)'' 
Third Regiment, Missouri State Militia, new. 

Third Battalion, Missouri State Militia. (Became part of Third Cav- 
alry Regiment, old, Missouri State Militia.) 
Third Regiment, three years' volunteers. 
Fourth Regiment, Missouri State Militia. 
Fourth Battalion, Missouri State Militia. (One company transferred to 

First Infantry Regiment, M.issouri State ]Militia; remainder became 

First Cavalry Battalion, Missouri State Militia, new.) 
Fourth Regiment, three years' volunteers. 
Fifth Regiment, Missouri State Militia, old.'' 

"The Missouri State Militia, although not actually in the military nervice of the 
United States, has a status so nearly assimilated to that of troojis in the United States 
service that it has been int-luded in this list. For information as to the status of the 
Missouri State iNIilitia. see narrative statement, p. 21. 

••This regiment was broken up February 2, 18t)3, and on the same date the Tenth 
was designated the Tliird Cavalry, ^lissuuri State Militia. 

" This regiment was discontinued February 2, 1863, and on the same date the Thir- 
teenth was designated the Fifth Cavalrv, ?iIissouri State ^lilitia. 

213 



214 MISSOURI TROOPS — UNKW. 

Fifth Regiment, Missouri State Militia, new. 

Fifth Battalion, Missouri State Militia. (Consolidated with Sixth Cav- 
alry Keo-iment and Sixth Cavalry Battalion. Missouri State Militia.) 

Fifth Regiment, three years' volunteers. (Consolidated with Fourth 
Cavalry Regiment, three years' volunteers.) 

Fifth Independent Battalion, three 3'ears"' volunteers. (Also known as 
Berry's Battalion.) 

Sixth Reginient, Missouri State ]Militia. 

Sixth Battalion, oVIissouri State ]SIilitia. (Also known as Boonville 
Battalion; consolidated with Thirteenth Cavalry, and First Infantry, 
Missouri State ]Militia.) 

Sixth Regiment, Provisional Enrolled Missouri Militia, twenty months. 
(Became ihe Sixteenth Cavalry, twent}' months' volunteers.) 

Sixth Regiment, three j^ears' volunteers. 

Seventh Regiment, Missouri State Militia. 

Seventh Battalion, Missouri State Militia. (Became a part of the 
Second Cavalry Regiment, Missouri State Militia.) 

Seventh Regiment, Provisional Enrolled Missouri Militia, twenty 
months. (Became the Fifteenth Cavalry Regiment, twenty months' 
volunteers.) 

Seventh Regiment, three 3'ears' volunteers. 

Eighth Regiment, Missouri State Militia. 

Eighth Battalion, Missouri State Militia. (Became part of Fourth 
Cavalry Regiment, Missouri State Militia.) 

Eighth Regiment, three years* volunteers. 

ISJinth Regiment, Missouri State Militia. 

Ninth Battalion, Missouri State Militia. (Became part of Fifth Cav- 
alry Regiment, old, Missouri State Militia.) 

Ninth Regiment, three years' volunteers. (Transferred to Third and 
Tenth Cavalry Regiments, three years' volunteers.) 

Tenth Regiment, Missouri State ^lilitia." 

Tenth Battalion, Missouri State Militia. (Became part of Tenth Cav- 
alry Regiment, Missouri State Militia.) 

Tenth Regiment, three years' volunteers. 

Eleventh Regiment, Missoui'i State Militia. (Consolidated with the 
Second Cavalry Regiment, Missouri State Militia.) 

Eleventh Battalion. Missouri State Militia. (Became part of Twelfth 
Cavalry Regiment, Missouri State Militia.) 

Eleventh Regiment, three 3'ears' volunteers. 

Twelfth Regiment, Missouri State Militia. (Consolidated with the 
Third, new, and Fifth Cavalrv regiments. Missouri State Militia.) 

Twelfth Regiment, three years' volunteers. 

Thirteenth Regiment, Missouri State Militia.'' 

ThirtecMith Regiment, three years' volunteers.'' 

Fourteenth Regiment Missouri, State Militia. (Also kjiown as ^loun- 
tain or jNIounted Rangers; consolidated with the Fourth and Eighth 
Cavalry regiments, Missoui'i State Militia.) 

"On February 2, 1863, this regiment was designated the Third Cavalry, new, 
Missouri State Militia, the original Third Cavalrv having been lir<,>ken up on that 
date. 

''On February 2, ISHM, this reuinient was designated the Fifth Cavalry, new, 
Missouri State Militia, the original Fifth Cavalrv having l)een discontinued on that 
date. 

"This regiment was composed of veteran VI ijuuteers reenlii^ted from the Missouri 
State Militia regiments. 



OEGANIZATIONS IN U. S. SEEVICE. 215 

Fourteenth Regiment, three years' vohinteers." 

Fifteenth Reg'iment, twenty months' voh^nteers. 

Sixteenth Regiment, twenty months' volunteers. 

Benton Hussars. (Became part of the Fifth Cavalr}', three 3"ears' 
volunteers. ) 

Berry's Battalion. (Fifth Independent Battalion, three years' vol- 
unteers.) 

Black Hawk Battalion. (Became part of the Seventh Cavalrj', three 
years' volunteers.) 

Boonville Battalion. (Sixth (Cavalry Battalion. Missouri State Militia.) 

Bowen's Battalion. (Also known as First Battalion, three j^ears' vol- 
unteers: l)ecame part of Ninth Cavalry, three years' volunteers.) 

Burris's Unattached Company. (Became Compan}^ I, First Cavalry 
Regiment, Missouri State Militia.) 

Cass County Home Guard Regiment, three }'ears' volunteers. 

Dade County Squadron. Captain Switzler. (Company A, Fremont 
Battalion.) 

Dade County Squadron, Captain Wright. (Company D, Fremont 
Battalion.) 

Fremont Battalion. (Became part of Sixth Cavalry Regiment, three 
years' volunteers.) 

Fremont's Body Guard Battalion, three years' volunteers. 

Fremont Hussars. (First Western Cavalry Battalion, three years' 
volunteers.) 

Fremont Rangers, IIJino!s. (Became part of Third Cavalry Regiment, 
three years' volunteers.) 

Goerisch's Company. (Cavalry Company L, Second Infantry Regi- 
ment, United States Reserve Corps, three years' service; became 
Company B, First Cavahy Battalion, United States Reserve Corps, 
three years' service.) 

Hawkins's Independent Company. (Became Company F, Sixth Cav- 
alry Regiment, three years' volunteers.) 

Hawk's Independent Company. (Attached to Twenty-second Infantry 
Battalion, three years' volunteers; became Company I, Seventh Cav- 
alry Regiment, three years' volunteers.) 

Hollan Horse. (First Cavalry Battalion, United States Reserve Corps, 
three years' service.) 

Humphrey's Independent Compan3\ (Attached to the Eighteenth 
Infantry Regiment; })ecame Company M, Seventh Cavalry Regi- 
ment, three years' volunteers.) 

Johnson's Unattached Company. (Became Company L, First Cavalry 
Regiment, Missouri State Militia.) 

Kaltenl^ach's Company. (Cavalry Company L, Fifth Infantry Regi- 
ment, United States Reserve Corps, three 3'ears' service; became 
Company C, First Cavalry Battalion, United States Reserve Corps, 
three years' service.) 

Kansas Rangers. (Also known as Mounted Rangers; became part of 
Union Rangers.) 

Loring's Independent Company. (Attached to Eighteenth Infantry 
Regiment, three years' volunteers: became Company K, Seventh 
Cavalry Regiment, three years' volunteers.) 

"This regiment \va.>^ partially composed of veteran volunteers reenlisted from the 
Missouri State Militia regiments. 



216 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

Love's Independent Company. (Attached to Eighteenth Infantiy 
Regiment, three years' volunteers: became Company L. Seventh 
Cavalry Regiment, three vears' vohmteers. ) 

Melter's Company. (Attached to First Infantry Regiment, United 
States Reserve Corps, three months' service.) 

Melter's Company. Dragoons, First Infantry, United States Reserve 
Corps, three years* service. (Became Company A, First Cavalry 
Battalion, United States Reserve Corps, three years" service.) 

^Merrill's Horse. (Second Cavalry Regiment, three years' volunteers.) 

Mounted or Mountain Rangers. (Fourteenth Cavalry Regiment, Mis- 
souri State Militia.) 

Mounted Rangers. (Kansas Rangers.) 

Peery's Unattached Company. (Became Company K, First Cavalry 
Regiment. Missouri State Militia.)- 

Prairie Scouts. (Companies C and L. First Cavalry Regiment, three 
years' volunteers, and Xaughton's Irish Dragoons. Twenty-third 
intitols Regiment.) 

Red Rovers. (Became Companv I, Tenth Cavalrv Regiment. ^Missouri 
State Militia.) 

Scholield Hussars. (Became Company I. Thirteenth Cavalrv Regi- 
ment, Missouri State Militia.) 

Siegler's Company. (Cavalrv Company L, Third Infantry Regiment, 
United States Reserve Corps, three years' service; became Com- 
pany E. First Cavalrv Battalion, United States Reserve Corps, 
three years' service.) 

Smallwood's Company, Scouts and Guides, three months' volunteers. 

Sobolaski's Independent Company of Lancers, three years' volunteers. 

Stewart's Battalion, three years' volunteers. 

Union Rangers. (Part of AVood's Battalion, three years' volunteers.) 

Warren County Battalion. (Part of Tenth Cavalrv Regiment. Mis- 
souri State Militia.) 

Wenkel's Company. (Cavalrv Company ^I. Fifth Infantry Regiment. 
United States Reserve Corps, three years' service: became Company 
D, First Cavalrv Battalion, United States Reserve Corps, three 
years' service.) 

Winter's Independent Company. (Attached to Twenty-second Infantrj" 
Battalion, three years' volunteers; became Company H, Seventh 
Cavalrv Regiment, three years' volunteers.) 

Wood's Battalion, three years' volunteers. (Consolidated with the Sixth 
Cavalry Regiment, three years' volunteers.) 

ARTILLERY. 

First Battery. Missouri State Militia. 

First Regiment, United States Reserve Corps, three years' service." 

(Became Second Artiller\' Regiment, three years' volunteers.) 
First Regiment. Light, three years' volunteers. 
First Flving liattiM-y, three years' volunteers. (Company F, Second 

Artillery R(>ginient, three years' volunteers.) 
Second Regiment, three vears' volunteers.'' 



"This regiment was composed of 12 companies of heavy artillery and 3 light 
batteries. 

''This regiment was originally composed of 12 companies of heavy artillery and 3 
light batteries. By reorganization it became a light-artillery regiment, composed of 
12 batteries. 



ORGANIZATIONS IN U. S. SERVICE. 217 

Arthur's Batteiy. (Batteiy G, Second Artillery Kegiment. three 

years" volunteer;?.) 
Atwater's Battery. (Battery E, First Artillery Regiment, three 3'ears' 

volunteers.) 
Backof s Battalion, three months' militia. 1861. 
Backof's Battery. (Sehotield Li^lit Artillerv, Missouri State Militia.) 
Backof's Battalion, Lig-ht Artillery, three years' volunteers." 
Backof's Battery. (Sehotield Liglit Artillery, three years' volunteers.) 
Boardman's Battery. (Battery M. Second Artillery Regiment, three 

3-ears' volunteers.) 
Buel's Battery. (Became Bulliss's Battery, Light Artillery, three 

years' volunteers.) 
Bulliss's Battery. (Originally Buel's; became Sheldon's Battery, Light 

Artillery, three years' volunteers.) 
Burke's Battery. (Battery K. First Artillery Regiment, three vears' 

volunteers.) 
Callahan's Battery. (Battery H. First Artillery Regiment, three years' 

volunteers.) 
Callender's Battery. (Battery D. First Artiller}- Regiment, three 3'ears' 

volunteers.) 
Cavender's Batter}'. (Battery G. First Artillery Regiment, three years* 

volunteers.) 
Cole's Battery. (Battery E, First Artillery Regiment, three years' 

volunteers.) 
Confare's Battery. (Battery K, Second Artillery Regiment, three 

years' volunteers.) 
Essig's Battery. (Batterv A. Backof's Artillerv Battalion, three 

months' militia. ISHl.) 
Fish's Batteries. (Batteries A. K. and M. First Artiller\' Regiment, 

three years' volunteers.) 
Flagg's Battery. (Battery E, Second Artillery Regiment, three years' 

volunteers.) 
Foust's Battery. (Battery F. First Artillery Regiment, three 3'ears' 

volunteers.) 
Fuchs's Batteries. (Battery L, subsequently 1, and Battery C, Second 

Artillery Regiment, three 3'ears' volunteers.) 
Hescock's Battery. (Battery G. First Artillery Regiment, three years' 

volunteers.) 
Jackson's Battery. (Battery G. Second Artillerv Regiment, three 

vears' volunteers.) 
Johnson's Battery. Horse Artillery. (Became Johnson's Company, 

Unattached Cavalry, Missouri State Militia.) 
Jovce's Batterv. (A temporary organization formed of men detached 

from the Tenth Cavalrv Regiment, three vears' volunteers.) 
Julian's Battery. (Battery I. Second Artillery Regiment, three years' 

volunteers.) 
KnispeFs Battery. (A temporary organization formed of men detached 

from the Fourth (Aivalrv Regiment, three years" volunteers.) 
Kowald's Battery. (Organization not completed: men mustered out 

or transferred to Schwartz's Batterv. lUlnois Artillerv.) 

^This battalion was composed of two iiKlependent batteries', viz, AVelfley's and 
[Mann's. 



218 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

Landgraebers Battery. (First Flying- Batter\ ; originally Pfennig- 

hauscn's; became Battery F, Second Artillery Regiment, three 

years' volunteers.) 
Lovejoy's Howitzer Battery. (A temporar}- organization formed of 

men detached from various companies of the Second Cavalry Regi- 
ment, three years' volunteers.) 
McClanahan's Battery. (A temporary organization formed of men 

detached from the Second Cavalry Regiment, Missouri State Militia.) 
McMurray's Batteries. (Battery- L, First, and Battery L, Second 

Artillery Regiment, three years' volunteers.) 
Mann's Battery. (Battery B, Backof's Artillery Battalion, three years 

volunteers; l^ecame Battery C, First Artillery Reginient, three 

years' volunteers.) 
Manter's Battery. (Battery A, First Artillery Regiment, three 3'ears' 

volunteers.) 
Marr's Batteries. (Batteries K and M, First Artillery Regiment, 

three 3'ears' volunteers.) 
Matthaei's Battery. (Battery C, First Artillery Regiment, three 

years' volunteei's.) 
Maurice's Batteries. (Batteries B and K, First Artillery Regiment, 

three years' volunteers.) 
Millers Battery. (Batterj^ I, First Artiller}- Regiment, three 3'ears' 

volunteers.) 
jSIontgomery's Battery. (Battery H, Second Artillery Regiment, 

three 3'ears' volunteers.) 
Murph3''s Batter3^ (Batter3' F, First Artillerv Regiment, three 3'ears' 

volunteers.) 
Neustaedter's Battery. (Battery C, Backof's Artiller3' Battalion, three 

months' militia, 1861.) 
Nichols's Battery. (Batter3' E, First Artiller3^ Regiment, three 3'ears' 

volunteers.) 
Pfennighausen's Batter3'. (First Independent Batter^', Fl3'ing Artil- 
lerv; became Landgraeber's First Independent Batter3% Fl3'ing 

•Artillery.) 
Powell's Battery. (Batter3' M, First Artiller3' Regiment, three years' 

volunteers.) 
Randol's Battery. (Battery L, First Artillerv Regiment, three vears' 

volunteers.) 
Richardson's Balt(M-v. (Battery D, First Artillery Regiment, three 

3'ears' volunteers.) 
Riemann's Batterv. (Battery A, First Artillerv Regiment, United 

States Res(M've Corps, three vears' service; subsequentlv Batterv L, 

Second Artillery Regiment, three years' volunteers.) 
Rinne's Batterv. (Battery C, Second Artillery Regiment, three years' 

volunteers.) 
Rowland's Battery. (Batterv K, Second Artillerv Regiment, three 

vears' volunteers.) 
Schaerrt's Batterv. (Battery D, Second Artillerv Regiment, three 

vears' volunteers.) 
Scliotield's Batterv. (Batterv A. First Artillerv Regiment, three 

yeai's' volunteers.) 
Schotield Light .A.rtillery. Missouri State Militia. 
Schofield Light Artillery, three years' volunteers. (Became Batter3' 

L. First Light Artillery Regiment, three years' volunteers.) 



ORGANIZATIONS IN U. S. SERVICE. 219 

Schwarz'.s Btitterv. (Battery E, Second xVrtillerv Regiment, three 
3"ears' volunteers.) 

Sheldon's Battery. (Previously Buer> ajid Bulliss's; became Bat- 
ter}' I, First Artillery Kegimcnt. three years' volunteers.) 

Simonton's Battery. (Battery B, Second Artillery Regiment, three 
years' volunteei's.) 

Stange's Batteries. (Battery C, First Artillery Regiment, Ignited 
States Reserve Corps, three years' serv.ce, and Batteries E and M, 
Second Artillery Regiment, three years' volunteers.) 

Stone's Batteries. (Batteries C and K, First Artillery Regiment, three 
years' volunteers.) 

Strodtman's Batteries. (Batteries A and G. Second Artilierv Regi- 
ment, three years' volunteers.) 

Sutter's Battery. (Battery B, Second Artillery Regiment, three years' 
volunteers.) 

Tannrath's Battery. (Battery I, First Artillery Regiment, three years' 
volunteers.) 

Thurber's Batteries. (First Battery, Missouri State Militia — origi- 
nally Wachsman's — and Battery L, Second Artillery Regiment, 
three 3'ears' volunteers.) 

Thurneck's Battery. (Battery B, First Artillery Regiment, United 
States Reserve Corps, three years' service.) 

Tiemever's Battery. (Batterv M, First Artillery Regiment, three 
3'ears' volunteers.) 

Troll's Battery. (Battery A, Second Artillery Regiment, three years' 
volunteers.) 

Voelkner's Batterv. (Batterv F, Second Artilierv Regiment, three 
years' volunteers.) 

Wachsman's Battery. (First Batterv, Missouri State Militia, and 
Batterv A, Second Artilierv Regiment, three vears' volunteers.) 

Weliiey's Battery. (Battery A, Backofs Artillery Battalion, three 
years' volunteers: became Batter}- B, First Artillery Regiment, 
three years' volunteers.) 

AVelker's Battery. (Battery H. First Artillery Regiment, three 
vears' volunteers.) 

Wilkins's Battery, (Battery B, P>ackof's Artillery Battalion, three 
months' militia, iStJl.) 

Yates's Battery. (Battery H, First Artillery Regiment, three years' 
volunteers.) 

INFANTRY. 

First Regiment, three months' militia, ISGl. (Also known as Ger- 
man Turners: composed of 12 companies, 2 of which were known as 
Companies A and B, RiHe Battalion.) 

First Regiment, ^Missouri State Militia. 

First Regiment. Enrolled ^Missouri Militia. (Three companies in 
United States service thirty days in 1864.) 

First Regiment, United States Reserve Corps, three months' scr\ice. 
(Composed of 12 companies.) 

First Regiment, United States Reserve Corps, three years' service. 

First Regiment, three years' volunteers. (Became First Artillery 
Regiment, three years" volunteers.) 

First Regiment, Rities. (Eleventh Infantry, three years' volunteers.) 



220 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

First Northeast Battalion, three years' volunteers.'' 
Second Reg'inient, three months' militia. 1861. 

Second Regiment, United States Reserve Corps, three months' service. 
Second Regiment, United States Reserve Corps, three years' service. 
Second Regiment, three vears' volunteers. (Also known as Asboth 
^ Rifles.) 

Second Northeast Battalion, three years" volunteers.'' 
Second Regiment, Rifles. (Twelfth Infantry, three years' volunteers.) 
Third Reg-iment, three months' militia, 1S61. (Composed of 12 compa- 
nies, 2 of which were known as Companies A and B. Rifle Battalion.) 
Third Regiment. United States Reserve Corps, three months' service. 
Third Regiment, United States Reserve Corps, three years' service. 

(Consolidated with the Gasconade County Infantry Battalion, United 

States Reserve Corps, three years' service, to form the Fourth 

Infantry Regiment, three years' volunteers.) 
Third Regiment, three 3'ears' volunteers. 
Fourth Reg-inient, three months' militia, 1861. (Also known as 

Schwarze or Black Jager Reg-iment; composed of 12 companies, 2 of 

which were known as Companies L and M, Ritie Battalion.) 
Fourth Regiment, United States Reserv^e Corps, three months' service. 

(Composed of 12 companies, 2 of which were known as Companies 

L and M, Rifle Battalion.) 
Fourth Regiment, Ignited States Reserve Corps, three years' service^ 
Fourth Reg-iment, three years' volunteers. 
Fifth Regiment, three months' militia, 1861. 

Fifth Regiment, United States Reserve Corps, three months' service. 
Fifth Regiment, United States Reserve Corps, three years' service^ 

(Became the Fifth Infantr}' Regiment, three years' volunteers.) 
Fifth Regiment, three years' volunteers. 
Sixth Regiment, three years' volunteers. 
Seventh Regiment, three years' volunteers. (Also known as Irish 

Seventh.) 
Eighth Regiment, three vears' volunteers. (Also knowMi as American 

Zouaves.) 
Ninth Regiment, three j'ears' volunteers. (Also known as Zouaves; 

became Fift3"-ninth Illuiois Infantry.) 
Tenth Regiment, three years' volunteers. 
Elev(Mith Reg-iment, three 3'ears' volunteers. (Also known as First 

RcginuMit, RiHcs.) 
Twelfth Regiment, three 3'ears' volunteers. (Also known as Second 

R<'gini('nt, Rifles.) 
Thirteenth Regiment, three 3-ears' volunteers, old. (Also known as 

U])per Tliirteenth; l)ecame Twenty-fifth Inf'antiy Regiment, threi^ 

years' volunteers.) 
Thirteenth Regiment, three vears' volunteers, new. (Became Twcnt3'- 

second Ohio Volunteers.) 
Fourteenth RegiuKMit, three years' volunteers. (Also known as Birge's 

or \\'est('rn Sharpshooters ; became Sixty-sixth I lUnots Infantrv.) 
Fifteenth Regiment, three vears' volunteers. (Also known as Swiss 

Rides.) 

*The First and Second Northeast battalions mentioned in this list were consoli- 
dated to form the Twenty-first Missouri Infantry, three years' volunteers. They 
are separate and distinct from the oriianizations of the same desiirnations mentioned 
in the list of Home (Juard oriranizatioiis paid tlironich the a;j;ency of the IIa\vkin^ 
Taylor Commission. 



ORGANIZATIONS IN U. S. SP:RVICE. 221 

Sixteenth Kegiment, three years' vohinteers. (Organization not com- 
pleted: Company A became Company A. Twenty-seventh Infantry 
Keg-iment, three years" vokinteers: the remaining members of the 
regiment were assigned to I Hi no! x regiments.) 

Seventeenth Kegiment. three years' vokinteers. (Also known as 
"Western Turner Rifles.) 

Eighteenth Regiment, three years' volunteers. (Also known as Morgan 
Rangers.) 

Nineteenth Regiment, three 3'ears' volunteers. (Also known as Lj'on 
Regiment; 4 companies organized: consolidated with Third Infantry 
ReginHMit, three years' volunteers.) 

Twenty-lirst Regiment, three years' volunteers.-' 

Twent3'-second Battalion, three years' volunteers. (Consolidated with 
Tenth and Twenty-fourth Infantry Regiments, three 3'ears' volun- 
teers.) 

Twentv-third Regiment, three years' volunteers. 

Twenty-fourth Regiment, three years' volunteers, (Also known as 
Lyon Legion.) 

Twent3"-tifth Regiment, three vears' volunteers. (Consolidated with 
the Engineer Regiment of the West to form the First Engineer 
Regiment, three years' volunteers.) 

Twenty -sixth Regiment, three years' volunteers. 

Twentv-seventh Regiment, three years' volunteers. 

Twent3'-seventh Regiment, Mounted Infantry, three years' volunteers. 
(Also known as Johnson County Home Guards.) . 

Twentv-eighth Regiment, three vears' volunteers. (Organization not 
completed: changed to form Tenth Cavalry Regiment, three 3"ears' 
volunteers.) 

Twenty-ninth Regiment, three years' volunteers. 

Thirtieth Regiment, three 3'ears' volunteers. (Also known as Sham- 
rock Regiment.) 

Thirty-first Regiment, three 3'ears' volunteers.'' 

Thirtv-second Regiment, three vears' volunteers.'' 

Thirty-third Regiment, three years' volunteers. (Also known as Mer- 
chants' Regiment.) 

Thirty-fourth Regiment, three vears' volunteers. (Organization not 
completed: consolidated with Thirtieth Regiment.) 

Thirtv-tifth Regiment, three years' volunteers. 

Thirty-sixth Regiment, three years' volunteers. (Organization not 
completed; consolidated with Thirty-second Infantrv, three years' 
volunteers.) 

Thirty-seventh Regiment, three years' volunteers, (Organization not 
completed: one officer mustered in and out of service: no record of 
enlisted men.) 

Thirty-eighth Regiment, three years' volunteers, (Organization not 
completed; officers nuistered out: no record of enlisted men,) 

Thirty-ninth Regiment, six and twelve months' volunteers. 

" The Twentieth Regiment was not organized. The Twenty-first Regiment was 
formed l)y consolidation of the First and Second Northeast Infantry battalions, three 
years' volunteers. 

'' The Tliirty-first and Thirty-second Infantry, three years' volunteers, were con- 
solidated into a battalion known as the Consolidated Battalion, Thirty-first and 
Thirty-second Missouri Volunteers, subsequently designated the Thirty-second 
Infantry Regiment, three years' volunteers. 



222 MISSOUEI TROOPS UNION. 

Fortieth Keo-imont, twelve month.s' volunteers. 

Forty-Hrst KeL^-iment, twelve months' volunteers. 

Forty-second Regiment, six and twelve months' volunteers. 

Fort3'-third Reg-iment, twelve months' volunteers. 

Forty-fourth Regiment, six and twelve months' volunteers. 

Forty-tifth Regiment, six and twelve months' volunteers. 

FortN'- sixth Regiment, six months' volunteers. 

Forty-seventh Regiment, six months' volunteers. 

Forty-eighth Regiment, six and twelve months' volunteers. 

Forty-ninth Regiment, twelve months' volunteers. • 

Fiftieth Regiment, six and twelve months' volunteers. 

Fift^^-iirst Regiment, twelve months' volunteers.'^ 

Sixt3'-third Regiment, Enrolled Missouri Militia. (Four companies in 
United States service in i8()4.) 

American Zouaves. (Eighth Infantry Regiment, three 3'ears* volun- 
teers.) 

Asboth Rifles. (Second Infantry Regiment, three j-ears' volunteers.) 

Bayles's Independent Company, Rities, three months' militia, 1861. 
(Also known as Lyon Guard.) 

Benton Cadets (regiment), three 3'ears' volunteers. 

Birge's Sharpshooters. (Fourteenth Infantry Regiment, three 3'ears' 
volunteers.) 

Black Jager. (Fourth Infantry Regiment, three months' militia, 1861.) 

B3a'ne's Unattached Company, Missouri State Militia. (Became Com- 
pany A, First Infantry Regiment, Missouri State Militia.) 

Dietrich's Independent Companv, United States Reserve Corps, three 
3^ears' service. 

Gasconade Count3' Battalion, United States Reserve Corps, three 
3'ears' service. (Consolidated with the Third Infantry Regiment, 
United States Reserve Corps, three 3'ears' service, to form the 
Fourth Infantry Regiment, three 3'ears' volunteers.) 

German Turners. (First Infantry Regiment, three months' militia.) 

Holman's Battalion (sharpshooters), throe years' volunteers. (Con- 
solidated with the Twent3'-sixth Infantr3' Regiment, three 3^ears' 
volunteers.) 

Irish Seventh. (Seventh Infantry Regiment, three vears' volunteers.) 

Kansas Cit3^ Battalion, United States Reserve Corps. (Van Horn's 
Battalion, United States Reserve Corps, three years' service.) 

Kendrick Guards. (Company I, First Infantry Regiment, Missouri 
State Militia.) 

King's Independent (Jompany A. Railroad Patrol Guard, United States 
Reserve Corps, three 3'ears' service. (Also known as Railroad 
Patrol Guard.) 

Krekel's l^attalion. L'nited States Reserve Corps, three years' service. 

Lvon Guard. (Ba3'les's Independent Company, Rifles, three months' 
militia, 1861.) 

Lyon Legion. (Twent3'-fourth Infantrv' Regiment, three years' vol- 
unteers.) 

Lyon R(»giment. (Nineteenth Infantry Regiment, three 3'ears' volun- 
teers.) 

" RecruitiiifiC was hejinn for the Fifty-secoiul to the Fifty-sixth Regiment, inclusive, 
but none of tliese iv^iiuents was eonipleteil, and the recruits were assigned to the 
Fiftv-tirst I\('''iiiient. 



ORGANIZATIONS IN U. S. SERVICE. 22^ 

Marion Battalion, United States Reserve Corps, three 3'ears' service. 
(Companies C and D became Companies D and C, respectiveh', of 
the Twenty-second Infantry Battalion, three 3'ears' volunteers. See 
also Marion County oro-iiiiization. Home Guards.) 

Merchants' Regiment. (Tliirty-third Infantr}' Regiment, three years' 
volunteers.) 

]\Iorgan Rangers. (Eighteenth Infantry Regiment, three j^ears" vol- 
unteers.) 

Osterhaus's Battalion, three tnonths' militia, IStJl. (Also known as 
Ritie Battalion; attached to Second Regiment, three months' militia.) 

Phelps's Regiment, six months' volunteers. 

Railroad Patrol Guard. (King's Independent Company, United 
States Reserve Corps, three veai's' service.) 

Schwarze Jager. (Fourth Infantry Regiment, three months' militia, 
lS»il.) 

Shamrock Regiment. (Thirtieth Infantry Regiment, three years' 
volunteers.) 

Swiss Rifles. (Fifteenth Infantry Regiment, three 3' ears' volunteers.) 

Upper Thirteenth. (Thirteenth Infantrv Regiment, old, three 3'ears' 
volunteers.) 

Van Horn's Battalion, United States Reserve (^orps, three years' serv- 
ice. (Also known as Kansas Cit3^ Battalion, United States Reserve 
Corps.) 

Western Sharpshooters. (Fourteenth Infantr3' Regiment, three 3^ears' 
volunteers.) 

Western Turner Rities. (Seventeenth Infantr3' Regiment, three 3'ears' 
volunteers.) 

Zouaves. (Ninth lnfantr3' Regiment, three 3"ears' volunteers.) 

ENGINEERS. 

First Regiment, three years' volunteers. 

Engineer Regiment of the West, three years' volunteers. (Consoli- 
dated with the Twenty -fifth Infantry Regiment, three years' volun- 
teers, to form the First Engineer Regiment, three 3"ears' volunteers.) 

PIONEERS. 

Voerster's Independent Company, three months' militia, 1861. 

PIONEERS, SAPPERS AND MINERS. 

Gerster's Company A, three vears' volunteers. (Became Company 
H, Fifth Infantr3^ Regiment, three years' volunteers.) 

PONTONIERS. 

Winklemaier's Compan3', three 3'ears' vohuiteers. (Became Company 
K, Fifth Infantiy Regiment, three 3'ears' volunteers.) 

SAPPERS AND MINERS. 

Balz's Companj'^, three 3^ ears' volunteers. 

Veith's Company, Missouri State M.ilitia. (Became Compan3" H, First 
Infantry Regiment, ^Missouri State Militia.) 



224 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

SAPPERS. MINERS, AND PONTONIERS. 

Voerster'.s Company, three 3^ear8' volunteers. (Became Compuny 1. 
Fifth Infuntrv Reghiient, three years' volunteers.) 

TELEGRAPH CORPS. 

Smith's Company, three years' volunteers. 

HOME GUARDS, IStil. 
[Called into active service and paid through the agency of the Hawkins Taylor Commission.] 

First Reo-inient, Northeast Missouri, consisting- of -i cavalry and 12 
infantry companies. 

First Keg'iment, United States Reserve Corps. (Also known as Union 
Home Guards, and Cole County Home 'Guards.) 

Second Regiment, Northeast Missouri. (Also known as Knox Count}' 
Home Guards.) 

Fourteenth Battalion, Missouri Volunteers. 

Fifteenth Battalion. United States Reserve Corps. (Also known as 
Polk County Home Guards.) 

Adair County Company. (Shibley's Point Home Guards.) 

Adair County Company, commanded by Capt. James E. Gordon. 

Alexandria Home Guard Cavalry. (Company C, First Northeast 
Missouri Regiment.) 

Benton County Battalion, commanded by Col. Henry Imhauser. (Also 
known as German Battalion.) 

Boonville Battalion Reserve Corps, commanded by Maj. Joseph A. 
Eppstein. 

Boonville Reserve Corps, Independent Company A, commanded by 
Capt. Joseph A. Eppstein. 

Boonville Company, commanded by Capt. Frederick W. Becker. 

Brooktield Company, commanded b}' Capt. AVatson E. Crandall. (Also 
known as Independent Company A, Missouri Reserve Corps. See 
Linn County Company.) 

Caldwell County Company, commanded by Capt. Moses L. James. 

Caldwell County Company, conunanded hy Capt. Ed. D. Johnson. 

Caldwell County Company (cavalry), commanded by Capt. Washing- 
ton T. Fillson. 

Caldwell County Independent Compan}', commanded by Capt. James 
R. Murphy. (Shoal Creek Rangers.) 

Cape Girardeau County Battalion, commanded by ]Maj. George H. 
Cramer. 

Cape Girardeau Battalion, commanded l)v Lieut. Col. Lindsav Mur- 
doch. (Also known as Fremont Rangers Battalion.) 

Carondelet Company, United States Reserve Corps, commanded ])y 
Capt. Henry Nagel. (Also known as United States Reserve Corps, 
Independent Company A; became Compan}- F, Fifth Infantr}' Regi- 
ment, United States Reserve Corps, three 3'ears' service.) 

Ca.ss County Company, commanded l)v Capt. Aaron Thomas. 

Christian County. (See (xreene and Christian Counties organization.) 

Clinton County Company. conunand(>d l)v Capt. William A. Edgar. 

Clinton County Company, conimanded by Ca])t. Hugh L. W . Rogers. 

Cole County liegiment, conmiaiuk^d by Col. Allen P. Richardson. 
(First United States RestM've Corps, Home Guards.) 

Dade County Coin]:)any. commanded by Capt. Theodore A. Switzler. 
(Al.so known as Fremont Rangers.) 



ORGANIZATIONS IN U. S. SERVICE. 225 

Dallas Countv Battalion, coimiianded In' Col. AVilliam B. Edwards. 
De Soto Company, coiiiinanded b}- Capt. Allen Cook. (Also known 

as Jetl'erson County Company.) 
Doiig-las Count}" Company (cavalry), commanded by Capt. John S. 

Upshaw. 
Franklin Countv Battalion, conmianded by Maj. William C. Inks. 

(Pacific City Battalion.) 
Franklin Countv Battalion, Reserve Corps, commanded by Col. James 

W. Owens. 
Fremont Kanoers, Independent Compan}-, commanded by Capt. Wil- 
liam J. Bucld. 
Fremont Rangers Battalion. (Cape (jirardeau Battalion.) 
Fremont Rang-ers. (Dade County Company.) 
Gasconade Count}' Battalion, commanded by Lieut. Col. Julius 

Hundhausen. 
Gasconade County Battalion, commanded by Col. James A. Matthews. 
Gentry County Battalion, commanded by Col. Manlove Cranor. 
German Battalion. (Benton County Battalion.) 
Greene County Company, commanded l)y Capt. Colley B. Holland. 
Greene and Christian Counties organization, consisting of 14 companies, 

commanded by Col. John S. Phelps. 
Harrison County Regiment, conmianded by Col. Henry O. Nevill. 
Hickory County Battalion, conunanded by Maj. J. B. Hastain. 
Jetterson County Company. (De Soto Company.) 
Johnson County Regiment, commanded ))y Col. James D. Eads." 
Johnson County Company, commanded by Capt. John P. McCluney. 
Knox Countv Regiment. (Second Regiment, Northeast Missouri 

Home Guards.) 
Lawrence County Battalion, commanded by Col. James C. Martin.' 
Lawrence County Cavalry Companv, commanded by Capt. Peter F. 

Clark. 
Lawrence County Company. (Stone Prairie Company.) 
Lexington County Company, commanded by Capt. Frederick R. Neet. 

(Company K, Fourteenth Battalion, Home Guards.) 
Linn County Company, commanded l)v Capt. Robert McCollum. 
Linn County Company. (Brooktield Company.) 
Livingston County Company, commanded by Capt. Peter Sutliti'. 
Marion County organization, consisting- of Company A, commanded 

by Capt. Joseph Loomis, and Company B, commanded by C'apt. 

Louis Souther. 
Missouri Reserve Corps, Independent Company A. (Brooktield Com- 
pany.) 
Moniteau County Company, commanded by Capt. John F. Potholi'. 
Modaway County Battalion, commanded by Col. William J. W. Bickett. 
Osag"e County Battalion, commanded by ^laj. Chesley Glover. 
Osage County Company B, Independent, commanded by Capt. John 

B. Cooper. 

*Only the field and staff of this regiment were paid by the Hawkins Taylor Com- 
mission. The regiment became the Twenty-seventh Mounted Infantry, three years' 
volunteers. 

^ It appears that there were four companies organized under the connnand of 
Maj. Josiah Hunt, but only Companies A and B were paid by the Hawkins Taylor 
Commission. Companies C and D became Companies D anil C, respectively, of the 
Twenty-second Infantry Battalion, three years' volunteers. 

S. Doc. -1:12 15 



226 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

Osage and Hit-korv County organization, consisting of IT companies, 
commanded ))y Col. Josepli ^^^ McCliirg. 

Ozark County Company-, connnanded ))V Capt. W. F. Martindale. 

Ozark County Company, United States Reserve Corps Ca\'alry. com- 
manded by Capt. Thomas B. S. Stone. (Also known as United 
States Reserve Corps, Company A, Ozark County.) 

Pacific City Battalion. (See Franklin County Battalion.) 

Pettis County Company, commanded b}" Capt. William H. Burke. 

Pettis County Company, connnanded l)y Capt. John P. Tliatcher. 

Pettis County Detachment, Company Ai commanded by Capt. Samuel 
Montgomery. 

Phelps County Company, commanded by Capt. William Wenzel. 

Phelps County Company, commanded by C'apt. John W. Bennight. 

Pike County Battalion, commanded I)}' Col. George W. Anderson. 

Pilot Knob Company, commanded by Capt. Ferdinand Schmitz. 

Polk (Jounty Battalion. (Fifteenth United States Reserve Corps.) 

Potosi County Company, connnanded by Capt. George R. French. 

Putnam County Compan}', conmianded l)}- Capt. James G. Gyles. 

Putnam County Company, commanded by Capt. Hugh Rol)erts. 

l*utnam County Company, commanded by Capt. William H. Bogle. 

Putnam County Company, commanded by Capt. Sylvester S. Collins. 

Putnam County Company. (Shawneetown Company.) 

Schuyler County Company, commanded by Capt. William H. Bolander. 

Scott County Battalion, United States Reserve Corps, commanded by 
Maj. Daniel Abbey. 

Scouts and Guides, Independent Company, commanded by Capt. Wil- 
liam J. Budd.'' 

Shawneetown Company, commanded by Capt. -lames Ewing. (See 
Putnam County Company.) 

Shelby County Company, United States Reserve Corps, commanded 
by Capt. rfoseph II. Fornian. 

Shil)ley"s Point Comi)any, connnanded b}- Capt. Jacol) R. Cook. (See 
Adair County Company.) 

Shoal Creek Rangers, commanded by Capt. James R. Murpln\ (See 
Caldwell County Independent Company.) 

Spies, Scouts, and Messengers, Independent Company, commanded by 
Capt. John M. Richardson.'^ 

St. Charles County Regiment, commanded ])y Col. Arnold Krekel. 

Stone County Battalion, commanded by Col. Asa G. Smith. 

Stone Count}' Company, Independent, connnanded b}- Capt. James 
M. Moore. 

Stone Prairie Company, commanded by Capt. »lohn Sexton. (Also 
known as Lawrence County Company.) 

Sullivan County Company, connnanded ])y Capt. Victor Doze. 

Sullivan County Company', connnanded ])v Capt. rJames W. Cooper. 

Sullivan County Compain', connnanded by Cai)t. William S. Meals. 

Sullivan County Company, connnanded l)y Capt. Aaron P. Connaughty. 

Union Home Guards. (First United States Reserve Corps.) 

United States Reserve Corps, Independent Company A. (Carondelet 
Company.) 

United States Reserve Corps Cavalry, Company A, Ozark County. 
(Ozark County Company.) 

W^ebster County Battalion, commanded by Col. Noah H. Hampton. 

"Though not Home (iuanls, this conii)any was paid on the report of the Hawkins 
Tavlor Commission. 



LIST OF MISSOURI ORGANIZATIONS OF MILITIA, 
CITIZEN GUARDS, AND MARINE CORPS NOT IN 
THE MILITARY SERVICE OF THE UNITED STATES.* 



SIX MONTHS MILITIA.' 

First Biittaliou (All)iii\s). 

Second Battalion (Cox's). 

Third Regiment (Dallnieyer's). 

Third Battalion (Joseph's). 

Fourth Regiment (Simpson's). 

Fourth Battalion (Thompson's). 

Fifth Regiment (Fagg's). 

Sixth Regiment (Cranor's). 

Sixth Battalion (Burris's). 

Seventh Battalion (Harrison County). 

Albin's Battalion. (Also known as First Battalion.) 

Brewer's Independent Company. (Attached to Simpson's Regiment.) 

Burris's Battalion. (Also known as Sixth Battalion.) 

Castleman's Independent Companj'. (Attached to Washington Countv 

Battalion.) 
Cox's Battalion. (Also known as Second Battalion.) 
Cochran's Independent Company C. 
Cranor's Regiment. (Also known as Sixth Regiment.) 
Dallmcyer's Regiment. (Also known as Third Regiment.) 
Fagg's Regiment. (Also known as Fifth Regiment.) 
Fenwick's Independent Company. (Attached to Simpson's R-^giment.) 
Grundy County Battalion, conmianded by Lieut. Col. Walter King. 
Harrison County Battalion, commanded by Maj. J. W. Caseboth. 

(Also known as Seventh Battalion.) 
James's Battalion. 

Joseph's Battalion. (Also known as Third Battalion.) 
Kimball's Regiment. 
Leg's Independent Compan}'. 
Man's Independent Compan}. 

"This list was compiled from the official reports of the adjntaiit-ofeneral of the 
State of Missouri, the records of the War Department, and the rolls tiled in the office 
of the Auditor for the War Department upon which the State was reindaursed for 
expenses incurred in the organization and maintenance of its militia. Although 
based upon such data as are accessible to the War Department, it is possible that it 
does not include some organizations that were in the State service, and it is known 
that it does not include some organizations of Citizen and Home Guards whii'h were 
not recognized either as militia of the State or as in the service of the llnite<l States. 
The records of these organizations are very meager, especially of those formed in 
1861 which were not paid through the agency of the Hawkins Taylor Commission. 

"'The rolls upon which the State was reimljursed for expenses incurred are filed 
in the office of the Auditor for the War Department. 

227 



228 MISSOURI TROOPS^UNION 

Mercer County Battalion, commanded ))v Lieut. Col. James J.Clark. 

Murdock's Independent Company. 

Rice\s Independent Company, Light Artiller}-. (Attached to Fagg's 

Regiment.) 
Richardson's Battalion. 

Simpson's Regiment. (Also known as Fourth Regiment.) 
Thompson's Battalion. (Also known as Fourth Battalion.) 
Turley's Independent Company. 

Washington County Battalion, commanded by Lieut. Col. F. B. Elmer. 
Wayne County Cavalry Company, commanded by Capt. P. L. Powers. 

ENROLLED MISSOURI MILITIA." 

First Regiment.'' 

First St. Louis County Cavalry liattalion. 

Second to Thirteenth Regiment, inclusive. 

Sixteenth and Seventeenth regiments. 

Nineteenth and Twentieth regiments. 

Twenty-second to Twenty-fourth Regiment, inclusive. 

Twenty-liffeh Regiment, including an attached l)attalion of 3 addi- 
tional companies. 

Twenly-sixth Regiment. 

Twenty-seventh Regiment, including an additional attached company. 

Twenty-eighth Regiment, including an attached l)attalion of '2 addi- 
tional companies. 

Twenty-ninth to Thirtj-ninth Regiment, inclusive. 

Fortieth ' Regiment, including an attached battalion of 3 additional 
companies. 

Forty-first and Forty-second regiments. 

Forty-third Rc^giment, including an attached battalion of 2 additional 
companies. 

Forty-fourth Regiment, including an attached battalion of 2 additional 
companies. 

Forty-fifth to Fifty-ninth Regiment, inclusive. 

Sixtieth Regiment, including an attached battalion of 2 additional 
companies. 

Sixty-first and Sixty-second regiments. 

Sixty-third Ri^giment. inchiding an additional attached company,'" 

Sixty-fourth Regiment, including an attached battalion of 2 additional 
companies. 

Sixty-tifth to Sixty-eighth Regiment, inclusive. 

Sixty-ninth Regiment, including an attached battalion of 2 additional 
comj^anies. 

Seventieth Regiment. 

Seventy-first Regiment, including an attached battalion of 5 additional 
com})anies. 

Seventy- second and Seventy-third r(\ginients. 

Seventy-fourth Regiment, includingan attached battalion of 2 additional 
companies. 

Seventy-Hfth to Eightj'-ninth Regiment, inclusive. 

■ The rolls upon which the State was reimbursed for expenses incurred are filed 
in the othce of the Auditor for tlie War Department. 

''Three comi)aiiies of the First Regiment were mustered into tlie United States 
service in 1S()4 for thirty days. 

■^Four c(tmpanies of tlie Sixty-third Regiment were mastered into the United 
States service in 1804 for thirty days. 



ORGANIZATIONS NOT IN U. S. SERVICE. 229 

AUensville Company (unattached), connnanded by Capt. David Fonts. 
Andrew County Battalion (name of battalion commander not ascer- 
tained). 
Bollinger Count}" Company (unattached), commanded by Capt. John R. 

Cochran. 
Bollinger County Company (unattached), commanded by Capt. James 

Johnson. 
Bollinger Count}^ Company (unattached), commanded by Capt. George 

W. Reynold. 
Bollinger County Company (unattached), commanded by Capt. James 

Rogers. 
Buchanan County Company (unattached), commanded by Capt. G. E. 

Landry. 
Buchanan County Company (unattached), commanded by Capt. William 

Randall. 
Callaway County Company (unattached), commanded by Capt. Hiram 

Cornell. 
Callaway County Compan\' (unattached), originally commanded by 

Capt. William T. Snell, subsequently by Capt. Isaac T. Snedecor. 
Cass County Company (unattached), commanded by Capt. Alexander 

Robinson. 
Clay County Company (unattached), commanded by Capt. John W. 

Younger. 
Howard County Battalion, commanded byMaj. Benjamin Reeves. 
Independence Company A, Home Guards, commanded by Capt. Peter 

Hinter. 
Independence Company A, Citizen Home Guards, commanded by Capt. 

Peter Hinter. 
Independence Company B, Citizen Home Guards, commanded bj^ Capt. 

Francis Little. 
Independence Company, commanded by First Lieut. William N. O. 

Monroe. (Also known as Wayne City Independent Company.) 
Iron County Company (unattached), commanded by Capt. Joseph 

Wilson. 
Iron Mountain Railroad Company (unattached), commanded by Capt. 

John Buchanan. 
Iron Mountain Railroad Compan}' (unattached), commanded by Capt. 

Phineas J. Warren. 
Maries County Company (unattached), commanded by Capt. John M. 

Beezley. 
Maries County Company (unattached), commanded by Capt. V. G. 

Latham. 
Meramec Iron Works Company, commanded by Lieut. Thomas J. 

Griffith. (Attached to Sixty-third Regiment.) 
Mississippi County Battalion, commanded by Col. Henry J. Deal. 

(Consolidated with the Seventy-ninth Regiment.) 
Mississippi County Company (unattached), commanded by Capt. Edwin 

P. Diehl. (Became Company A, Seventy-ninth Regiment.) 
Mississippi County' Company (unattached), commanded by Capt. L. W. 

Pritchett. (Became Company B, Seventy-ninth Regiment.) 
Montgomer3'\s Company (unattached). 
New Madrid Countj'^ Company (unattached), commanded by Capt. H. A. 

Applegate. 
New Madrid County Company (unattached), commanded by Capt. 

Samuel Coleman. 



280 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

Pike County Battalion (name of battalion commander not ascertained). 

Platte Count}^ Compan}' Railroad Guards (unattached), commanded by 
Capt. John S. Kellogg. 

Randolph County Company (unattached), commanded by Capt. John 
A. Hix. 

Randolph County Company (unattached), commanded by Capt. vSilas 
Rice. 

Rayenna Battalion, commanded by Capt. John O. Williams. (Attached 
to Forty-fourth Regiment). 

St. Louis County Company (unattached), City Post Band, commanded 
by Capt. Frank Boehm. 

St. Louis County Compan}' (unattached), Corps of Detectiyes, com- 
manded by Capt. George Deagle. 

St. Louis County Company (unattached). Old Guard, commanded b}' 
Capt. N. H. Clark. 

St. Louis County Compan}^ (unattached), cayahy, commanded by Capt. 
Frederick Walter. 

St. Louis Police Battalion, commanded b}'^ Maj. J. E. D. Couzens. 

Scott County Company (unattached), comuianded by Capt. James T. 
Anderson. 

Scott County Compan}' (unattached), commanded by Capt. William W. 
Campbell. 

Scott County Company (unattached), commanded by Capt. Samuel 
Tanner. 

Wayne City Independent Company, Independence Company, com- 
manded by First Lieut. William N. O. Monroe. 

PROVISIONAL ENROLLED MISSOURI MILITIA.'' 

[Organized under authority of the governor of the State, dated February 3, 1863.] 

First to Eleyenth Regiment, inclusiye.*' 
Company I), Twentj^-sixth Regiment. 

PROVISIONAL ENROLLED MILITIA.'' 

[Organized under General Orders, No. 107, headquarters Department of the Missouri, dated June 28, 

1804.] 

Anderson's Company. 

Babcoke's Compau}-. 

Baker's Company. 

Ba.skins's Company. 

Bedcn's Company. 

Bingham's Company. 

B()lIiiio(>r\s Company. 

Boyd's Company. 

Bray's Company. 

Brown's Company. 

Carrothcrs's Company. 

Castor's Company. 

Dawson's Company (originally McCaslcn's). 

Day's Company. 

Dietrich's Compan3\ 

"The rolls upon which the State was reimbursed for expenses incurred are filed in 
the oliicc of thi- .Vuditor for the War Department. 

''The Si.Kth and Seventh rctriments were mustered into the service of the United 
States for the period of twenty months, and became the Sixteenth and Fifteenth 
regiments, Mis,souri Cavalry, respectively. 



ORGANIZATIONS NOT IN U. S. SERVICE. 281 

Fergusoirs Company. 

FiLson's Company. 

Fink's Company. 

Foster's Company. 

Frazer's Compan3\ 

Gaddy's Company. 

Garth's Company. 

Gatzweller's Company. 

Green's Compan}-. 

Hale's Company. 

Harris's Company, eonnnanded by Capt. A. J. Harris. 

Harris's Compan}', commanded by Capt. John A. Harris. 

Hart's Company'. 

Hartwig's Company (artilhny). 

Holhmd's Company. 

Hoover's Compan3^ 

Hume's Company. 

Johnson's Company, commanded by Capt. Abraham Johnson. 

eJohnson's Company, commanded l)y Capt. Henry D. Johnson. 

Kendrick's Company. 

Leg-g's Company. 

Lennon's Company. 

Long's Company. 

Mace's Company. 

McCaslen's C'ompany (linall}'' Dawson's). 

IVIcNeill's Company. 

McNutt's Company. 

Major's Company. 

Mason's Company. 

Maj'o's C'ompany. 

Miller's Company. 

Morehouse's Company. 

Morris's Company. 

Newman's Company. 

Palmer's -Company. 

Parpam's Company. 

Finger's Company. 

Pwiehaus's Company. 

Rallston's Company. 

Real's Company. 

Renshaw's Company. 

Schelsky's Company. 

Shoemaker's Company. 

Spickard's C'ompany. 

Steines's Company. 

Wehde's Company. 

Winters's Company. 

MISSOURI MILITIA." 

[Orgrtiiized under General Orders, No. 3, headquarters State of Missouri, dated January 30, ISCi.i.] 

Audrain County Company, commanded bv First Lieut. John L. 

Mitchell. 
Babcoke's Company, 

"The rolls upon which the State was reimbursed for expenses incurred are filed in 
the office of the Auditor for the War Department. 



232 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

Batet? Count}" Company, coinnuinded by First Lieut. John Atkinson. 
Benton Count}' Company, commanded l^y First Lieut. Jolm Cosorove. 
Bollinoer Count}' Company, commanded hy Capt. John R. Cochran. 
Boone County Company, commanded by Capt. Henry N. Cook. 
Boone County PUitoon, connnanded by First Lieut. 1). P. J. Dozier. 
Bridges North Missouri Railroad Company, commanded by Capt. 

Luman W . Story. 
Calhiway County Company, commanded by First Lieut. William H. 

Thomas. 
Camden County Company, commanded by Capt. Henry G. Bollinger. 
Cape Girardeau County Company, connnanded by Capt. Ezra King. 
Carroll and Livingston Counties Company, commanded ])y First Lieut. 

Daniel Hoover. 
Cass County Company, commanded by First Lieut. Joseph Burk. 
Chariton County Company, connnanded by Capt. Peter K. Dolman. 
Christian County Company, commanded by First Lieut. T. J. Gideon. 
Clay County Company, connnanded by Capt. Ro])ert jVIcMillan. 
Clay and Clinton Counties Company, commanded ])y Capt. John W. 

Younger. 
Cooper County Company, commanded by Capt. George Miller. 
Cooper and Moniteau Counties Company, connnanded ])y Capt. John 

B. Calhoun. 
Crawford County Company, connnanded by Capt. N. G. Clark. 
Dent County Company, connnanded l)y Capt. G. A. Kenamore. 
Duidvlin County* Companv. commanded by First Lieut. William L. 

White. 
Henry and Bates Counties Company, commanded by Capt. William 

Weaver. 
Howard County Company, connnanded by Capt. William R. Forbes. 
Howard County Company, connnanded ))y Capt. Warren ^V. Harris. 
Jackson County Company, commanded ])y Capt. ^^'illiam S. Smith. 
Jasper Countv Company, commanded by First Lieut. Lv)nan J. 

Burch. 
Johnson County Company, commanded by Capt. AVilliam E. Chester. 
La Fayette County Company, connnanded by First Lieut. R. W. P. 

Mooney. 
Lincoln County Company, commanded by Capt. John Ai. Reed. 
Liini County Company, connnanded l)y First Li(>ut. B. F. Carter. 
Linn County Company, connnanded by Capt. Rice Morris. 
Livingston County Company, connnanded by First Lieut. A. J. 

Boucher. 
Macon County Conn)anv, connnanded by First Lieut. Robert Davis. 
Miller Couitty Company, commanded by ('apt. John 15. Salsman. 
Mississij^pi County Company, commanded ))y Capt. -lohn A. Rice. 
JNIontgomery and Warren Counties Company, connnanded by Capt. S. 

W . Hopkins. 
Morgan County Company, connnanded b}- Ca])t. R. P. Ruley. 
Newton County Company, connnanded l)v First Lieut. Sanuiel 

A chord. 
Osage and Maries Counties Company, commanded by Capt. James M. 

Dennis. 
Ozark and Douglas Counties Conipany. connnanded by Capt. Charles 

K. Ford. 
Pacific Railroad Company, commanded by Capt. H. P. Dow. 
Perry County Company, commanded ))v Capt. Hiram Minor. 



ORGANIZATIONS NOT IN U. S. SERVICE. * 233 

Pettis County Coiiipiinv. conniianded by Ctipt. H. C. Donnohue. 

Pike County Company, connnandod l)y Capt. William Kerr. 

Platte County Company, commanded ))y First Lieut. Franklin 

Luthey. 
Pulaski and Texas C'ounties Company, commanded by Capt. Richard 

Murphy. 
Ralls. Monroe, and Marion Counties Company, commanded by First 

Lieut. Henry C. (ientry. 
Randolph County Company, connnanded by Capt. Alexander Denny. 
Randolph County Company, commanded ])y Capt. Charles F. Mayo. 
Ray and Caldwell Counties Company, conmianded by Capt. Clayton 

tiffin. 
St. Clair County Company, commanded liy Capt. Benjamin F. Cook, 
St. Francois County Company, commanded ])y First Lieut. F. A. 

Millert. 
Ste. Geneyieve County Company, commanded by First Lieut. David 

Flood. 
Saline Count}" Company, commanded by Capt. John S. Crain. 
Southwest Branch Pacitic Railroad Company, commanded l)v Capt. 

Thomas Thomas. 
Stoddard County Company, commanded by First Lieut. Louis M. 

Rinoer. 
Stoddard and Dunklin Counties Company, commanded by Capt. J. C. 

Thompson. 
Stone County Company, commanded by Capt. Patrick C. Berry. 
Taney County Company, commanded by Capt. William L. Fenex. 
Wright County Company, commanded liy Capt. Thomas K. Paul. 

MISSOURI MILITIA." 

[Organized under the ordniiTnce of the State C'onvention of A]>ril S, 1805.] 

First to Third Regiment, inclusive. 

First to Third Battalion, inclusive. 

Fourth and Fifth reo-iments. 

Fifth Battalion. 

Sixth Regiment. 

Sixth Battalion. 

Eighth to Eightv-foui'th Regiment, inclusive. 

Benton Barracks Rjattalion. commanded l)y Maj. John W. McHarg. 

Clark County Company (unattach(Hl), commanded by Ciii)t. D. A. Day. 

Fletcher Guards Company (unattached), connnandiMl by Cai)t. S. \V. 

Hannnack. 
National Guard Regiment of St. Louis, commanded ])y Col. H. Klein- 

schmidt. 

CITIZEN GUARDS.'' 

First Regiment, ]\Iilitia Exempts. 
First Battalion, Militia Exempts. 

"Rolls of these organizations are doubtlei^.s tiled in the office of the adjutant-general 
of the State. None are tiled in the War Department or in the otHce of the Auditor 
for the War Department. 

''The roiln of the few organizations of Citizen Guards mentioned in this list that 
were rt^eognized and i)aid l)y the State, and for which the State was reimbursed l)y 
the United States, are filed in the oftice of the Auditor for the Wai- Department, as 
are also those of the few companies (Mickman ]\Iills Companies, Kansas City Station 
Guards and Westport Police (luards) that were paid througii si)ecial legislation ))y 
Congress. Such rolls as are known to ])e in existence, of the organizations not paid 
either by the State or the United States, are filed in the War Department. 



234 • MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

Second Koo-iment, Militia Exempts. 

Seeoncl Battalion. ^lilitia Ex(Mnpts (colored). 

Third Reoiment, Militia Plxempts. 

Third Battalion, ^lilitia Exempts (unorganized). 

Fourth Regiment, Militia Plxenipts. 

Fifth Res^iment. Militia Exempts, 

Allen's Company. 

Asher's Company". 

Baker's Company. 

Baldwin's Compan}'. 

Bale's Company. 

Beat3''s Company (Carroll C^ount}' Guards). 

Beeslev's Company."" 

Berry's Company. 

Berrvman's Company. 

Birchtield's Compan}". 

Black's Company. 

Bogard Guards (Wells's Company). 

Brown's Compan}', commanded by Capt. James H. Brown. 

Brown's Company', commanded b}^ Capt. Josiah Brown. 

Burkler's Company. 

Calhoun Guards (Squire's Company). 

Carroll County Guards (Beatj^'s Compan}^). 

Cavness's Company. 

Cleveland's Company. 

Cole's Company. 

Copenhaver's Company. j 

Davis's Company. ' 

Deegan's Company. 

Derrick's Company. 

Devinny's Company. 

Dillon's Company. 

Donnohue's Compan}^ 

Dorman's Company. 

Eaton's Comi)any." 

Ellis's Company. 

Eneberg's Company. 

Ewing's Coni])any. 

Fishci-'s Company.'' 

Foster's Company. 

Freeman's CVtmpany. 

Good's Company. 

(Torrcll's Company. 

Gould's Compan\\ 

( T ray so n 's Company . 

Grover's Company.'' n 

Harrison's Company." ■ 

I luri'isonville C()ni])any, commanded l)v Capt. Alexander Rol)inson.'' " 

Ilarrisonvillc Company, conunanded by Capt. Elias 1*. AVest.'' 

"Organization not confirmed. 

''Tliere is official evitlence that this company was in existence, but no rolls of 
the orgaiii/ation have l)cen found. 

"Recognized by State antiiorities as an independent company, Enrolled Missouri 
Militia. 

' Hecojinized by State authorities as Company K. Seventy-seventh Enrolled 
Missouri Militia. 



ORGANIZATIONS NOT IN U. S. SERVICE. 235 

Hatton'.s Compan}^ 

Haj'^s's Coiupany, 

Heismeir's Companw 

Henderson's Company. 

Hickman Mills Company, commanded by First Lieut. Jacob Axline. 

Hickman Mills Company of Mounted Men, commanded ])y Capt. David 

Tate. 
Hoge's Compan3\ 
Hollan))eck's Compan3\ 
Holt's Company. 
Hudson's Company. 
Independence Company A, Home Guard, Enrolled Missouri Militia, 

conmianded b}' Capt, Peter Hinter." 
Independence Company A, Citizen Home Guards, commanded by 

Capt. Peter Hinter.-^*^ 
Independence Company B, Citizen Home Guards, Missouri Militia, 

commanded by Capt. Francis Little.*^ 
Independence Company, commanded b}^ First Lieut. William N. O. 

Monroe. (Also known as Wa3^ne City Independent Company.)" 
Isrig-o-'s Compan3^'' 

Jennino-,s\s Compan}^, commanded by Capt. Jesse Jennings. 
Jennings's Companj^, conmianded by Capt. William Jennings. 
Johnson's Company. 

Jones's Company, commanded by (^apt. Daniel S. Jones. 
Jones's Company, commanded hj Capt. James M. Jones. 
Kansas Cit}" Guards (Militia), Company' E, conmianded ])y Capt. 

Peter Cause3\ 
Kansas City Station Guards, Company A, cammanded l)y Capt. Caleb 

A. Carpenter. 
Kansas Cit3' Station Guards, Company A (Independent), commanded 

b3' Capt. Caleb A. Carpenter. 
Kansas City Station Guards, Company B, Missouri State Militia, 

commanded by Capt. James Hickman. 
Kansas City Station Guards, Compan3^ B, commanded b3' Capt. Kufus 

Montgall. 
Kansas City Station Guards, Compan3^ C, commanded b3^ Capt. Jesse P. 

Alexander. 
Kansas City Station Guards, Company D, commanded by First Lieut. 

William J. Gault. 
Kansas CitA^ Station Guards, Compan3^ D, commanded b3- Capt. B. 

F. Newgent. 
Kansas Cit3" Station Guards, Coiiipan3'^ D, commanded bv Capt. B. 

L. Biggins. 
Kansas City Station Guards, Compan3' E, commanded In* Capt. 

William O. Shouse. 
Ke3''s Company.'' 
Kirbv's Company. 
Lower's Compan3'. 
McBride's Company. 
INIcMahan's Compan3'. 
Mahnken's Compan3\ 
Martin's Company. 

^Recognized by State authorities as an independent companj^, Enrolled Missouri 
Militia. 

** Organization not confirmed. 



236 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

Middleton's Company.^ 

Miller's Company, B, Jeflferson City Citizens' Guard. 

Mitclieirs Coiiipaii}', commanded ])y Capt. E. G. Mitchell. 

Mitchell's Company, commanded by Capt. William A. Mitchell. 

Mizcll's Company. 

Morgan's Company'. 

Murray's Company, commanded I)}' Capt. W. V. Murra}'. 

Murray's Company, commanded l)y Capt. Williani W. Murray. 

Norris's Company. 

Parazett's Company. 

Parker's Compan3\ 

Pitts's Company, 

Pleasant Hill Company, commanded by Capt. Andrew Allen.*' 

Porters Compan}'. 

Potter's Compan3% commanded b}' Capt. James M. Potter. 

Potter's Compan}', commanded by Capt. Thomas P. Potter. 

Preston's Compan3\ 

Price's Compan}'. 

Reeves's Compan}'." 

Robinson's Compan3\ 

Samples's Company. 

Seaton's Company. 

Smith's Company." 

Sorrell's Company. 

Squires's Company (Calhoun Guards). 

Stark's Company. 

Stemons's Company. 

Taggart's Company. 

Thompson's Company. 

Tinken's Company. 

Turner's Company. 

Tutt's Compan3\ 

Tyre's Compan^^" 

Walde's Company. 

Wall's Company. 

Ward's Com])any. 

Wear's Compan3\ 

Wehde's Compan}'. 

Wells's C()ni])any (Bogard Guards). 

Westport Police Guard, commanded by Capt. William A. Bevis-. 

Whelchel's Company. 

Whitaker's Compan}'. 

Williams's Company. 

Yanc y's ( 'ompan3\ 

Zeih'r's Company. 

MA71INE CORPS. "^ 

First to Third Companj^ , inclusive. 

"Organization not confirmed. 

''Recognized by State authorities as Company I, Seventy-seventli Enrolled ^lis- 
eouri Militia. 

''The rolls of tlie .Marine Corps are tiled in the War Department, but the rolls upon 
which payment wan made by the (Quartermaster's Department are filed in the office 
of the Auditor for the War Department. 



CONFEDERATE ORGANIZATIONS. 



INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 



In order that the status of tlie Missouri troops in the service of the 
State and of the Confederate States during- the civil war may l)e fully 
understood, it appears to be necessar}" to advert to the political rela- 
tions of the State as maintained ])y the State goverimicnt in affiliation 
with the Confederate States as distinguished fi'om the go\ernment 
that represented the State as a member of the Federal Cnion. 

That the State legislature in existence at the outbreak of hostilities 
was opposed to the coercion of the seceding States is shown l)y joint 
resolutions adopted at its regular session in Fcliruary, 18<^31, in which 
it was declared to be the opinion of the general assembly that in the 
event of the invasion of the slave States the people of Missouri would 
instantly rally in defense of their Southern l)rethren. Following is a 
copy of the resolutions: 

JOINT RESOLUTION ON THE SUBJECT OF COERCION. 

"Wliereas, we have learned, witli profound regret, that the States of New York and 
Ohio have recently tendered men and money to the Pre.'^ident of the United States 
for the avowed purpose of coercing certain sovereign States of the South whieh have 
seceded, or may secede, from the Federal Union, into obedience to the Federal Gov- 
ernment: Therefore, 

Resolved by the House of Rejjresentatives, the Semite concurring therein, That we regard 
with the utmost abhorrence the doctrine of coercion as indicated by the action of 
the States aforesaid, believing that the same would result in civil war, and forever 
destroy any hope of reconstructing the Federal Union. So believing, we deem it our 
duty to declare that if there is any invasion of the slave States for the purpose of 
carrying such doctrine into effect, it is the opinion of this general assem])ly that the 
people of Missouri will instantly rally on the side of their Southern brethren, to 
resist tlie invaders at all hazards and to the last extremity. 

Resolced, That the g(jvernor of the State be requested to transmit to the governors 
of New York and Ohio the above resolutions. 

Approved, February 21, 1861. 

[Laws of the State of INIissouri, Regular Session, Twentv-first Geueral Assembly, 
p. 773.] 

In a proclamation dated June 12, 1861, calling the militia into the 
active service of the State for the purpose of repelling invasion, and 
for other purposes. Governor Jackson said of the political relations of 
the State: 

In issuing this proclamation I hold it to be my solenni duty to remind you that 
Missouri is still one of the United States; that the executive department of the State 
government does not arrogate to itself the power to disturl) that relation; that that 
power has been wisely vested in a convention, which will at the proper time express 
your sovereign will, and that meanwhile it is your duty to obey all the constitutional 
reciuirenients of the Federal Governmei^t; but it is equally my duty to advise you 
that your tirst allegiance is due to your own State, and that you are under n(j obliga- 
tion whatever to ol)cy the unconstitutional edicts of the military despotism which 
has enthroned itself at Washington, nor to submit to the infamous and degrading 
sway of its wicked minions in this State. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. LIII, p. 
698.] 

On August 8, 1S(51, writing from Memphis, Tenn., to Hon. E. C. 
Cabell. Governor Jackson referred to a "declaration of independence" 

239 



240 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

issued l)y him on the 5th of August (Ortieial Keeoids of the Union 
and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. Ill, p. 081)). No otticial record 
of this })rochimation has })een discovered, ])ut it is published in Moore's 
"Rel)ellion Record:" and as itg'ivesat length the views of the governor 
as to tlie political status of the State and his reasons and authority for 
declarnig it a '"• sovereign, free, and independent repuhlic." with full 
power to levy war, contract alliances, and '' do all other acts and things 
which independent States may of right do," it is here quoted in full: 

In the exercise of the right reserved to the people of Missouri by the treatj' under 
which the United States acquired the temporary dominion of the country west of the 
Mississijjpi River, in trust for the several sovereign States afterwards to l)e formed out 
of it, that people did, on t]ie twelfth day of June, one thousand eight hundred and 
twenty, " nuUually agree to form and establish a free and independent republic bj'^ 
the name of the State of Missouri." On the tenth day of August, eigliteen hundred 
and'twenty-oue, the State was duly aduiitted into the Union of the United States of 
America, under the compact called the Constitution of the United States, and "on 
ecpial footing with the original States in all respects whatever." The freedom, inde- 
pendence, and sovereignty of Missouri, and her equality with the other States of the 
Union, were thus guaranteed not only by that Constitution, but by the laws of nations 
requiring the sacred observance of treaties. 

In rei)eateil instances the Government and people of the States now remaining in 
that Union have grossly violated, in their conduct towanl the people and State of 
^Missouri, both the Constitution of the United States anil that of Missouri, as well as 
the general, great, and essential principles of liberty and free government. Their 
President, Abraham Lincoln, in avowed defiance of law and the Constitution of the 
United States, and under the tyrant's plea of necessity, has assumed to regulate com- 
merce with foreign nations and among the several States, stopping ])y violence our 
trade with our Southern neighbors, and depriving our citizens of the right secured to 
them l)y a special solemn compact with the United States to the free navigation of the 
^lississippi River, lie has usurped powers granted exclusively to Congress in declar- 
ing war against the Confederate States; to carry on this unholy attenq)t to reduce a 
free people into slavish sul)jection to him he has, in violation of the Constitution, 
raised and supported armies and j^rovided and maintained a Navy. 

Regardless of the right reserved to the States, respectively, of training the militia 
and appointing its otiicers, he has enlisted and armed, contrary to law, under tlie name 
of Home Guards, whole regiments of men, foreigners and others, in our State to defy 
the constitutional authorities and i)lunder and murder our citizens. P>y armed force 
and actual bloodshed he has even attempted to deprive the jieople of their right to 
keep and ])ear arms, in conformity to the State laws, and to form a well-regulated 
militia ni'cessary to the security of a free State. With his sanction his .soldiers have 
I)een (juartered in houses without the consent of the owners thereof and without any 
authority of law. The right of tlie people to be secure in their persons, houses, i)apers, 
and effects against unreasonable seart-hes'and seizures has l)een habitually and grossly 
violated by his officers acting uiuler his orders. He has utterly ignored the binding 
force of our constitutional State laws, and carried his insolence to such an extent as 
to introduce from other States free negroes into our midst, and place them in positions 
of autiiority over our white citizens. 

He has encourage<l tlii' stealing of ourslave projierty. In these and other proceed- 
ings the Government and people of the Northern States have unmistakably shown 
their intention to overturn the social institutions of ^Missouri and reduce her white 
citizens to an equality with the blacks. In the execution of his despotic wishes his 
agents, without even rebuke from him, have exhibited a brutality scarcely credible 
of a nation pretending to civilization. Even women and children of tender age have 
fallen victims to the unbridled license of his unfeeling soldiery. He has avowedly 
undei taken to make tiie civil power sul)ordinate to the military; and with thedes|)ic- 
ablc and cowardly design of thus protecting himself ami his accomplices, by Innding 
the consciences of the unhappy victims of his tyranny, he has exacted from ])eacefnl 
citizens, guilty of no crime, an oath to support his detestable Government. To crush 
out even peaceful and lawful opposition to it, he has forcibly and unconstitutionally 
suspended the privilege of the writ of haljeas corpus, and abridged the freedom of 
speech and of the press by subjecting iimucent citizens to punishment for mere 
opinion's sake, and by j)reventing the publication of newspapers independent enough 
to expoSL' his treason to liberty. 

Tliese manifold and inhuman wrongs were long submitted to in patience and almost 
in humility l)y tiic peojilcof Missouri and their antiiorities. Kven when the conduct 
of the Lincoln (iovernment had culminated in an open war upon us those authorities 
offered to its military commander in Missouri to refer to the people of the State for 



INTRODUCTOKY REMARKS. 241 

decision of the questiuu of our separation from a Government and nation thus openly 
hostile to us. Those authorities relied on the ]>rinciples consecrated in the Declara- 
tion of Independence of the United States that to secure the rights of citizens "gov- 
ernments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of 
the governed; that whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these 
ends it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it, and to institute a new govern- 
ment, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form 
as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness." .Missouri 
having an admitted equality with the original States which had made this declai-ation, 
it was hoped that the rights therein asserted would not l>e denied to her people. 

Her authorities also relied on the clause in the very I'nistitution with which she 
was admitted into the T'^nion, asserting as one of the general, great, and essential 
principles of liberty and free government " that the people of this State have the 
inherent, sole, and exclusive right of regulating the internal government and police 
thereof, and of altering and abolishing their constitution and form of government 
whenever it may be necessary to their safety and happiness." But this military 
commander haughtily refused the consent of his Government to the exercise by us of 
these rights, which our ancestors in tlie last century endured an eight years' war to 
vindicate. He l)ut expressed, however, the deliberate purpose of his masters at 
Washington, and the peo})le over which they rule, for his predecessor at St. Louis 
had, a few weeks before, formally proclaimed to our people that our e(iuality with 
the other States would be ignored; that we should be held in subjection to the North, 
even though the independence of our Southern sister States might be acknowledged; 
that, to use his own words, "whatever may be the termination of the unfortunate 
condition of things in respect to the so-called cotton States, Missouri nmst share the 
destiny of the Union;" that the free will of her people shall not decide her future, 
but that "the whole power of the Government of the United States, if necessary, 
will be exerted to maintain Missouri in the Union" in subjection to the tyranny of 
the North. 

The acts of President Lincoln have been indorsed by the Congress and people of 
the Northern States, and the war thus commenced by him has been made the act of 
the Government and nation over which he rules. They have not only adopted this 
war, but they have gone to the extreme of inciting portions of our peojile to revolt 
against the State authorities; by intimidation they have obtained conti'ol of the rem- 
nant left of a convention deriving its ]iowers from those authorities, and, using it as 
a tool, they have through it set up an insurrectionary government in open rebellion 
against the State. No alternative is left us; we nuist draw the sword and defend our 
sacred rights. 

By the recognized universal public law of all the earth war dissolves all political 
compacts. Our forefathers gave as one of their grounds for asserting their inde- 
pendence that the King of Great Britain had "abdicated government here by declar- 
ing us out of his protection and waging war upon us." The people and Ciovernment 
of the Northern States of the late Union have acted in the same manner toward Mis- 
souri, and have dissolved by war the connection heretofore existing between her and 
them. 

The general assembly of Missouri, the recognized political department of her gov- 
ernment, by an act approved May 10, 1861, entitled "An act to authorize the gov- 
ernor of the State of Missouri to suppress rebellion and repel invasion," has vested 
in the governor, in respect to the rebellion and invasion now carried on in Missouri 
by the Government and people of the Northern States and their allies, the authority 
"to take such measures as in his judgment he may deem necessary or proper to repel 
such invasion or put down such rebellion." 

Now, therefore, by virtue of the authority in me vested by said act, I, Claiborne F. 
Jackson, governor of the State of Mis.souri, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the 
world for the rectitude of my intentions, and tirndy l)elieving that 1 am herein carrying 
into effect the will of the people of Mis.souri, do hereby, in their name, by their 
authority, and on their behalf, and subject at all times to their free and unbiased con- 
trol, make and puldish this provisional declaration, that by the acts, and people, and 
Government of the United States of America, the political connectioii heretofore 
existing between said States and the peojile and government of Missouri is, and ought 
to be, totally dis.solved; and that the State of ^Missouri, as a sovereign, free, and inde- 
pendent republic, has full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, estab- 
lish connnerce, and do all other acts and things which independent Stales may of 
right do. 

Published and declared at New ^ladrid, Missouri, this fifth day of August, in the 
year of our Lord eighteen hundred and sixty-one. 

Claihorne F. Jacksox, (iovernor of Mmouri. 

[Moore's Rebellion Record, Vol. H, Docs., pp. 479-481.] 

S. Doc. 412 IG 



242 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

A provisional declaration to the same effect was issued by Lieutenant- 
Governor Reynolds on the 81st of July, 1861. which it is not deemed 
necessary here to record. 

By an act of the Confederate Cono-ress approved Au!4'ust 20, IS'U, 
provision was made for aiding- the State of Missouri in repellino' inva- 
sion by the United States and to authorize the admission of the State 
as a member of the Confederate States of America. The act also pro- 
vided for an alliance, offensive and defensive, between the Confederate 
States and the State of Missouri, as a preliminary to the admission of 
the State as a member of the Confederacy. That portion of the act 
relating to admission and the proposed alliance is here quoted: 

AN ACT to aid the State of Missouri in repelling invasion by the United States, and to authorize the 

admission of said State as a member of the Confederate States of America, and for other purposes. 

* * * * * * * 

Sec. 2. That the State of Missouri shall l^e admitted a member of the Confederate 
States of America, upon an equal footing with the other States, under the constitu- 
tion for the provisional government of the same, upon the condition that the said con- 
stitution for the ])ro visional government of the Confederate States shall be adopted 
and ratified by the pi'operlyand legally constituted authorities of said State; and the 
governor of said State shall transmit to the President of the Confederate States an 
authentic copy of the proceedings touching said adoption and ratification by sai<l State 
of said provisional constitution; upon the receipt whereof the President, by procla- 
mation, shall announce the fact; whereu]wn and without any further proceedings 
upon the part of Congress the admission of said State of Alissouri into this confed- 
eracy under said constitution for the provisional government of the Confederate States 
shall be considered as complete; and the laws of this Confederacy shall be thereby 
extended overpaid State of Missouri as fully and completely as over other States now 
composing the same. 

'Sec. 3. That the Congress of the Confederate States recognize the government of 
which Claiborne F. Jackson is the chief magistrate to be the legally elected and reg- 
ularly constituted government of the people and State of INIissouri, and that the 
President of the Confederate States l)e, and he is herel)y, empowered, at his discre- 
tion, at any time prior to the admission of said State as a member of this Confed- 
eracy, to perfect and proclaim an alliance, offensive and defensive, with the said 
government, limited to the period of the existing war lietween this Confederacy and 
the Ignited States, the said treaty or alliance to 1)e in force from the date thereof and 
until the same shall be disathrmed or rejected by this Congress. 

Approved, August 20, 1861. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series IV, Vol. I, p. 576.] 

Following' this enactment, on September 20, 1861, Governor Jack- 
son appointed F^dward Carring-ton Caliell and Thomas L. Snead com- 
missioners on the part of the State-of Missouri to enter into a treaty of 
alliance, offensive and defensive, with the Government of the Confed- 
erate States. Following* is a copy of the appointment: 

Executive Department, State of Missouri: 

Know all men by these i)resents, that I, Claiborne F. Jackson, governor of the State 
of Missouri, do hereby nominate, constitute, and apjjoint p]d ward Carrington Caliell and 
Thomas L. Snead commissioners on the part of the State of Missouri, to negotiate, enter 
into, jierfect, and make a treaty of alliance, off ensive and defensive, wit h the (iovernment 
of the Confederate States of America, limited to the existing war between said Confed- 
eracy and the Cnited States, wiiicli said treaty of alliance shall be in force from the 
date thereof and until the same shall be disatlirmed oranuUed by the parties thereto, 
hereby giving to the said connnissioners, or to I'ither of them, if the other shall from 
any cause be unalile to act, full and complete powers in the premises, and here1)y ratify- 
ing and confirming all that they may do in the execution of the above-granted powers. 

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my name and caused to be allixed the 
great seal of the State of Missouri. 

Done this 2()th day of September, A. D. 1861, and of the independence of 'the 
State of Missouri the forty-first, at Lexington, in said State. 

C. F. Jackson. 

By the Governor: 

ii. F. Massey, Secretary of State. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. LIII, p. 751.] 



INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 243 

Pursuant to the provisions of the act of the Confederate Congress, 
quoted above, a convention was entered into between the Confederate 
States and the State of Missouri October 31, 18»jl, as follows: 

CONVENTION between the Confederate States of America and the State of Missouri. 

Whereas, it is the common desire of the Confederate States of America and the 
State of Missouri that said State should become a member of the Confederacy; and 

Whereas, the accomphshnient of their purpose is now prevented by an armed inva- 
sion of the territory of said State by the United States; and 

Whereas, the interests of both demand that they should make common cause in 
the war waged by the United States against the liberties of both: 

Now, therefore, for these most desirable objects the president of the Confederate 
States of America has conferred full powers on R. M. T. Hunter, their secretary of 
state, and the executive power of the State of Missouri on Edward Carrington Cabell 
and Thomas L. Snead, who, after having exchanged their said full powers in due 
and proper form, have agreed to the following articles: 

Article I. The State of iNIissouri shall be admitted into said Confederacy on an 
equal footing with the other States composing the same on the fulfillment of the con- 
ditions set forth in the second section of the act of congress of the Confederate States 
entitled "An act to aid the State of Missouri in repelling invasion by the United 
States, and to authorize the adnussion of said State as a member of the Confederate 
States of America, and for other purposes," approved August 20, 1861. 

Art. II. Until said State of Missouri shall become a member of said Confederacy 
the whole military force, material of war, and military operations, offensive and 
defensive, of said State shall be under the chief control and direction of the president 
of the Confederate States, upon the same basis, principles, and footing as if said State 
were now and during the interval a member of said Confederacy, the said force, 
together with that of the Confederate States, to be employed for their common 
defense. 

Art. III. The State of ]Missouri will, whenever she becomes a member of said 
Confederacy, turn over to said Confederate States all the public property, naval 
stores, and munitions of war of which she may then be in possession acquired from 
the United States (excepting the public lands) on the same terms and in the same 
manner as the other States of said Confederacy have done in like cases. 

Art. IV. All expenditures for the prosecution of the existing war incurred by the 
State of ^lissouri from and after the date of the signing of this convention shall be 
met and provided for by the Confederate States. 

Art. V. The alliance hereby made between the said Confederate States and the 
State of Missouri shall be offensive and defensive, and shall be and remain in force 
during the continuance of the existing war with the United States, or until super- 
seded by the admission of said State into the Confederacy, and shall take effect 
from the date thereof, according to the provisions of the third section of the afore- 
said act approved August 20, 1861. 

In faith whereof we, the commissioners of the Confederate States of America and 
of the State of Missouri, have signed and sealed these presents. 

Done in duplicate at the city of Richmond on the 31st day of October, A. D. 1861. 

R. M. T. Hunter. 
E. C. Cabell. 
Tho.m.\s L. Snead. 

[Ibid., p. 753.] 

On the date of the signing- of this convention the general assembly 
of the State of Missouri passed an act declaring a dissolution of the 
political ties previously existing between the State of ]Missouri and 
the United States of America. Following is a copy of the act: 

AN ACT declaring the political ties heretofore existing between the State of Missouri and the 
United States of .\merica dissolved. 

Whereas, the Government of the United States, in the possession and under the 
control of a sectional party, has wantonly violated the compact originally made 
between said Government and the State of Missouri by invading with hostile armies 
the soil of the State, attacking and making prisoners the militia whilst legally 
assembled under the State laws, forcibly occupying the State capitol and attempting 
through the instrumentality of domestic traitors to usurp the government, seizing 
and destroying private property, and murdering with fiendish malignity peaceable 



244 MISSOUEI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

citizens, men, women, and children, together with other aets of atrocity, indicating a 
deep-settled hostility toward the people of ilissouri and their institutions; and 

AVhereas, the present Administration of the CTOvernment of the United States has 
utterly ignored the Constitution, subverted the Government as constructed and 
intended by its makers, and established a despotic and arbitrary power instead 
thereof: Now, therefore, 

Be it enacted lii/ the general asi^embh/ of the State of Mifsouri, That^all political ties 
of every character now existing between the Government of the United States of 
America and the people and government of the State of Missouri are hereby dis- 
solved, and the State of ^Missouri, resuming the sovereignty granted by compact to the 
said United States upon the admission of said State into the Federal Union, does 
again take its i)lace as a free and independent republic amongst the nations of the 
earth. 

This act to take effect and be in force from an<l after its passage. 

Approved, October 31, 1861. 

I hereby certify the above and foregoing to be a full, true, and perfect copy of the 
original roll. 

In testimony whereof I have hereto set my hand and the great seal of the State of 
Missouri this 2d day of November, 1861. 

B. F. Massey, Secretary of State. 

[Ibid., p. 752.] 

By another act of the same date the general assembly of the State 
took a preliminary step toward full political union with the Confeder- 
ate States by ratifying the Constitution of the provisional govern- 
ment, as required b}' the act of August ;20, 1861. The act of the 
assembly is as follows: 

AN ACT ratifying the Constitution of the provisional government of the Confederate States of 

America. 

Whereas, the Congress of the Confederate States of America have) by an act 
entitled " An act to aid the State of Missouri in repelling invasion by the United 
States, and to authorize the admission of said State as a member of the Confederate 
States of America, and for other purposes," enacted that " the State of Missouri .shall 
V)e admitted a member of the (confederate States of America upon an equal footing 
with the other States mider the destitution for the provisional government of the 
same, upon condition that the said constitution for the provisional government of 
the Confederate States shall be adopted and ratified by the properly and legally 
constituted authorities of said State:" Now, therefore, 

Be it enacted bij the general assembly of the State of Missouri as folloirs: The general 
assembly of the State of IMissouri, for and in behalf of the people thereof, do hereby 
accept tiie provisions of an act of the Congress of the Confederate States of America, 
as set forth in the preand)le to this act, the State of Missouri hereby adopting and 
ratifying the constitution for the provisional government of the Confederate States 
of America as a mend)er of said Confederacy upon an equal footing with the other 
States under said constitution. 

Sec. 2. His Excellency C. F. Jackson, governor of this State, is hereby directed 
and authorized to transnnt to the President of said Confederate States of America an 
authentic copy of this act in pursuance of section 2 of the act of said Congress above 
referred to, and to perform all other acts which may hereafter become necessary to 
secure the admission of the State of ^Missouri as a member of the said Confederacy. 

This act shall be in force from and after its passage. 

Approved, October 31, 1861. 

I here])y certify the above and foregoing to be a full, true, and perfect copy of the 
original roll. 

In testimony whereof I have hereto set my hand and the great seal of the State of 
Missouri tliis 2d day of November, 1861. 

B. F. Massev, Secretary of State. 

[Il)id., p. 753.] 

In transmitting these enactments to the president of the Confederate 
States, (lovcrnor .lackson said, in a Ictttu" dated at Cassville, AIo., 
November 5. LSOl, that the act ratifying the constitution would have 
been submitted to a vote of the people Init for the fact that the State 
was then "invaded by the Federal Army to such an extent as to pre- 



INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 245 

elude the possibility of holditio- an election at the present time. " (Ibid. , 
p. 753.) 

On Nov'eml)er 25, 1861, President Davis transmitted to the Congress 
of the Confederate States Governor fJaekson's letter, with its inclos- 
ures, together with a copy of the convention between the Confederate 
States and the State of Missouri (Ibid., p. 757), and on the 2Sth of 
November the State w^as admitted as a member of the Confederate 
States of America. Following is a copy of the act of admission: 

AN ACT to admit the State of Missouri into the Confederacy as a member of the Confederate States 

of America. 

The Congrei^s of the Confederate States of America do enact, That the State of Missouri 
be, and is hereby, admitted as a member of the Confederate States of America, upon 
an equal footing witli the other States of the Confederacy, under tlie Constitution of 
the provisional government of the same. 

Approved, November 28, 1861. 

[Ibid., p. 758.] 



MISSOURI STATE GUARD. 



It has been seen in the pret'oding- chapter that the general assem- 
bly of the State of ^Missouri, at its session in February, 1861, declared 
itself opposed to the coercion of the secedino- States. It is now pro- 
posed to narrate some other events preceding- the organization of the 
Missouri State Guard, the military force called into the service of the 
State prior to the act of admission to the Confederacy, and which had 
an organized existence for some time subsequent to that event. 

On April 17. 1861, the Governor of Missouri declined to furnish the 
State's quota of 75,000 militia called for by the President of the United 
States, declaring the requisition to be '"'illegal, unconstitutional, and 
revolutionary in its object, inhuman and diabolical,'- and that "'not 
one man" would })e furnished by the State of Missouri to carry on 
the proposed unholy crusade against the people of the seceded States. 
(Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series III^ 
Vol. I, p. 82.) 

On April 20, 1861, the United States ordnance depot at Liberty, 
Mo., was seized by armed men from the adjacent counties (Ibid., 
Series I, Vol. I, p. 619), and on Ma}" 4 the ordnance stores at Kansas 
City were taken by force. 

On May 6. 1861, the State militia force of St. Louis County went 
into camp at Camp Jackson, in the city of St. Louis, and on the 10th 
of May the troops forming the encampment were surrendered as pris- 
oners of war to the United States forces under Capt. (sulisequenth^ 
Brig. Gen.) Nathaniel Lyon, commanding the United States arsenal 
at St. Louis. The preliminary correspondence between General Frost, 
commanding the State militia, and Captain Lyon on the su))ject of 
the surrender was as follows: 

Headquarters Camp Jackson, Missouri Militia, 

May 10, 1861. 
Capt. N. Lyon, 

Commanding T'nited Stales Troops in and about St. Louis Arsenal. 

Sir: I am constantly in receipt f>f information that you contemplate an attack 
upon my camp, Avhilst I understand that you are impressed with the idea that an 
attack upon the arsenal and United States trooi)s is intended on the part of the militia 
of Missouri. I am greatly at a lo.ss to know what could justify you in attacking citi- 
zens of the United States who are in the lawful performance of duties devolving 
upon them under the Constitution in organizing and instructing the militia of the 
State in obedience to her laws, and therefore have been disposed to doubt the cor- 
rectness of the information I have received. 

] would l)e glad to know from you ])ersonally whether there is any truth in the 
statements that are c-onstantly poured into my ears. So far as regards any hostility 
being intended toward the (inited States or its property or representatives by any 
portion of my command, or, as far as I can learn (and I think I am fully informed), 
of any other part of the State forces, I can say jiositively that the idea has never 
been entertained. On the contrary, prior to your taking connnand of the arsenal, I 
proffered to Major Bell, then in command of the very few troops constituting its guard, 
24(3 



STATE GUARD, 247 

the service of myself and all my command, and, if necessary, the whole power of 
the State, to protect the United States in the full possession of all her property. 
Upon General Harney's taking command of this department I made the same prof- 
fer of services to him, and authorized his adjutant-general. Captain Williams, to com- 
municate the fact that such had been done to the War Department. I have had no 
occasion since to change any of the views I entertained at that time, neither of my 
own volition nor through the orders of my constitutional commander. 

I trust that, after this explicit statement, we may be able, by fully understanding 
each other, to keep far from our borders the misfortunes which so unhappily afflict 
our common country. 

This conununication will be handed to you by Colonel Bowen, my chief of staff, 
who will be able to explain anything not fully set forth in the foregoing. 
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

D. M. Frost, 
Brigadier-Genera!, Conimaadinfj Camp Jack-son, 3//.s-,sourf Volunteer Militia. 

[Oificial Records of the Union and Coafederate Aruiie.-?, Series II, Vol. I, p. 109.] 

Headquarters United States Troops, 

St. Louis, Mo., Maij 10, 1861. 
General D. 31. Frost, 

Coimnaiiding Camp Jackson. 
Sir: Your command is regarded as evidently hostile toward the Government of 
the United States. It is, for the most part, made up of those secessionists who have 
openly avowed their hostility to the General Government, and have been plotting at 
the seizure of its property and the overthrow of its authority. 

You are openly in conmumication with the so-called Southern Confederacy, which 
is now at war with the United States, and you are receiving at your caisip from the 
said Confederacj' and under its tlag large supplies of the material of war, most of 
which is known to be the property of the United States. 

These extraordinary preparations plainly indicate none other than the well-known 
purpose of the governor of this State, under whose orders you are acting, and whose 
purposes, recently communicated to the legislature, have just been responded to by 
that body in the most unparalleled legislation, having in direct view hostilities to 
the General Government and cooperation with its enemies. 

In view of these considerations, and of your failure to disperse in obedience to the 
proclamation of the President, and of the eminent necessities of State policy and wel- 
fare, and the obligations imposed ui)on me liy instructions from Washington, it is my 
duty to demand, and I do hereby demand, of you an immediate snrrender of your 
command, with no other conditions than that all persons surrendering under this 
demand shall be humanely and kindly treated. Believing myself prepared to enforce 
this demand, one-half hour's time l^efore doing so will be allowed for your compli- 
ance therewith. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

N. Lyon, 
Captain, Second Infanfn/, C'ommanding Troops. 
[Ibid., p. 110.] 

A copy of the reply of General Frost to Captain Lyon's demand for 
the sitrrender of the camp is embodied in a letter from the former to 
Brig. Gen. William S. Harney, commaiidino- the United States Depart- 
ment of the West, dated May 11, 18G1. in which General Frost referred 
at some length to the object of the encampment and its purpose with 
reference to the United States property at the St. Louis Arsenal. 
His letter to General Harney is as follows: 

St. Loris Aksenai,, Mo., Maij 11, 1S61. 
General William S. Harney, United States Arm;/, 

Cmnmanding Department of the ]Vest. 

Sir: In accordance with the laws of tlie State of Missouri which have been existing 
for some years anil in ol)edience to the orders of the goveruftr, on INIonday last [Mon- 
day, May <}, 1861] I entered into an encanijMiient with the militia force of St. Louis 
County for the purpose of instructing the same in accordance with the laws of the 
United States and of this State. P^very officer and soldier in my command had taken 
with uplifted hand the following oath, to wit: 

"Yon, each and every iine of you, do solemnly swear that you will honestly and 
faithfullv serve the State of ^Missouri a<rainst all her enemies, an<l that vou will do 



248 MISSOURI TROOPS — CONFEDERATE. 

your utmost to sustain tlie Constitution and laws of the Unitetl States and of tliis 
State ayrainst all violence of whatsoever kind or description; and you do further 
swear that you will well and truly execute and obey the legal orders of all officers 
properly placed over you whilst on duty, so help you (xod." 

Whilst in the peaceable performance of the duties devolved upon me and my com- 
mand under these laws, my encamjiment was yesterday surrounde<l by an over- 
whelming force of armed men, acting under the command of Caj^t. N. Lyon, Second 
Infantry, United States Army, and called U]K)u 1)y him through a written command 
accompanying this. To which communication 1 replied in the following terms, 
to wit: 

"Camp Jackson, :\Io., ^ful/ 10, 1^'61. 
"Capt. N. Lyon, Coinniandiag United Slates Troopn. 

■'Sik: I never for a moment having conceived the idea that so illegal and uncon- 
stitutional a demand as I have just received from you would be made by an officer of 
the Ihiited States Army, 1 am wholly unprepared to defend my command from this 
unwarranted attack, and shall therefore be forced to conqily with your demand. 
"I am, sir, very respectfully, vour obedient servant, 

"D. M. Frost, 
^'Brigadier-General, ConnnaiHling Ca)i)p Jackson, Missouri l^olnnteer Militia.''^ 

My command was in accordance with the above deprived of their arms and sur- 
rendered into the hands of Captain Lyon. After which, Avhilst thus disarmed and 
surrounded, a tire was opened upon a portion of it by his troops and a number (jf my 
men put to death, together with several innocent lookers-on — men, women, and chil- 
dren. My command was then marched as prisoners of war in triumph to this jilace. 
I am now informed, as I was at the time of the surrender, by the captain, that my 
command may be released upon the officers and men giving their parole "not to take 
up arms or to serve in a military caj^acity against the United States during the pres- 
ent civil war." 

Against the whole proceeding of Cajitain Lyon as well as against the terms of 
release T most earnestly protest, for the following reasons: 

That, in addition to the obligation of loyalty which rests upon every citizen, every 
man of my command now held as a prisoner has voluntarily taken an oath to sustain 
the Constitution and laws of the United States. 

That when my camp was attacked in this unwarrantable manner and during the 
previous days of its existence the only flags that floated there were those of the United 
States with all the stars, and its fellow V>earing alone the coat of arms of the State of 
Missouri. 

That, in addition to all this, on the morning before this attack was made I addressed 
to Captain Lyon a communication informing him of the proffer of services I had pre- 
viously made of myself and of all my command, and if necessary the wlmle jjower of 
the State of ^Missouri, to ])rotect the United States j)roperty, and assuring him that I 
had in no respect changed those views or opinions, either of my own volitiim or 
through any orders emanating from my constitutional commander. 

Under all these circumstances I apjieal to you as the chief representative of the 
United States in this department for justice on behalf of those loyal citizens who are 
now belli as prisoners of war, captured inider and marching t(t their })lace of confine- 
ment with the flag of the Union flying over their heads. I ask that you will not put 
upon the command the a<lditional indignity of requiring us to give our jiarole when 
we have already given our oath in support of the Constitution, but that you will 
order our restoration to the liberties of which we have been illegally dei)rived. as 
well as of the property of the State and individuals, as the larger portion of the e(]uip- 
meiits havv* licen purchased with the i)rivate funds of the individuals of my com- 
mand, both officers and men. 

I trust that such as have been so purchased will at least be restored to the pioper 
owners. 

I am, sir, very res])ectfully, y()ur ol)edieiit servant, 

1). >L Frost, 
liri(iudier-<leneral, Minsonri Vohndeei' Militia. 

[Ibid., p. ll.J.] 

It is possible tliiil (iciioral Frost wjis not aware of tlio iiitnitioiis of 
tho ( 'oiifcHliM'ate autlioiitics and tliosc of tho Stat(M)f Mis.souii "with 
rco'ai'd to tlio arsenal at St. Louis. What tlioso intentions were is 
shown in a corrosj)ondence l)otweon CiONornor Jackson and President 
Oavis a sliort time preoedino- the surrender of Camp Jackson. The 



STATE GUARD. 249 

governor's letter, dated April 17. 1861, has not been discovered, but 
its tenor is shown by the President's reply, bearing date April 23, 1861, 
which is as follows: 

MoxTGOMKRY, Ala., April 23, 1861. 
His Excellency C. F. Jacksox, 

(Governor of Mmouri. 

Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge yonrs of the 17th instant, borne by Captains 
Greene and Duke, and have most cordially welcomed the fraternal assurances it 
brings. 

A misplaced but generous confidence has, for years past, prevented the Southern 
States from making the preparation re(iuired by the present emergency, and our 
power to supply you with ordnance is far short of the will to serve you. After learn- 
ing as well as f could from the gentlemen accredited to me what was most needful 
for the attack on the arsenal, I have directed that Captains < Jreene and Duke should 
be furnished with two 12-pounder howitzers and two 32-pounder guns, with the 
proper ammunition for each. These, from the commanding hills, will be effective, 
b(jth against the garrison and to breach the inclosing walls of the j^lace. I concur 
with you as to the great im])ortance of capturing the arsenal and securing its supplies, 
rendered doubly important by the means taken to obstruct your commerce and render 
you unarmed victims of a hostile invasion. 

We look anxiously and hopefully for the day when the star of Missouri shall be 
added to the constellation of the Confederate States of America. 
With best wishes, I am, ver}^ respectfully yours, 

Jefferson Davis. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. I, p. 688.] 

As a part of the contemporaneous history of the events culminating 
in the capture of Camp Jackson it may not be inappropriate to quote 
a portion of Captain Lyon's report to his Government: 

St. Louis Arsenal, May 11, 1861. 
Col. L. Thomas, 

AdjutcDit-General United States Arniy. 

Sir: * * * The steamer ./. ('. Snun arrived at St. Louis on the night of the 8th 
with a large supply of military stores, including, as I was informed, muskets, ammu- 
nition, and cannon taken on board at Baton Rouge, and there obtained from the 
arsenal. The boat arriving in the night, great industry was used to transport these 
stores during the night (and before being likely to be exposed in the morning) to the 
camp of what is called the State militia, and which is ma<le up for the most part of 
what has for a long time been known as a l)ody of rabiil and vi(jlent opi)Osers of the 
General Go\ernment, and who have, during this time, been a terror to all loyal and 
peaceful citizens. 

Their extraordinary and unscrupulous conduct, and their evident design, and of 
the governor of this State, to take a position of hostility to the United States, are 
matters of extensive detail and of abounding evidence. Having appealed to the South 
for assistance, every appearance indicated a rapiil accumulation of men an<l means 
for .seizing (lovernment property and overturning its authority. I accordingly fore- 
saw that under the extraordinary measures of the governor and legislature of this 
State aggressions would soon commence against the (Teneral < iovernment on the part 
of these opposers of it, and of all who were in such a state of hostilities, willing to 
support the State against the Government. Of this there can l)e no doubt, as also 
that the issue would be taken by tlie State as soon as she felt able to sustain it. It 
was therefore neces-ary to meet this embarrassing complication as early as possible, 
and accordingly I proceeded yesterday with a large body of troojis, supjmrted by 
artillery, to the camj) above referred to, and which is situated in the western part of 
the city, at what is known as Lindell's (irove, between Olive street and Laclede 
avenue, and arrived at :1L5 p. m., and demanded of General Frost, the commander, 
a surrender of his entire command. Copies of the corres])ondence are herewith 
inclosed. 

Of the stores from Batijn Rouge Arsenal, so far as understood, there weie found 
three 32-pounder guns, one mortar, three mortar l)eds, and a large supply of shot 
and shells in ale barrels. iVll these artillery pieces were in boxes of heavy plank, 
and were addressed "Tamoroa, care of Greely tt (rale, St. Louis," "I. C. R. R.," to 
whom no delivery was ma<le, this beitig a guise to cover the movement, and (jreely 
& Gale being known as strong l-nion men saved them from close scrutiny. No doubt 
many arms, the mortars corresponding to the beds, and other war materials were 



250 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

received, agreeably to numerous reports made, but which can be obtained only by a 
thorough search over the city. Of the material besides tents, baggage, camp equip- 
ments, etc., left in camp l>y the troops, were 1,200 ritle muskets of United States 
manufacture, late model, .58 caliber; 6 field pieces, brass; 25 kegs of powder; from 
30 to 40 horses; and several arm chests of arms understood to be like the 1,200 
muskets mentioned. 

* ****** 

Respectfullv, vour obedient servant, 

N. Lyox, 
Cajitain, Second In fa ntn/, ('oinmnndmij. 
[Ibid., Series II, Vol. I, p. 107.] 

The general as.sembW had been summoned by the governor to 
meet in .special .session at Jefferson City on the 2d of May, "for the 
purpose of enacting such measures as might be deemed necessary and 
proper for the more perfect organization and equipment of the militia 
and to raise the mone}^ and provide such of the means as might be 
required to place the State in a proper attitude of defen.se'' (The 
Fight for Missouri. Snead, p. 151), and measures looking to that end 
were speedily adopted. 

By an act of the assembly approved Ma}' 9, 1861. the sum of -$10,000 
was placed at the disposal of the governor, to be applied at his dis- 
cretion to such military service or expenses as immediate necessit}^ 
might require, and by another act of the same date the governor was 
authorized to continue in the active service of the State all or such of 
the volunteer companies that he had ordered into encampment for such 
time as he might think necessary. Following are copies of these 
enactments: 

AN ACT to create a special military fund for the use of the govenuir. 

Be it enacted by the general assemhli/ of the State of Missouri as follows: Section 1. That 
the sum of ten thousand dollars is hereby appropriated, out of any money in the 
treasury, and is hereby placed at the disposal of the governor, to be applied by him, 
at his discretion, to such military service or ex})onses as immediate necessity may 
require. 

* * * * * * * 

This act to take effect and Ije in force from and after its passage. 

Approved, May 9, 1861. 

[Laws of the State of Missouri, called session, Twenty-tirstlieneral Assemlily, i>. 47.] 

AN ACT in relation to the volunteer militia of Missouri. 

Be it enacted by the general ansonbly oftlie State of Missouri as folloirs: Section 1. That 
the governor of the State is hereby authorized and empowered to continue in the 
active service of the State all or such of the volunteer companies that he has hereto- 
fore ordered into encampment for such time as he may think necessary. 

This act to take effect and l)e in force from and after its passage. 

Approved, May 9, 1861. 

[Ibid., p. 44.]' 

On May 10, IStll. the date of the surrender of Camp Jack.son, an 
additional sum of ^20.000 was phiced at the disposal of the governor, 
and on the same date the governor was authorized to take such meas- 
ures as he might deem necessary to repel invasion or put down rebel- 
lion. The enactments thus providing are as follows: 

AN ACT placing money at the disposal of the governor for the defense of the State. 

Be it enacted by the general assembly of the State of Missouri as follovs: Section 1. In 
addition to the sum of ten tliousand dollars lieretofore approjiriated, the further sum 
of tw«'iity tliousand dollars is lieri'by ajiprojiriated, out of any money in the treat^ury, 
to be placed at the disi)o.>jal of the governor, to be u.<ed by him for the purpose of 



STATE GUARD. 251 

maintaining the peace and safety of the State in such manner as his discretion may 
direct. 

* * * * * * * 

This act to take effect and be in force from and after its passage. 
Approved, May 10, 1861. 
[Ibid., p. 47.]' 

AN ACT to authorize the governor of the State of Missouri to suppress rebellion and repel invasion. 

Whereas, information has been received that the city of St. Louis has been invaded 
by the citizens of other States, and a portion of the people of said city are in a state 
of rebellion against the laws of the State, whereby the lives and property of the good 
people of the State are endangered : Therefore, 

Be it enacted bif the generahiKxenthli/ of the State of Mmuari as folloivs: Section 1. That 
the governor of the State of Missouri is hereby authorized to take such measures as 
in his judgment he may deem necessary or proper to repel sucli invasion or put down 
such rebellion. 

This act shall take effect from its passage. • 

Approved, May 10, 1861. 

[Ibid., p. 48.] 

On the following" day, May 11, 1S61, an act was parsed "to raise 
nione}' to arm the State, repel invasion, and protect the live.s and prop- 
erty of the people of Mi.s.souri.'' This act is in part as follows: ' 

AN ACT to raise money to arm the State, repel invasion, and protect the lives and property of the 

people of Missouri. 

Be it enacted by the general assembli/ of the State of Missouri as folloics: Section 1. For 
the purpose of arming and equipping the militia and providing for the successful 
defense of the State against all her foes there is hereby created a fund, to be denom- 
inated the "militia fund." * * * [The provisions for creating this fund are here 
omitted.] 

Sec. 5. The governor is hereby authorized and required to purchase such arms, 
munitions of war, and books of instruction as he may deem best suited to accomplish 
the object designed by this act. * * * The governor of the State is also empow- 
ered to use a ixjrtion of said military fund for the purpose of establishing an armory 
in the State penitentiary; and in order to carry into effect this object he may pur- 
chase materials and machinery and contract with any party leasing said penitentiary 
for the manufacture of arms and munitions of war, and for this purpose may u.se all 
or any portion of the convict labor. 

* * * * * * , * 

This act to take effect from its passage. 
Approved, May 11, 1861. 
[Ibid., p. 52.] 

By an act approved May 13, IStil, the governor was authorized, 
whenever in his opinion the secui'ity and welfare of the State might 
require it, to take possession of all railroad and telegraph lines within 
the State; and by an act of May 11 he was authorized to esta))lish 
foundries ''for the manufacture of arms" and for "other necessary 
purposes." 

On the latter date. May 11, 1801, an act was passed ))v the assembly 
"to provide for the organization, government, and support of the 
militia forces of the State of ^Missouri." This act contains 216 sec- 
tions and 4:8 articles of war. Besides providing for the organization 
of the militia forces of the State, to be designated the "Mi.s.souri State 
Guard," it provided for the organization of "Home Guards" for 
local service, and prohibited the formation of '"armed clubs"' or other 
military organizations except as i)rovided by the terms of the act. 



252 MISSOUKI TROOPS — CONFEDERATE. 

Such portions of the ontictnient as are necessary for the purposes of 
this paper, oiuitting- unnecessarv details, are quoted below: 

AN ACT to provide for the org;iniziitio!i, government, and support of the niilitiiry forces of the State 

of Missouri. 

Be it enacted hi/ tin' general asateinhlji of the Stati- of Missouri nxfolloirs: 

MILITARY DISTRICTS. 

Section 1. All al>le-b(Mlied free white male inhabitants of the State of ^lissouri 
between the ages (.>f 18 and 45 years who shall be enrolled or liable to militai-y duty 
under the provisions of this act shall constitute, be known, and designated as the 
"Missouri State (hiaid;" and tlie State of Missouri is hereby divided into nine mili- 
tary districts and divisions, as follows, viz: 



Sec. 12. It shall he the duty of the governor to nominate and, by and with the 
advice and consent of the senate, to appoint the following general officers, to wit: 
One brigadier-general for each military district in the State, who shall command the 
whole military force therein: Proridecf, That the whole number of brigadier- 
generals in the State shall never exceed nine who shall be in commission at any one 
time besides the governor's staff, and every brigadier-general shall reside in the 
military district comprising his command; and the brigadier-generals thus appointed 
shall hold their offices until their successors shall be elected and qualified. 

Sec. 13. Whenever in any one military district the numljer of organized companies 
shall reach twenty-four, there shall be elected a brigadier-general by the commis- 
sioned otHcers of the line of such district, who shall hold his office during good 
behavior. 



COMMANDER IN CHIEF. 

Sec 16. It shall be the duty of the commander in chief to require that a uniform 
system of drill, discipline, returns, reports, and accounts is observed throughout the 
State, and that all conunanding officers of districts shall make such reports and 
returns as will enable him at all times to have exact information of the strength and 
military conditioTi of all the State forces. 



COMMANDING OFFICERS OF DISTRICTS — DUTIES AND POWERS. 

Sec. 24. It shall be his duty to report at once to the commander in chief, and also 
to the governor, any insurrection in or invasion of his district, and until he sliall 
receive sjjecial orders in the case from his superiors he shall take such measures to 
repel the invasion or sujipress the insurrection as are at his command and best cal- 
culated to maintain the peace and dignity of the State. 



OIU; ANIMATION. 

Sec. 38. All troops mustered into the service of the State, whether the same be 
volunteers or drafted, shall be officially known and designated as the "Missouri State 
Guard;" and all cfunpanics shall be known and designated in their respective regi- 
ments, battalions, or squadrons by the letters of the alphabet, beginning with the 
letter "A," but may have special com|iai!y di'signations. 

VOI.INTEERS. 

Sec 39. The active force of the line of the ^lissouri State (iuard shall, in time of 
peace, be raised and kept up by voluntary enlistment, which enlistment shall l>e for 
a term of seven vears. 



STATE GUARD. 253 

Sec. 40. The companies cif infantry shall not contain less than 50 nor more than 
100 members; of cavalry, not less than 50 nor more than 80; of artillery, not less than 
48 nor more than 100. 

Sec. 41. Whenever an association of individuals shall desire to volunteer as a com- 
pany, into the military service of the State of ^Missouri, they shall itmcure, in accord- 
ance with the preceding section, the nundier of men required for the particular arm 
to which they wish to attacii themselves, all of whom must he able-bodied citizens 
of the State of Missouri and not less than 18 years of age. * * * The members 
of the association, to the nund»er required by law for their particular arm, having 
assembled at the time and place specified, the mustering officer will then proceed to 
muster them into the service of the State in the following manner: Causing each 
and every individual to holil up Ids naked right liand he shall administer the fol- 
lowing oath: "You, each and every one of you, do solenmly swear, or affirm (as the 
case may be), that you will bear true allegiance to the State of Missouri, and that 
you will serve her honestly and faitlifully against all her enendes or opposers what- 
soever; that you will support the constitution of the State of Missouri and observe 
and obey the orders of the governor of Missouri, and the orders of the officers 
appointed over you, whilst on duty, according to the rules and articles for the govern- 
ment of the Missouri State Guard; so help you God." The foregoing oath having 
been adnnnistered to at least 50 mend:>ers, the nuistering officer will tlien direct the 
company to go into an election of one caj)tain, one first, one second, and one third 
lieutenant; and, presiding over such election, shall appoint three discreet and disin- 
terested persons to receive and count the ballots in his presence; and no officer shall, 
at any time, be considered elected unless he shall receive a majority of the votes 
cast; and no election for company officers shall be valid unless at least 35 legal votes 
are polled, and each officer elected must accept such election in writing. 



REGIMENT — HOW CONSTITITED. 

Sec. 50. A regiment shall consist of not less than six nor more than eight com- 
panies of the same arm, but companies of other arms may be attached by order of 
the commanding officer of <listrict. 

* * * * * » ■ » 

DIVISION — now CONSTITfTED. 

Sec 54. The military force, enlisted and enrolled in any one military district, shall 
constitute a division. 



ARMY CORPS. 

Sec. 56. An army corps shall consist only of troops actually in the field, and may 
comprise one or more regiments, muting the different arms of infantry, cavalry, and 
artillery, with the proper staff corjis, thus forming a complete army in itself, and 
may be composed of a quota of troops from the different nnlitary districts, all of 
whom shall V)e commanded by the senior officer of the line in the field, the 
commander in chief in person, or by a brigadier-general specially detailed thereto 
bv the commander in chief. 



DIFFERENT CORPS. 



Sec. 67. Nothing in this act shall be so construed as to deprive any portion of the 
volunteer forces now organized under the name of "Volunteer >rilitia of Missouri," 
saving and excepting division inspectors, of the rights, privileges, immunities, or 
rank acquired by them under existing laws; but ail companies so organized shall, as 
quickly as possible, recruit their companies to the legal standard, and in all other 
respects conform to this law. 



Sec 94. It shall be the duty of the auditor of public accounts to set apart and 
cause to be retained by itself one-twentieth of the general revenue of this State, 
which shall be and constitute the general military fund of the State, and out of 



254 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

which nhall be paid the salaries of the adjutant-general, quartermaster-general, and 
all other accounts required l^y the provisions of this act to be paid, on any account 
audited bv the military board for the benefit of the Missouri State Guard. 



BRINXiIXG TROOPS INTO THE FIELD. 

Sec. 135. Whenever it shall be necessary for the defense of the State, the main- 
tenance of public tranquillity, the sui)pression of riot, rebellion, or insurrection, or 
the repelling of invasion, that the military force of the State, or any part thereof, 
be called into the field, the commanding officers of districts shall first have recourse 
to the organized enlisted force in their respective districts (having due regard to the 
appropriateness of arms to the kind of service required, and giving preference to 
troops nearest the place of distur))ance); and should such organized enlisted force 
be deemed insufficient for the requirements of the service such commanding officer 
of the district in which such disturbance may exist shall be authorized to accept 
the services of a sufficient number of volunteers from the enrolled force of such dis- 
trict; and should there continue to be an insufficiency of force in the field for the 
requirements of the service, then the commander in cliief may, in his discretion, 
order the commanding officer of such district to draft from the enrolled force of his 
district, as shall be hereinafter provided, such number of men as may be required; 
or the commander in chief may order the organized enlisted force from any other 
or adjoining d-istrict to the support and defense of the district w^herein such dis- 
turbance may exist. 

Sec. 136. Whenever the necessities of the public may require that troops shall be 
retained in the field for a longer period than six months, the commander in chief 
shall first determine the number of troops required for the service, and apportion 
the same among the military districts, having reference to the enrolled force in each 
district. He shall then issue his order to the commanding otficers of districts, 
wherein shall be stated the total number of men required, the ])eriod for which 
such troops shall be called into service, the particular arm of the service in which 
such troops shall be required to serve, and the place and time for general rendez- 
vous; and the commanding officers of districts shall, immediately upon the reception 
of such orders from the commander in chief, proceed to raise, organize, and forward 
to the place of general rendezvous the quota as required in the order of the com- 
mander in chief; and in order thereto they shall be authorized to accept the services 
of such persons as may volunteer, first, from the organized enlisted force of their 
respective districts; second, from the enrolled military force of their respective dis- 
tricts; and should there be an insufficiency of men to sujiph' the quota required, 
such commanding otficers of districts will at once apportion the deficit of men among 
the counties comjirised in their respective districts, having reference to the enrolled 
force therein, and proceed to draft from the same as hereinafter provided. And 
whenever troops shall be called into the field under the provisions of this section, 
the same shall constitute, be known and designated as a distinct army corps; and 
the commander in chief may order, at his discretion, by special detail, any one of 
the commanding officers of any military district in the State to the command of such 
army cor])s, and relieve such officer at i>leasure. And whenever an army corps shall 
be commanded l)y any officer of lower rank than the commanding ofiicer of the 
military district in which such corps may be serving, such officer of such corps shall 
be sul)ordinate to such commanding officer of such military district and subject to 
his orders. 



ARMED CLUBS PROHIBITED. 

Sec. 167. It is hereby declared unlawful for any number of the inhabitants of 
this State to unite togetiier in the semblance of an armed organization without hav- 
ing been first duly organized and mustered into thi- ser\ice of the Stati' under the 
provisions of tins act; and whenever it shall come to the knowledge of any officer 
or soldier of the Missouri State (iuard that such an armed organization has been or 
is likely tc be attempted, it shall be his duty to immediately notify the command- 
ing officer of the district in which such organization has l)een or is to be attempted 
of the fact, and it shall be the duty of the commanding officer of such district to 
immediately disarm the same; and to this end he shall have authority to use so 
much of the military force at his conunand as will obtain that end; and all arms 
found in i)ossessi()n of such organization shall be confiscated to the State, and be • 
seized and forwarded to the State arsenal: J'ruridcd, That nothing in this section 
shall be so construeil as to prevent the summoning a posse comitatus by a sheriff or 
other civil ofiicer to enforce the execution of any civil process. 



STATE GUARD. 255 

HOME GUARD. 

Sec. 168. The division inspector of tlie district, or liis assistant, may organize, under 
and according to the provisions of tiiis act, one or more companies of men for a Home 
Guard, to remain in and perform military service in the county in which they are 
organized, and shall he under the conti'ol of the commamling officer of the district. 

Sec. 169. The county in which such Home Guards shall he raised shall i)ay all the 
expenses of such companies. * * * 

Sec. 170. All white ])ersons over the age of fourteen and under the age of eighteen 
years (with the consent of their parents, guardians, or masters), and all white 
persons over the age of forty-five years, and none others, shall he competent to serve 
in the Home Guard. 

ST.\TE TROOPS — HOW CALLED OUT. 

Sec. 171. The commander in chief shall have power at anytime (when the gen- 
eral assembly is not in session) to call into the active service of the State any num- 
ber of the State forces that he may deem necessary for the purpose of suppressing 
insurrection, repelling invasion, or for the protection of the lives, liberty, or jjroperty 
of any citizens of this State. 

Sec. 172. If any officer of the State Guard shall willfully fail or refuse to comply 
with the orders of the commander in chief, under the foregoing section, such officer 
shall, on conviction before a court-martial, l)e cashiered, and otherwise punished 
by. line or imprisonment, as may be adjudged ])y such court. 



SERVICE outside OK THE STATE. 

Sec. 177. Whenever volunteers may be required to serve outside the limits of the 
State, the preference shall be given to the companies organized under this act; and 
the commander in chief shall jiroclaim the numl)er of companies he requires and the 
day on which the selection will be made; and if on that day more companies have 
applied than are necessary he shall decide by lot which shall be received of those 
that have so volunteered. 

******* 

This act to take effect and be in foi'ce from and after its i^assage. 
Approved, May 14, 1861. 
[Ibid., pp. 3-43.] 

On the loth of May special provision was made for the distribution 
of the militia act. This was done by an act of the assembly of which 
the following is a copy: 

AX ACT to provide for the di.'^tribution of the militia law. 

Be it enacted by the general assiemhh/ of the State of Missouri, as follows: Section 1. 
That the secretary of state is hereby authorized and directed to have 5,000 copies 
of the act to ])rovide for the organization, government, and supi)ort of the military 
force of the State of Missouri printed in pamphlet form, and distribute the same 
immediately, by mail or otherwise, under the direction of the adjutant-general of the 
State, according to the population of each county, respectively. 

This act to take effect from its passage. 

Approved, May 15, 1861. 

[Ibid., p. 44.]" 

On the same date an act was passed authorizino- the appointment of 
a major-general to command the militia. This act is as follows: 

AN ACT to authorize the appointment of ono major-general for the Missouri militia. 

Be it enacted by the general assembly of the State of Mv^souri, as follows: Section 1. 
The governor is hereby authorized to appoint one major-general, who shall, in time of 
insurrection, invasion, or war, command the entire military force in the field, and 
shall hold his office during good behavior. 

Sec. 2. The appointment of said major-general shall be subject to the confirmation 
of the senate; and should the general assembly not be in session at the time of the 



256 MISSOURI TR(X)PS CONFEDERATE. 

appointment of said major-general, said appointment shall 1)8 subject to confirma- 
tion at the next session thereafter. 

Sec. 3. The said major-general shall be ex officio president of the military board 
authorized to Vje created by an act to provide for the organization and government 
of the militia, approved May 13, 1861; but shall have no command, except of troops 
actually in the field. 

This act to take effect and be in force from and after its passage. 

Approved, May 15, 1861. 

[Ibid., p. 43.] 

The organization of the Missouri State Guard was at once begun. 
On the 18th of May, Maj. Gen. Sterling Price assumed command and 
announced his staff in the following general order: 

Genekal Orders, 1 Headquarters Missouri State Guard, 

No. 3. / Jefferson City, Mcui 18, 1S61. 

1. The undersigned hereby assumes command of the Missouri State Guard. 

2. The following-named officers are announced as composing the staff of the major- 
general commanding: Col. Henry Little, assistant adjutant-general; Lieut. Col. A. 
W. Jones, aide-de-camp; Lieut. Col. R. T. Morrison, aide-de-camp; Surg. William N. 
Snodgrass, medical director; Asst. Surg. H. W. Cross, assistant medical director. 

3. All communications for the commanding general will be addressed to the 
"Assistant Adjutant-General, Headquarters of the Missouri State Guard," and until 
further orders will be directed to Jefferson City, Mo. 

Sterling Price, 
Mujor-Gericral, L'ounmmd'nici. 
[Official Records of the LTnion and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. LIII, p. 
686.] 

On the following day special orders for the organization of the 
troops of the Sixth Militar}- District were issued, as follows: 

Special Orders, 1 Headquarters Missouri State Guard, 

No. 4. J Jefferson Cifij, May 19, 1861. 

1. The brigadier-general commanding the Sixth Military District, Missouri State 
Guard, will take innnediate .>^teps to organize into regiments all the troojis in his 
district now in the field. Tliis organization will be made in accordance with the 
new military laws of the State. 

2. It is left to the discretion of the brigadier-general commanding the district to 
organize the regiments of six or eight companies, and the mounted companies may 
be attached to the regiments as provided for in section 50 of the military laws. 

3. After the organization of regiments is complete, should there be surplus com- 
panies not sufficient in number to form a regiment of six, they will be organized into 
a battalion of two or four couiitanies, in accordance with section 48, military laws. 
AVhen l)y the arrival of other companies these battalions are augmented to the 
requisite number they will be organized into regiments. 

By command of Maj. Gen. Sterling Price: 

Henry Little, Axshtrnd ^\djut(tnt-(>eneral. 
[IV)id., p. 686.] 

The War Department records of appointment and organization are 
incom])lete and no record has been found of the orders issued at this 
time to the other district commandci's, but it is stated ])y Thomas L. 
Snead in his history, The Fight for Missouri (p. IS-l), that on the 21st 
of May the governor announced the appointment of nine ))rigadier- 
generals (one for each military district) and that "their connnissions 
were forthwith transmitted to all, with orders to enroll at once the 
men within their respective districts, and get them ready for active 
service." The author of this publication was an aide-de-camp on the 
staff of the governor, and acting adjutant-general of the ^lissouri State 
Guard. lie gives the names of the nine brigadier-gHMierals. as follows: 
Alexander ^V. Doniphan. M. Monro(^ Parsons, ,Iames S. Kains, John 
B. C-lari<. Meriwetber Lewis Chirk, Nathaniel W. Watkins. Beverly 
Randoli)h, William Y. Slack, and James H. McBride. 



STATE GUARD. 257 

On the 21st of May Col. John R eid, "• commissary -g^eneral," was 
announced as "chief of the subsistence department" on the staff' of 
the major-general conimandino-. (Official Kecords of the I'nion and 
Confederate Armies. Series I, Vol. LIII. p. 687.) While the organi- 
zation of the Missouri State Guard was thus in progress, a convention 
was entered into V)etween General Price, the major-general connuanding. 
and Brig. Gen. W. S. Harney, commanding the United States forces, 
in which it was declared to be their mutual object to restore peace 
and good order to the people of the State. Following is a copy of the 
agreement: 

tST. Louis, J/i-/// Jl, 18(il. 

The underhiigned, officers of the United States Government and of the government 
of the State of Missouri, for the i)urpose of removing misajiprehensions and allaying 
public excitement, deem it j)roi>er t<) declare ])ui)licly that they have this day had a 
personal interview in this city, in which it has l)een mutually understood, without 
the semblance of dissent on either part, that each of them has im other than a com- 
mon object, equally interesting ami important to every citizen of Missouri — that of 
restoring peace and gooil order to the people of the State in sul)ordination to the laws 
■of the (ieneral and State governments. It being thus understood, there seems no 
reason why every citizen should not confide in the proper officers of the (ieneral and 
State governments to restore ijuiet, and, as among the best means of offering no coun- 
terinfluences, we nuitually recommend to all persons to respect each other's rights 
throughout the State, making no attempt to exercise unauthorized powers, as it is 
the determination of the proper authorities to suppress all unlawful proceedings, 
which can only disturb the public peace. 

General Price, having l>y commission full authority over the militia of the State of 
Missouri, undertakes, with the sanction of the governor of the State already declared, 
to direct the whole power of the State officers to maintain order witliin the State 
aniong the people thereof, and General Harney pulilicly declai-es that, this ol)ject 
being thus assured, he can have no occasion, as he has no wish, to make military 
movements which might otherwise create excitements and jealousies, which he most 
earnestly desires to avoiil. 

A\'e, the undersigned, do therefore mutually enjoin upon the people of the State to 
attend to their civil business of whatsoever sort it may l)e, and it is to be ho])ed that 
the unquiet elements, which have threatened so seriously to disturb the public peace, 
may soon subside and be remendjcred only to be deplored. 

Sterling Price, 
Major- (ieneral, Mlitsonri State Gaard. 
Wm. S. Harnev, 
Brigadier- (ieneral, ( 'otii )nandinfi. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. Ill, p. 375.] 

Following this declaration, on the 24:th of May, the militia of 
the Sixth Militarv District, except those fron] the city of St. Louis, 
were ordered to their homes, but the work of organization was to be 
continued. The order to the connuanding genei'al of the Sixth District 
was as follows: 

General Orders, \ Heaikjuarters Missouri State Guard, 

No. 5. i Jefferson ('it tj, MamU, 1861. 

I. The brigadier-general commanding the Sixth ^Military District will take imme- 
diate steps to send to their respective homes all the troops ikjw in the field in said 
district, except those from tlie city of St. Louis. The mounted companies and all 
infantry companies that can reach their homes l)y railroad will be first ordered away. 

II. On reaching their respective counties and <Hstrictsthe captain of each of said 
companies will innnediately report, either in ])erson or Ijy letter, to the district com- 
mander, who will contimie their conij)any organization and proceed to organize 
them into regiments, as required by the military laws. 

III. Each captain before leaving here will j)repare and give the necessary bond 
for all the arms and eciuipments belonging to the State in the possession of his 
company. 

IV. As soon as the necessary blanks can be jirepared an officer will be sent to the 
.several districts of the State to muster and pay the troops that have been in actual 
service from the time they have been so employed. 

S. Doc. 412 — ^17 



258 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

V. The quartermaster and comiiiissary departments will prepare the necessary- 
means for transportation and subsistence of said trooi)s without delay. 
By command of Maj. Gen. Sterling Price: 

Hexry Little, Asffistant Adjutant- General. 
[Ibid., Series I, Vol. LIII, p. 689.] 

A.s indicatino- the condition of affairs in Missouri at this time the 
following correspondence is here inserted: 

Headquarters Department of the West, 

St. Louis, ^fo., May 24, 1861. 
Gen. Sterling Price, Jefferson City, Mo. : 

I am informed that troops and arms are coming into Missouri from Arkansas. Is 
such the case? Would it not be well for me to station a regiment in the southern 
frontier of Missouri? Please answer bv telegraph. 

Wm. S. Harney, 
Brigadier- General, Commanding. 
[Ibid., Series I, Vol. Ill, p. 378.] 



Jefferson City, Mo., May 24, 1861. 
Gen. AV. S. Harney, United States Army: 

I am satisfied your information is incorrect. It can not be that arms or men are 
coming into Missouri from any quarter without the knowledge of the governor or 
myself. We have no such information. I advise that you do not send a regiment 
into the southwest; it will exasperate our own j^eople. I have attended to dispatches 
inclosed me by you from Springfield and St. Joseph. I am dismissing my troops, 
and I will carry out our agreement faithfully. 

Sterling Price, 
Major- General, Commanding Missouri Slate Guard. 
[Ibid., p. 379.] 



Headquarters Department of the West, 

St. Louis, Mo., May 27, 1861. 
Maj. Gen. Sterling Price, 

Com)nandirig Mixxouri State (uiard, .hfferson City, Mo. 
General: I am just in receipt of a telegraphic dispatch from Springfield, Mo., 
which seems to be reliable, that a force is either organized or being organized in Ark- 
kansas, near the Missouri line, with the avowed purpose of entering this State to 
disturb its relation with the General Government. I lose no time in communicating 
this intelligence, in order that you may not be misled by rumors of measures which 
may ])e necessary on my part to meet this threatened hostility. In our recent 
arrangement a contingency like this was not looked for, and in any event it could 
hardly be expected of j'ou to assume the responsibility of repelling an invasion from 
Arkansas which, should further information justify an expectation of it, must be met 
by myself. 

I take great pleasure in expre.ssing the belief that our late meeting in this city will 
result in the good of our connnon country. 

I have the honor to l)e, general, with high respect, your obedient servant, 

Wm. S. Hakney, 
Brigadier-Oeneral, Commanding. 
[Ibid.] 



Headquarters Department of the West, 

,S'/. Louis, Mo., May 27, 1861. 
]Nhij. (ien. Sterling Price, Mis.^oiiri Statr Guard. 

< Jenekal: I am in the receipt of numerous communii-ations setting forth that aggres- 
sions continue to be committed upon Union men in different portions of Missouri, 
more especially at and in the vicinity of Sjiringfield, Hannibal, St. Joseph, and Kan- 
sas City. 



STATE GUARD. 1259 

These complaints, coming as they do from sources which I regard as rehable, 
occasion me no little embarrassment, and I have thought it might, perhaps, become 
my duty to afford protection at the places above indicated to the extent of authoriz- 
ing the organization of Home Guards, unless you can give me assurances that such a 
measure is unnecessary, and I trust that the raising of a force of this description at 
any point, for home purposes merely, should occasion seem to me to require it, would 
not be regarded by you as an infraction of the agreement entered into between us on 
the 21st instant. 

I shall be glad to hear from you upon the subject of this communication at your 
earliest convenience. 

I have the honor to be, general, with high respect, your obedient servant, 

Wm. S. Harney, 
Brigadier-General, Commanding. 
[Ibid.] 



Headquarteks Missouri State Guard, 

Jefferson City, Mo., May ^9, 1861. 
Brig. Gen. W. 8. Harxev, United States Army, 

St. Louis, Mo. 

General: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your two communica- 
tions of date 27th instant. 

In reply to your propositions to establish or organize Home Guards in certain 
localities, I have to say that such a step, in my opinion, W'ould bring about the 
very state of things we mutually desire to avoid, to wit, hostilities between the 
Federal and State governments. In the present state of excitement among the people 
the arming of one portion of a community by the Federal Government would very 
naturally be looked upon by the other in a spirit of jealousy, and, in my opinion, 
would have a tendency to excite those who now hold conservative peace positions 
into exactly the contrary attitude, an example of which we have in St. Louis. It 
would undoubtedly, in my opinion, lead to neighborhood collision, the forerunner 
of civil war. Additional reasons might be urged why you should abandon the estab- 
lishment of these Home Guards, palpable to yourself, if the desire is to avoid civil 
war in Missouri. 

With regard to the other point in your letter, relative to complaints of Union men, 
I have instituted strict inquiry relative to every case within mj' knowledge, and beg 
leave to reassure you that in no single instance have these acts been instigated or 
recognized by meetings or organizations of any kind; but wherever and whenever 
happening, prove to be the offspring of irresponsible individuals, and no effort has 
been left undone on my part to prevent even this, and shall be continued in the 
future. You will observe from published orders that I positively enjoin upon all 
citizens of the State the scrupulous ]irotection of individual property and rights, irre- 
spective of political ojnnions. ^Mth these views and deductions, I feel assured that 
you will aaeee with me that to carry out your proposed plan would be exceedingly 
injudicious, if not ruinous, to the jieace of the State. General, it is my unchanged 
and honest intention to carry out to the letter the agreement entered into between 
us, and I can but feel assured, from the high sense of honor that has always attended 
your public acts, that j-ou will, with equal fidelity, observe the same on your part. 

On receipt of your telegram of yesterday I immediately dispatched two highly 
respectal)le citizens of Springfield, who replied that no troops from Arkansas were 
expected or desired. The assertion in tlie Democrat that wagons had been sent from 
Sedalia to Arkansas for arms is wholly untrue. Should, however, troops enter Missouri 
from Arkansas or any other State, be assured that I will cause them to return, and 
thus save you frf)m tiie taking of a step which I could not with justice construe into 
any other light than a violation of our agreement, and such a violation as would, in 
my opinion, undoubtedly precipitate civil hostilities. 

I have the honor to be, general, with much respect, your obedient servant. 

Sterling Price, 
Major- General, Comvuniding. 

[Ibid., p. 380.] 

Further inforniiition as to the condition of affairs in the State and 
the intention of the State authorities is contained in a letter addressed 
b}' Lieut. Gov. Thomas C. Reynolds to the President of the Confederate 
States under date of June 3, 1801, in which the President was invited 



260 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

to send a force of Confederate troop.s into the State to form a nutleus 
around which the Missoiirians mig-ht oather "to form a home force to 
protect their menaced liberties." This letter is as follows: 

Memphis, Tknn., Jane 3, 1S61. 
His Excellenry Jkffersox Davis, 

President of the Confederate States of America. 

Sir: You are doubtless partially aware of the present condition of Missouri. As 
shown by the proclamation of General Harney, herewith inclose(i, it is the tixeil 
purpose of the Uniteil States (Tovernment to suppress her State sovereignty, ]jrevent 
by force the arming and disciplining of her militia, and the asseml)ling of her legis- 
lature or her sovereign convention for any jnirpose unacceptable to the Lincoln 
Administration. This fixed policy has already been exhibited in several instances, 
particularly in the affair at Camp Jackson, near St. Louis, accounts of which I here- 
with inclose. The answer made by General Harney to the writ of habeas corpus 
issued by the Unite<l States district judge for the eastern district of Missouri, in the 
case of Eminett MacDonald (an extract from which is herewith inclosed), shows 
clearly the intention of the United States authorities to act under a "higher law," 
and disregard even the Constitution of the United States itself in their attempt to 
reduce Missouri to the condition of a subject province. The ])()sition assumed by 
her general assembly in this matter is shown in the resolutions (herewith inclosed) 
unanimously adopted ])y both ])ranches of that body. The people, however, are 
unorganized, but not entirely unarmed. Good judges assure me that 60.000 rifles 
and shotguns are in the hands of true Southern men in our State, and my own 
knowledge of our people convinces me that at least two-thirds, and possil)ly three- 
fourths, of the voters of Missouri desire a speedy union with the Confederate States; 
but in our present condition it is impossible to call together our convention or take 
a popular vote on the question. That l)ody can not now direct any such vote, for 
the plain reason that the United States authorities have the will and physical power 
to prevent the polls from tjeing opened, nor can either the general assembly or the 
convention sit in safety or tran(|uillity except under the ]irotection of a friendly armed 
force. It is to the Confederate States alone, to her sister Southern States, that [Mis- 
souri can look for the necessary aid for that purpose. [Missouri being still nominally 
one of the United States, no legal or constitutional express authority exists in any- 
one to invite your government to seinl us aid. No duties or jiowers are intrusted to 
the governor in view of any such emergency. The manifold civil duties he has to 
perform at the capital of the State require his presence, and the necessity of his avoid- 
ing acts compromising his position toward the United States Government or endan- 
gering his person and the State records is a])i)arent to anyone who is aware liow 
greatly the interests and convenienc-e of the {U'Oj)le depend on the governor's atten- 
tion to those civil duties. It can not, therefore, be expected that he shoidd assume, 
without express direction of the constitution, duties of a military and (piasi- 
international character. 

On mature consideration, examination of the laws and constitution of Missouri, 
and consultation with leading men of mature judgment and sound patriotism, I have 
come to the conclusion that, in the absence of any jirovision of our constitution 
applicable to such a state of affairs, the high moral duty of leaihng an armed effort 
to redeem the State from sul)jection, and its governor and other authorities from 
virtual captivity, devolves not u]>on the governor, but upon me. As lieutenant- 
governor I am, b}' our constitution, president of the senate, and I am also l)y law 
president of the general assembly when in joint session. 

That body has adjourned to meet at the caj^ital on the third [Monday of September, 
nexf. As their i)residing officer 1 am the only person armed with ]>ower by law to 
arrest disturbers of their deliberations when they are in actual session, and I con- 
ceive it to be but a small extension of this authority for me to take necessary meas- 
ures to put down those who intend to disturl) those deliberatifjus by possi1)ly even 
preventing a session. To wait until the general assembly meets and attempt to [)unish 
such disturbance after it is committed would be sheer folly, as it would have been 
committed by a force sufficient to defy ])uiiishment. Moreover, I have entirely 
reliable information that an attempt on my part to jierform the duties of presiding 
officer of the senate would l)e i)revcnted l>y tiie Cnited States authorities; and even 
if the information be incorrect, I do not consider it l)ecoming the dignity of a free 
State that one of its ])rincipal oHicers should exercise his powei-s virtually at the suf- 
ferance of a military dictator claiming the right to suspend even the writ of habeas 
corpus. I believe history will furnish examples of protection given to such an 
officer in such an emergency by friendly foreign powers; and should no precisely 
similar example exist, I feel assured that the pul)lic opinit)n of your confederacy, as 



STATE tJUARD. 261 

well as that of Missouri, would fully justify you in extending protection to the pre- 
sidinpc officer of a body which, as the general assenibly of Missouri has done, has 
unmii^takably evinced itt? sympathy with your cause. 

Under this sense of duty to the general assemljly and people of Missouri I intend 
to return to the State, and, as soon as I can do so with a reasonable prospect of suc- 
cess, call aroun<l me such uf lier citizens (and I know they can be counted by tens 
of thousands) who are willing to join me in the attempt to free her from the mili- 
tary rule now imposed upon her. To do so without meeting with prompt expulsion 
(more injurious to our cause than it would be not to make the attempt at all) is 
impossible unless I am accomj)anied by an army of the Confederate States. Offi- 
cially, as presiding officer of the general assembly, 1 hereby request the aid of your 
government, and invite it to send with me a body of Confederate States troops suffi- 
cient to prevent a failure at the start, and to serve as a nucleus around which the 
Missourians may gather to form a home force to protect their menaced liberties. If 
you are willing to accept this invitation, the conditions and extent of the assistance 
can be settled hereafter in a personal interview or otherwise. 

Hoping for a prompt and, if possible, favorable answer, I have the honor to be, 
Mr. President, 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

Tho.mas C. Reynolds, 
IJenteiuiiit-Goveruor of the State of Mmonri 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. LIII, p. 6H2.] 

The proclamation of General Harney, inclo.sed by the lieutenant- 
governor, was evident!}" the following: 

MiLiT.\RY Department of the We.st, 

St. Louh, May U, 1861. 
To the people of the State of Missouri: 

On my return to the duties of the connnand of this department I find, greatly to 
my astonishment and mortification, a most extraordinary state of things existing in 
this State, deeply affecting the stability of the Government of the Ignited States as 
well as the governmental and other interests of Missouri itself. 

As a citizen of Missouri, owing allegiance to the United States and having interests 
in common with you, I feel it my duty as well as privilege to extend a warning voice 
to my fellow-citizens against the connnon dangers that threaten us, and to appeal to 
your patriotism and sense of justit-e to exert all your moral power to avert them. 

It is with regret that I feel it my duty to call your attention to the recent act of 
the general assembly of Missouri, known as the "military bill," which is the result 
no doubt of the temporary excitement that now pervades the public mind. This 
bill can not V>e regarded in any other light than an indirect secession ordinance, 
ignoring even the forms resorted to Ity other States. Manifestly its most material 
provisions are in conflict with the Constitution and laws of the United States. To 
this extent it is a nullity, and can not and ought not to be upheld or regarded by 
the good citizens of Missouri. There are obligations and duties resting upon the 
people of Missouri under the Constitution and laws of the United States which are 
paramount, and which, I trust, you will carefully consider and weigh well before 
you will allow yourselves to be carried out of the Union under the form of yielding 
obedience to this military bill, which is clearly in violation of your duties as citizens 
of the United States. 

It must be apparent to everyone who has taken a jiroper and unbiased view of 
the subject tliat, whatever may l)e the termination of the unfortunate condition of 
things in respect to the so-called cotton States, Missouri nnist share the destiny of 
the Union. Her geographical position, her .«oil, productions, and, in short, all her 
material interests, i)oint to this result. We can not shut our eyes against this con- 
trolling fact. It is seen and its force is felt throughout the nation. So important is 
this regarded to the great interests of the country that I venture to express the opin- 
ion that the whole power of the Oovernment of the United States, if necessary, will 
be exerted to maintain Missouri in her present position in the Union. I express to 
you, in all frankness and sincerity, my own deliberate convictions, without assum- 
ing to sjieak for the <Tovernment of the United States, whose authority here and 
elsewhere I shall at all times and under all circumstances endeavor faithfully to 
uphold. I desire afiove all things most earnestly to invite my fellow-citizens dis- 
passionately to consider their true interests as well as their true relation to the Gov- 
ernment under which we live and to which we owe so much. 

In this connection I desire to direct attention to one subject which, no doubt, will 
be made the pretext for more or less popular excitement. I allude to the recent trans- 



262 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

a(!tion8 at Cauij) Jackson, near St. liOuis. It is not proper for nie to comment upon 
the otiicial conduct of my predecessor in conunand of this department, ])ut it is right 
and proper for the people of ^Missouri to know that the main avenue of Camj) Jack- 
son, recently under command of General Frost, had the name of Davis, and a prin- 
cipal street of the same camp that of Beauregani, and that a body of men liad ]:)een 
received into that camp by its commander which had been notoriously organized in 
the interests of the secessionists, the men openly wearing the dress and badge dis- 
tinguishing the army of the so-called Southern Confederacy. Il is also a notorious 
fact that a quantity of arms had been recei\^d into the camp which were unlawfully 
taken from the United States arsenal at Baton Rouge and surreptitiously passed up 
the river in boxes marked "Marble." 

Upon facts like these, and having in view what occurred at Liberty, the people 
can draw their own inferences, and it can n(it be dithcult for anyone to arrive at a 
correct conclusion as to the character and ultimate purpose of that encampment. No 
government in the world would l)e entitled to respect that would tolerate for a moment 
such openly treasonable preparatii )ns. It is but simple justice, however, that I should 
state the fact that there were many good and loyal men in the camp who were in no 
manner res]ionsible foi' its treasonable character. 

Disclaiming as I do all desire or intention to interfere in any way with the pre- 
rogatives of the State of Missouri, or with the functions of its executive or other 
authorities, yet I regard it as my plain path of duty to express to the people, in 
respectful but at the same time decided language, that within the field and scope of 
my command and authority the "supreme law" of the land must and shall be main- 
tained, and no subterfuges, whether in the forms of legislative acts or otherwise, can 
be permitted to harass or oppress the good and law-abiding people of INlissouri. I 
shall exert my authority to protect their persons and property fi'om violations of 
every kind, and I shall deem it my duty to suppress all unlawful combinations of 
men, whether formed under pretext of military organizations or otherwise. 

Wm. S. Harney, 
Brigadier-General, United Slate!< Army, Commanding 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. Ill, p. 371.] 

On June 5, 1861, an order was issued to hasten the equipment of the 
State Guard. Following is a copy of the order: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Missouri State Guard, 

No. 8. / Jefferson CHij, June 5, 1861. 

I. To hasten and facilitate the ecjuipment of the Missouri State Guard the com- 
mander of each military district will cause to be purchased and manufactured in 
their respective districts such articles of camp and garrison eijuipage as can be 
obtained therein; and for this purpose the captains or commanders of companies will 
be authorized to jirocure, as far as they can, the equipments for their companies in 
their immediate localities. The certified account of all such camp and garrison 
ecpiipage, together with the l)ond of such commanders, will be forwarded to the 
division quartermaster of the district, and by him transmitted to the (juartermaster- 
general of the State, who will furnish the division (luartermaster with necessary 
means to pay for same. 

II. The following is the allowance of camp and garrison equipage to each officer 
and company: Each general, 3 tents in the field, 1 ax, 1 hatchet; field and staff offi- 
cers above rank of captain, 2 tents in the field, 1 ax, 1 hatchet; other staff officers 
and captains, 1 tent in the field, 1 ax, 1 hatchet; to every 15 foot and 13 mounted 
men, 1 tent in the field, 2 spades, 2 axes, 2 j)ickets, 2 camj> kettles, 2 mess pans, 5 
hatchets, 1 iron j)ot; subalterns of companies (to every 2), 1 tent in the field, 1 ax, 
1 hatchet. 

III. Each regiment will adopt the State Hag. made of l)lue merino, G by o feet, with 
the Missouii coat of arms in gold gilt on each side. Each mounted company will 
have a guidon, the fiag of wliicli will l)eof white merino, 3 by 2.] feet, with the letters 
M. S. (i. in gilt on I'acli side. The length of the i)ike for colors and guidons will be 
9 feet long, including spear and ferule. Each company of infantry will have 1 drum 
and 1 fife. Each comi)any of mounted men will have 2 bugles or trumpets. If 
the colors, guidon.^, drums, fifes, and bugles can not be procured in the district, requi- 
sitions will be made on the (|uartermaster-general of the State. 

By command of Maj. (ien. Sterling I'rice: 

Henkv Little, 
Asdxfiint A(ljnta))t-<je))eral. 

If the tents be of the small, triangular pattern, allow 6 of foot and 5 of mounted 
men to each. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. LlII, p. 694.] 



\ 



STATE GUARD. 263 

On June 11, ISHl, a conference was held at the city of 8t. Louis 
between Governor Jack.son and Brig. Gen. Nathaniel Lyon, who had 
succeeded General Harney in the command of the Department of the 
West, the object, as stated by the governor, being- to avert the horrors 
of civil war. The conference failed in its ol)ject, and on the 12th of 
June the governor issued his proclamation calling for 5(i.(»00 militia for 
the activ^e service of the State. This proclamation, which recites the 
reasons for its issue, the objects for which the militia was to be em- 
ployed, the status of tiie State with reference to the Federal I'nion, 
and the duty of citizens to the State and the United States, is here 
^iven in full: 

A PROCLAMATION. 

To the People of Ifmouri : 

A series of unprovoked and unparalleled outrages have been inflicted upon the 
peace and dignity of this Connnon wealth and upon the rights and liberties of its 
people by wicked and unprincipled men, professing to act imder the authority of the 
United States Government. The solemn enactments of your legislature have been 
iiullitied, your volunteer soldiers have been taken prisoners, your conunerce with 
your sister States has been suspended, your trade with your own fellow-citizens has 
been and is subjected to the harassing control of an armed soldiery, peaceful citizens 
have been imprisoned without warrant of law, unoffending and defenseless men, 
women, and children have been ruthlessly shot down and nuirdered, and other 
unliearable indignities have lieen heaped upon your State and youi'selves. 

To all these outrages and indignities you have submitted with a patriotic forbear- 
ance which has only encoin-aged the perpetrators of these grievous winngs to attempt 
still l)older and more daring usurpations. It has been my earnest endeavor under 
all these embarrassing circumstances to maintain the peace of the State and t(.) avert, 
if possible, from our borders the desolating effects of a civil war. With that object 
in view I authorized INIajor-General Price several weeks ago to arrange with General 
Harney, conunanding the Federal forces in this State, the terms of an agreement by 
which the peace of the State might be preserved. They came, on the 21st of May, 
to an understanding, which was made ])ul)lic. The State auth»»rities have faithfully 
labored to carry out the terms of that agreement. The Federal ( Jovernnient, on the 
other hand, not only manifested its strong disapprobation of it l)y the instant dis- 
missal of the distinguished ofticer who on its part entered into it, but it at once began 
and has unintermittingly carried out a system of hostile operations in utter contempt 
of that agreement and in reckless disregard of its own plighted faith. These acts 
have latterly portended revolution and civil war so unmistakably that I resolved to 
make one further effort to avert these dangers from you. I therefore solicited an 
interview with Brigadier-General Lyon, commanding the Federal army in ]\Iissouri. 
It was granted, and on the 10th instant, waiving all (juestions of personal and official 
dignity, I went to St. Louis, accompanied l)y ^Major-General Price. 

We had an interview on the 11th instant with (ieneral Lyon and Col. F. P. Blair, 
jr., at which I submitted to them this proposition: That I would disband the State 
Guard and break up its organization; that I would disarm all the comi)anies which 
have l)een armed by the State; that I would pledge myself not to attempt to organize 
the militia under the military bill; that no arms or numitions of war should be 
brought into the State; that I would protect all citizens equally in all their rights, 
regardless of their political opinions; that I would repress all insurrectionary move- 
ments within the State; that I would repi'l all attempts to invade it, fiom whatever 
quarter and by whomsoever nia<le, and that I would tluis maintain a strict neutrality 
in the present unhappy contest, and |)reserve the ))eace of the State. And 1 further 
proposed that I would, if necessary, invoke the assistance of the United States troops 
to carry out tlie.se pledges. All this I proposed to do upon condition that the Fe<leral 
Government would undertake to disarm the Home Guards, which it has illegally 
organized and armed througlu)ut the State, and i>!edge itself not to occupy with its 
trooi)s any localities in the State not occu])ied by them at this time. 

Nothing l)ut the most earnest desire to avert the horrors of civil war from our 
beloved State could have tempted me to jiropose these humiliating terms. They 
were rejected by the Feileral olhcers. They demanded not only the disorganization 
and disarming of the State militia and the nullilication of the military bill, but they 
I'efused to disarm their own Home Guards, and insisted that the Federal Government 
should enjoy an unrestricted right to move and station its troojis throughout the 
■State whenever and wherever that nught, in the opinion of its officers, be necessary, 



264 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

I 

either for the protection of the "loyal subjects" of the Federal Government or for 
the repellinjr of invasion, and they plainly announced that it was the intention 
of the Administration to take military occupation under these pretexts of the whole 
State, and to reduce it, as avowed by (ieneral Lyon himself, to the "exact condition 
of Maryland." 

The acceptance by me of these degrading terms would not only have sullied the 
honor of ^Nlissouri, but would have aroused the indignation of every brave citizen, 
and precipitated the very conflict which it has been my aim to prevent. We refused 
to accede to them, and the conference was V^roken up. Fellow-citizens, all our efforts 
toward conciliation have failed. We can hope nothing from the justice or modera- 
tion of the agents of the Federal Government in this State. They are energetically 
hastening the execution of their bloody antl revolutionary schemes for the inaugura- 
tion of a civil war in your midst; for the military occupation of your State by armed 
bands of lawless invaders; for the overthrow of your State government, and for the 
subversion of those liberties which that government has always sought to protect, 
and they intend to exert their whole power to sul)jugate you, if possible, to the 
military despotism which has usurped the powers of the Federal Government. 

Now, therefore, I, G. F. Jackson, governor of the State of ^lissouri, do, in view of 
the foregoing facts and by virtue of the powers vested in me by the constitution and 
laws of this Gommonwealth, issue this my proclamation, calling the militia of the 
State, to the number of 50,000, into the active service of the State, for the purpose 
of repelling said invasion, and for the protection of the lives, liberty, and property 
of the citizens of this State, and I earnestly exhort all good citizens of ^Missouri to 
rally under the flag of their State for the protection of their endangered homes and 
firesides, and for the defense of their most sacred rights and dearest liberties. 

In issuing this proclamation, I hf)ld it to be my solemn duty to remind you that 
Missouri is f^till one of the United States; that the executive department of the State 
government does not arrogate to itself the power to disturb that relation; that that 
power has been wisely vested in a convention, which will at the proper time express 
your sovereign will, and that meanwhile it is your duty to obey all the constitu- 
tional recjuirements of the Federal (Tovernment; but it is equally my duty to advise 
you that your first allegiance is due to your own State, and that you are under no 
obligation whatever to obey the unconstitutional edicts of the military despotism 
which has enthroned itself at Washington, nor to submit to the infamous and degrad- 
ing sway of its wicked minions in this State. No brave and true-hearted Missourian 
will obey the one or submit to the other. Rise, then, and drive out ignominiously 
the invaders who have dared to desecrate the soil which your labors have made 
fruitful and which is consecrated by your homes. 

Given under my hand as governor and under the great seal of the State of Missouri 
at Jefferson City this 12th day of June, 1861. 

Cl.vibor.ne F. J.vckson. 

By the <TOvernor: 

B. F. 'Mahhky, Secretary of State. 

[Ibid., p. (596.] 

On the date of the governor's proohimation the commanders of the 
several districts of the Missouri State Giiai-d were directed to immedi- 
ately assemble all availaltlc troops in their respective districts "" for 
actual service/'' The order for this pur])()so was in the following 
terms: 

General Ordkhs, ^ Heai)qu.\rters Missoitri State Guard, 

No. 11. ) JejferHon Citi/, Mo., June I'J, 1861. 

I. The commanders of the military districts of the Missouri State Guard will 
immediately assemble all the available troops in their respective districts for actual 
service. 

II. The forces of the Third District will, as they assemble, march by regiments,, 
battalions, or companies, without delay, to Boonville, Ctioper County, which will 
be the rendezvous. On their arrival at this jilace the commanders of such regi- 
ments, battalions, and companies will report to the senior ofticer present, who will 
report each arrival to these headijuarters and to tiie commander of the Sixth Mili- 
tary District. 

III. The forces of the first, second, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, and ninth 
will assemble in camp, the place to be designated by the res))ective district com- 
mandiTs, who will repair in person to said camp and supt'rintend the organization 
and equi|)ment of their connnands. They will, from time to time, report to these 
headquarters the number and condition of their command. 



STATE GUARD. 265 

IV. The district quartermasters and commissaries will use all the means at their 
command in their respective districts to furnish sup|)lies for this movement, and will 
make requisitions on the quartermaster-general and commissary-general for funds. 

By command of Maj. Gen. S. Price: 

Henry Little, Assistant A(I/at<ii>t-(^leiieral. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. Ill, p. 592.] 

The governor's proclamation and the order for the assenibhige of 
the Missouri State Guard was followed almost inuiiediately by open 
hostilities, which it is not the puipose of this paper to discuss. 

On June 16, 1861. General Parsons was directed to hasten with his 
command to Boonville. brino-ino- with him such men as might join him 
on the way (li)id.. Series I. Vol. LIII, p. 61>H). und on July 4. 1861, the 
following general order was issued for the organization of the forces 
in the tield: 

General Orders, \ Headqu.arters ]\ItssoiRi State Guard, 

No. 16. ) Camp Lamar, July 4, 1861. 

The commander in chief issues the following general orders for the government of 
the forces now in the field : 

I. The several brigadier-generals now in the field will proceed forthwith to the 
organization of the forces from their respective districts, and all i-ompanies or parts 
of companies from the Second District will report their strength and equipments, 
together with a list of their commissioned officers, to Gen. John B. Clark and be 
attached to his command. All companies and parts of companies from the Fifth Dis- 
trict will make a like report to Cien. W. Y. Slack and be attached to his conmiand. 
All companies and parts of companies from the First, Eighth, and Ninth districts will 
make a like report to Gen. M. M. Parsons and be attached to his command. 

II. Col. John Reid is hereVjy detailed as commissary-general of the forces now in 
the field, and the commissaries of the several brigades will make to him a full and 
complete return as soon as practical)le of all the commissary stores under their con- 
trol, which will be equitably distributed by him to the several brigades upon requisi- 
tions from the proper officers. 

III. In the absence of the quartermaster-general. Acting Quartermaster Edward 
Haren will, through himself and the quartermasters of brigades and their assistants, 
have charge of the transportation of the forces now in the field, as provided by law. 

By order of C. F. Jackson, Commander in Chief: 

Warwick Hough, Adjakint-d'cucral. 
[Ibid., Series I, Vol. LIII, p. 705.] 

On July 10, 1861, Brig. Gen. A. E. Steen. commanding the Fifth 
Military District, was directed to organize his division (Official Records 
of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. LIII, p. 710), 
and on the 11th of July the following order was issued: 

General Orders, )^ Heaixharters Missocri St.\te Guard, 

No. 3. J Coirskin Prairie, July 11, 1861. 

I. The State troops now in the tield will be designated as follows: First Division, 
Missouri State Forces, Brig. Gen. M. M. Parsons; Second Division, Missouri State 
Forces, Brig. Gen. J. S. Kains; Third Division, Missouri State Forces, Brig. Gen. J. B. 
Clark; Fourth Division, Missouri State Forces, Brig. Gen. W. Y. Slack; Fifth Division, 
Missouri State Forces, Brig. Gen. A. E. Steen. 

II. Brigadier-generals commanding divisions will proceed to organize into regi- 
ments and battalions all the companies in their commands not already so organized. 
This organization, being by divisions, will be entered accordingly, as First, Second, 
or Third Regiment of Infantry; First, Second, orThird Division; the same in regard 
to other arms of artillery or cavalry. The i-ompanies in each regiment or battalion 
will be lettered as A, B, C, etc. Each division commander will report such organiza- 
tion, with the names of the field officers elected, to headquarters. 

******* 

By order of Gen. S. Price, commanding: 

H. Little, Asmtaiit Adjatant-Getteral. 
[Ibid., p. 710.] - 



266 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

On the 16th of July Brig. Gen. M. M. Parsons, the senior brigadier- 
general of the Missouri State Guard, was assigned to the command of 
the forces in the tield during the temporar}- absence of Major-General 
Price, and Col. Horace Brand, First Regiment Riflemen, Sixth District, 
was appointed inspector-general on the staff of the major-general com- 
manding. (Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, 
Series 1, Vol. LIll, p. 713.) 

On August 1, 1861, Brig. Gen. M. Jetf. Thompson issued from 
the headquarters of the First ^lilitary District of the Missouri State 
Guard at Bloomtield. Mo., a proclamation appealing to the •' people 
of Missouri" to rally to his standard. Again it becomes necessar}- to 
refer to Moore's Rebellion Record, no official copy of this procla- 
mation having been found. As recorded in the publication referred 
to (Vol. II, Docs., p. iST) the proclamation i"eads: 

Headquarters Missouri State Guard, 

Bloomfield, Mo., August 1, 1S61. 

MISSOURIANs! STRIKE FOR YOUR FIRESIDES AND YOUR HOMEs! 

To the people of Missouri: 

Having been elected to command the gallant sons of the First Military District of 
Missouri in the second war of independence, I appeal to all whose hearts are with 
us immediately to take the field. By a speedy and simultaneous assault on our foes 
we can, like a hurricane, scatter them to the winds; while tardy action, like the 
gentle south wind, will only meet with northern frosts, and advance and recede, 
and like the seasons will be like the history of the war, and will last forever. Come, 
now; strike while the iron is hot! Our enemies are whipped in Virginia. They have 
been whipped in Missouri. General Hardee advances in the center, CTcneral Pillow 
on the right, and General McCulloch on the left, with 20,000 brave Southern hearts 
to our aid. So leave your plows in the furrow and your oxen in the yoke, and 
rush like a tornado upon our invaders and foes, to sweep them from the face of the 
earth or force them from the soil of our State! Brave sons of the Ninth District, 
come and join us! We have plenty of ammunition and the cattle on ten thousand 
hills are ours. We have 40,000 Belgian muskets coming; but bring your guns and 
muskets with you, if you have them; if not, come without them. We will strike 
your foes like a Southern thunderbolt, and soon our camp fires will illuminate the 
iVIeramec and Missouri. Come, turn out! 

Jeff. Thompson, 
Brigadier-General Commauding. 

On August 14. 1861, General Price announced in orders the appoint- 
ment of Phineas M. Savery as i)rovost-marshal of the Missouri army, 
with the rank of major, and directed him to recruit a company. He 
also congratulated the army on the brilliant victory won at the l)attle 
of Wilson's Creek on the lOth of August (Official Recoi-dsof the Union 
and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. LIII. p. 727), and on the 
20th of the same month he issui^d a proclamation announcing "to the 
people of Missouri" that the army under his command had been 
organiz<Ml under the laws of the State for the protection of their 
homes and tiresides and for the maintenance of the I'ights. dignity, 
and honor of Missouri. lie assured them that he was determined to 
protect every peaceable citizen in the full enjoyment of his rights, 
whatever may nave been his sympathies, if he had jiot taken an active 
part in the warfare that had been waged against the good i)eople of 
the State, at the same time warning evil-disposed persons who should 
supjjort the usurpation of anyone claiming to be tlu> provisional or 
tempoiary governor of the State, or who should in any other way 
give aid or comfort to the enemy, that tli(\v would be tield ajs enemies 



STATE GUARD. 267 

and treated accordingly. The full text of the proclamation is as 
follows: 

Jekfersdn City, Aiujust ::fO, 1S61. 
To the people of Missouri. 

Fkllow-Citizens: The army under my conunand has been organized under the 
laws of the State for the protection of your homes and firesides and for the mainte- 
nance of the rights, dignity, and honor of Missouri. It is kept in the Held for these 
purposes alone, and to aid in accomplishing them our gallant Southern brethren have 
come into our State. With these we have achieved a glorious victory over the foe, 
and scattered far and wide the well-appointed army which the usurper at Washington 
has been more than six months gathering for your sul)jugati()n and ensla\ement. 
This victory frees a large portion of the State from the power of the invaders and 
restores it to the protection of its army. It consequently l)ecomes my duty to assure 
you that it is my firm detei-mination to protect every peaceaV)le citizen in the full 
enjoyment of all his rights, whatever may have been his sym{)athies in the present 
unhappy struggle, if he has not taken an active part in the cruel warfare which has 
been waged against the good people of this State l)y the ruthless enemies whom we 
have just defeated. I therefore invite all good citizens to return to their liomes and 
the practice of their ordinary avocations, with the full assurance that they, their 
families, their homes, and their i)ropcrty shall be carefully protected. I at the same 
time warn all evil-disposed j>ersons who may su|)])ort the usurpations of anyone 
claiming to be provisional or temporary governor of Missouri, or who shall in any 
other way give aid or comfort to the enemy, that they will be held as enemies and 
treated accordingly. 

Sterling Price, 
Major- General, Vommanding MiKsouri State Guard. 

[Ibid., p. 730.] 

On October 23, 1861, an order was issued by Major-General Price 
for the reorganization of the divisions of the Missouri State Guard. 
This order is as follows: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Missouri State Guard, 

No. 6:3. J Otmj) near Neosho, October 23, 1861. 

Paragraph No. l,of General Orders, No. 3, July, 1801, organizing and designating 
the divisions, being an error, is hereby corrected, and in accordance with the require- 
ments of the military l)ill the divisions will in future l)e designated as follows: First 
Division, composed of troops from the counties of St. Francois, Ste. Genevieve, 
Perry, Cape Girardeau, Bollinger, iladison, Iron, Wayne, Stoddard, Scott, Missis- 
sippi, New Madrid, Butler, Dunklin, Pemiscot; Second Division, composed of troops 
from the counties of Scotland, Clark, Knox, Lewis, Shelby, Marion, Monroe, Ralls, 
Pike, Audrain, Callaway, Montgomery, Lincoln, Warren, and St. Charles; Third 
Division, composed of troops from the counties of Putnam, Schuyler, Sullivan, Adair, 
Linn, Macon, Chariton, Kandolph, Howard, and Boone; Fourth Division, comjjosed 
of troops from the counties of (Gentry, Harrison, Mercer, (irundy, De Kail), Daviess, 
Livingston, Clinton, Calilwell, Ray, Carroll, and Worth; Fifth Division, composed of 
troops from the counties of Atchison, Nodaway, Holt, Andrew, Buchanan, Platte, 
and Clay; Sixth Division, composed of troops from the counties of Saline. Pettis, 
Cooper, Moniteau, Cole, Osage, Gasconade, Maries, Miller, Morgan, Camden, Pulaski, 
and Phelps; Seventh Division, composed of troops from the counties of Dallas, 
Laclede, Texas, Dent, Reynolds, Shannon, Wright, Wel)ster, Greene, Christian, 
Stone, Taney, Douglas, Ozark, Howell, Oregon, Carter, and Ripley; Fightli Division, 
composed of troops from the counties (jf Jackson, l^a Fayette, Cass, Johnson, Bates, 
Henry, Benton, Hickory, Polk. St. Clair. Vernon, Cedar, Dade, Barton, Jasper, 
Lawrence, Newton. McDonald, and Barry; Ninth Division, composed of troops from 
the counties of St. Louis, Washington, Franklin, Jefferson, and Crawfoni. 

By order of Maj. Gen. Sterling Price: 

[H. Little, Adjutanl-Getieral.} 

[Ibid., p. 750.] 

On the ^-tth of Novenil)er an address was issued by Brigadier- 
General Parsons to his friends and fellow-citizens of the Sixth Mill- 



268 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

tary District, appealing to them to join his .standard. Following is a 
copy of his address: 

HEAIKiUARTERS SiXTH MILITARY DISTRICT, MISSOURI StATE GuARD, 

(\itnp on Cedar Creek, November 24, 1861. 
To my friends and fellow-citizens of the Sixth Military District of Missouri: 

Six months have elapsed oince I have had the honor of addressing any of you, 
except my veterans who were in the tield with me. You will remember that in June 
last I left your district with a handful of men for the confines of Arkan.sas. Altht)Ugh 
few in number when I left, our forces increased until I was enabled to meet, with 
my brother generals, the mercenary foe ujjou the fields of Carthage and put him to 
rout, thus securing my original object of making Arkansas the base of future opera- 
tions. Aided by the troops of the Confederate States, from this position we were 
enabled to meet the great hero of the Federal Army upon the bloody field of Wilson's 
Creek, and vanquished him with the loss of his life and the demoralization of his 
entire army. 

]My countrj'inen, these deeds of chivalry would alone have been sufficient to have 
placed unfading laurels upon the brows of my soldiers, ))ut, although I had buried 
upon that bloody field many of my gallant comrades in arms, our exertions did not 
cease there. Our march was onward. We again met the enemy at Dry Wood, and 
the gallant little division which I had the honor to command again gallantly met 
the enemy while he was pursuing our retiring friends, and, driving him from the 
field, .saved their artillery and nmnitions from capture. 

Yet the undaunted spirit of your military district was not yet satiated. Glory 
still led them on. The strong fortifications of Lexington were in front; straightway 
to them their columns wended. In a four ciays' siege Lexington fell, and your divi- 
sion was honored with the position of receiving the surreiider of the enemy. 

Circumstances, over which your general in chief and myself had no control, forced 
us again to retire upon the confines of Arkansas. We were followed by an army 
under General Fremont — an army, the best appointed that ever marched" upon the 
Western Continent — and after having stationed ourselves in a position where we 
could give the enemy battle, he halted, pondered, and finally turned, in precijiitate 
retreat, l^efore our veteran soldiers. 

We again have come upon the borders of your military district. Our soldiers are 
as energetic, as brave, as willing, and as anxious to meet the enemy as ever, and 
they will meet him, and vanciuish him, too, if he dares present a hostile front. But 
then, my countrymen, let me appeal to you. Do you intend to live in ease, in 
winter comfdrts, and far from danger, by your own firesides and with your own 
families, and allow these veterans of five battles still to war for your security, your 
lives, and your property? I believe you will not. Then I ask you in the name of 
all that we cherish ujKin this earth, in the name of our honor, our families, and of 
those who are to come after us, to rally to the call of your gallant old leader, the 
general in chief. Of course some will fall in this bloody strife. Many fields may 
yet run red with the blood of our brethren. Yet, why should we despond? It is 
bv the blood of martyrs that liberty is maintained, and as for those who have already 
fallen, or tho.«e wlio may hereafter fall, we will vi^it them in our inemories with the 
poet's couplet: 

How sloc'p the l)riive, who sink to rest 
By all thfir rouiitry's wishes blest! 
There Honor comes, n pilgrim gray, 
To hk'ss the tnrf that wraps their elay; 
And Freedom shall a while repair. 
To dwell, a weeping hi'nnit. (here. 

I will not close this appeal without calling upon our friends from the St. Louis 
District. Brave Kelly is here, who has bled for our cause upon the bloody field of 
AVilson's Creek. His gallant command has been cut down by the fate of battle. 
Are there no bold spirits, no brave Irish hearts in the St. Louis District, who will 
rallv to his standard? I know there are. An invitation and opportunity is all they 
desire. Let them come. 

My countrymen, the invader is already faltering and retiring before us; one more 
grand cfmtest and our country is free. 

M. M. Parsons, 
Brigadier-General, Sixth District. 

[Ibid., J). 7."i().] 

Two days later a stirring appeal was addressed V)y (leneral Price to 
tiic pt'opU' of ccMtrul and nortii Missouri, urgently calling foi- 50. 000 



8TATK GUARD. 269 

volunteers "for his {iiiny. To emphasize this appeal he stated that to 
the call of the chief magistrate in June. 1861, for AO.OOO men for serv- 
ices in the State Guard less than 5,000 had responded. The proclama- 
tion reads as follows: 

Proclamation to the People of Central and North Missoiri. 

Maksshall, Mo., November 26, 1S61. 
Fellow-citizena: 

In the month of June last 1 was '(•ailed to theconiniaiid of a handful of Missourians, 
who nobly gave up home and eomfort to es^pouse in that gloomy hour the eau^^e of 
your bleeding country, struggling with the most wa useless and i-ruel des])(>tism known 
among civilized men. When jieace and protection could no longer l)e enjoyeil but 
at the price of honor and liberty your chief magistrate called for 50,000 men to drive 
the ruthless invader from a soil made fruitful by your labors and consecrated by your 
homes. 

To that call less than 5,000 res])onded; out of a male population exceeding 200,000 
men, one in forty only stepped forward to defend with their persons and their lives 
the cause of constitutional liberty and human rights. 

Some allowances are to l)e maile on the score of a want of militarj' organization, a 
supposed want of arms, the necessary retreat of the army southward, the blockade 
of the river, and the presence of an armed and organized foe. P>ut nearly six months 
have now elapsed; your crops have been tilled; your harvests have been reaped, 
your preparations for winter have l)een made; the army of Missouri, organized and 
equipped, fought its way to the river; the foe is still in the field; the country lileeds 
and our peoj)le groan under the inflictions of a foe marked with all the characteristics 
of barbarian warfare, and where now are the 50,000 to avenge our wrongs and free 
our country? Had 50,000 men docked to our standard with their shotguns in their 
hands there would not now be a Federal hireling in the State to pollute our soil. 
Insteail of mined communities, starving families, and desolated districts, we should 
have had a people ble.ssed with protection and with stores to supply the wants and 
necessities and comforts of life. Where are those 50,000 men? Are INlissourians no 
longer true to themst^lves? Are they a timid, time-serving, craven race, tit only for 
subjection to a despot? Awake, my countrymen, to a sense of what constitutes the 
dignity and true greatness of a free people. A few men have fought your battles; a 
few men have dared the dangers of the battlefield; a few have borne the hardshijis 
of the camp, the scorching suns of summer, the frosts of winter, the malaria of the 
swamps, the privations incident to our circumstances, fatigue, and hunger and thirst, 
often without blankets, without shoes, with insntticient clothing, with the cold, wet 
earth for a bed, the sky for a covering, and a stone for a jiillow, glad only to meet 
the enemy on the field, where some i)aid the noblest devotion known among men 
on earth to the cause of your country and your rights with their lives. 

But where one has l)een lost on the field three have been lost by diseases induced 
by privation and toil. During all these trials we have murmured nf)t; we offered all 
we had on earth at the altar of our common country — our own beloved ^Missouri — 
and we only now ask our fellow-citizens, our brethren, to come to us and helj) to 
secure what we have gained and to win our glorious inheritance from the ('ruel hand 
of the sjioiler and the oppressor. Come to us, brave sons of Missouri! Rally to our 
standard! I must have 50,000 men. I call upon you in the name of your country 
for 50,000 men. Do you stay at home to take care of your property? ^Millions of 
dollars have been lost becanse you stayed at home. Do you stay at home for protec- 
tion? More men have been murdered at home than I have lost in five successive 
l)attles. Do you stay at home to secure terms with the enemy? Then, I warn you, 
the day may soon come when you may l)e surrendered to the mercies of that enemy 
and your sul)stance be given up to the Hessian and the jayhawker. I can not, I will 
not, attril)ute such motives to you, my countrymen. 

But where are our Southern-rights friends? We nuist drive the opj)ressor from 
our land. 1 must have 50,000 men. Now is the crisis of your fate; now the golden 
op])ortunity to save the State; now is the day of your political salvation. The time 
of enlistment for our brave band is beginning to exjnre. Do not tax their patience 
beyond endurance; ilo not longer sii-ken theii- hearts by hope deferred. They begin 
to inquire, "Where are our friends?" Who shall give them an answer? Boys and 
small pro])erty holders liave in the main fought the battles for the i)rotection of your 
property, and when they ask. "Where are the men for whom we are fighting?" how 
can I, how shall I explain? 

Citizens of Missouri, I tall upon you by every consideration of interest, by every 
desire for safety, by every tie that binds you to home and country, delay no longer. 
"Let the dead bury their dead." Leave your property to take care of itself. Com- 



270 , MISSOURI TROOPS — CONFEDERATE. 

mend your homes to the protection of (rod, and merit the admiration' and love of 
childhood and womanhood by showing yourgelves men, the 8ons of the brave and 
free, who bequeathed to us tlie sacred trust of free institutions. Come to the army 
of Missouri, not for a week or month, but to free your country. 

strike till each armed foe exi)ires! 
Strike for yoiir altars and your fires! 
For the sreeii graves of your sires, 
God and your native landl 

The Inirnino: tires of patriotism must inspire and lead you or all is lost; lost, too, 
just at the moment when all might be forever saved. Numljers give strength. Slum- 
bers intimidate the foe. Numbers save the necessity often of fighting battles. Num- 
bers make our arms irresistible. Numbers command universal respect and insure 
confidence. We must have men — 50,000 men. Let the herdsman leave his folds. 
Let the farmer leave his fields. Let the mechanic leave his shop. Let the lawyer 
leave his office till we restore the supremacy of law. Let the aspirants for ofiice and 
place know they will be weighed in the balance of jiatriotism and may be found 
wanting. If there l)e any craven, crouching spirits who have not the greatness of 
soul to respond to their country's call for help, let them stay at home, and let only 
the brave and true come out to join their brethren on the tented field. 

Come with supplies of clothing, and with tents, if you can procure them. Come 
with your guns of any description that can be made to bring down a foe. If you 
have no arms, come without them, and we will supply you as far as that is possible. 
Bring cooking utensils and rations for a few weeks. Bring blankets and heavy shoes 
and extra bed clothing if you have them. Bring no hor.ses to remain with the Army 
except those necessary for l)aggage transportation. We must have 50,000 men. Give 
me these men and, by the help of Goil, I will drive the hireling bands of thieves and 
marauders from the State. But if JMissourians fail now to rise in their strength and 
avail them.selves of the propitious moment to strike for honor and li])erty, you can 
not say that we have not done all we could do to save you. 

You will 1)6 advised in time at what point to report for organization and active 
service. Leave your property at home. What if it be taken — all taken? AVe have 
f!200,000,000 worth of Northern means in Missouri which can not be removed. When 
we are once free the State will indemnify every citizen who may have lost a dollar by 
adhesion to the cause of his country. We shall have our jjrojierty or its value with 
interest. But, in the name of God and the attributes of manhood, let me appeal to 
you by considerations infinitely higher than money! Are we a generation of drivel- 
ing, sniveling, degraded slaves? Or are we men who dare assert and maintain the 
rights which can not be surrendered, and defend those principles of everlasting rec- 
titude, pure and high and sacred, like God, their author? Be yours the office to 
choose between the glory of a free country and a just government and the bondage 
of your children! I will never see the chains fastened upon my country. I will ask 
for six and a half feet of Missouri soil in which to repose, but will not live to see my 
people enslaved. 

Do I hear your shouts? Is that yoin- war cry whic-h echoes through the land? Are 
you coming? Fifty thousand men! Missouri shall move to victory with the tread of 
a giant! Come on, my brave boys, 50,000 heroic, gallant, unconquerable Southern 
men! We await your coming. 

STKKLiN(i Prick, 
M'ljor-doirrdl, CoiiDixniding. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. YIII, p. 695.] 

On the ^1([ (lay of Doconiht^r. I8<»1. oloctions wore hold in several 
divisions of the Missouri State Guard for division couimanders, and 
the results of these elections were announced in order as follows: 

(tKNEK.\L Orders, \ TIe.\i)qiartkks Missoiri St.vte GvARn, 

No. 111. j ('(i)iip 0)1 Stic Hirer, December ^, 1861. 

1. In accordance with (Jeneral Orders, No. S9, of November 20, ISOl, an election 
for brigadier-general was this day lu'ld in the Second, Third, and Fourth Divisions, 
and the following-named officers were declared duly elected according to law: ]\Iar- 
tin K. (ireen, l)rigadier-general Sccotid Division; I'ldwin \V. I'rice, brigadier-general 
Third Division; W. Y. Slack, brigadier-general Fourth Division. Brig. (ien. ^hirtin 
Y.. (Treen will assume connnaud of the Second Division, and Brig. (ien. E. W. Price 
of the Tliird Division, and Brig. Gen. W. Y. Slack will contimie in conunand of the 
Fourth Division, which he has heretofore commanded as brigadier-general of the 
Fourth Military District by virtue of appointment of the governor of the State. 

P>y order of Major-General Price: 

H. Little, AiljutdDl-General. 

[Il)id., Series I, Vol. LIII, p. 758.] 



STATE GUARD. 271 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Missouri State Guard, 

No. 115. J Camp on Sac Hiver, December 4, 1861. 

I. In accordance with General Orders, No. 89, of November 20, 1861, an election 
was held in the Seventh and Eighth Divisions December 2, LStil, and the following- 
named officers were declareil duly elected according to law: James H. Mc Bride, 
brigadier-general of Seventh Militarv District; James S. Rains, brigadier-general of 
Eighth Military District. 

II. Brig. Gen. James H. McBride will continue in connnand of the Seventh Divi- 
sion and Brig. Gen. James S. Rains will continue in command of the Eighth Division, 
which they have heretofore commanded as brigadier-generals of the Seventh and 
Eighth Miiitarv Districts, respectivelv, bv virtue of appointment from the governor 
of the State. 



H. Little, Adjutant-General. 



By order of Major-General Price: 

[Ibid., p. 7o9.] 

The terms of enlistment of the Missouri State (Tiiard were now 
expiring; some were enlisting in the Confederate service and nian}^ 
were returning to their homes. Signs of demoralization and disinte- 
gration were abundant. Of these the following are in evidence. 
Brig. Gen. M. Jell'. Thompson, commanding the First Military Dis- 
trict, said in a letter to Brig. Gen. Gideon J. Pillow dated at New 
Madrid, Mo., December 7, 1861: 

* * * The terms of enlistment of my men are expiring every day, and while 
there is so much suspense many are desiring to leave who would cheerfully enlist if 
matters coul<l be placed right. * * * 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. VIII, p. 704.] ^ 

To Brig. Gen. M. L. Clark, Missouri State Guard, then at Rich- 
mond, Va., General Thompson said on the same date: 

Headquarters First Military District, Missouri State Guard, 

Nev Madrid, Mo., December 7, 1861. 
Brig. Gen. M. L. Clark, 

Mwsonrl State Guard, Richmond, Va. 
Dear General: There has been a great deal of dissatisfaction among the men you 
left here, and upon the return of Culonel Kennelly, who was anxious to have some 
of them go with him, and on a representation that you had accepted a position in 
the Regular Army, they determined to disband. The officers all seemed willing 
and anxious, and t, not feeling willing or disposed to hold them against their desire 
when we were all about reorganizing, gave my consent, and yesterday they scattered 
to the four winds. Kelly, Peterson, Wise, and Brannon remain with me. Some 
went. Frost and Bower and the majority have returned to St. Louis County. The 
terms of enlistment of my men are ex])iring each day, and as we have not been able 
to get a single official order or instruction as to the plan of reorganization, I am 
having great trouble to satisfy the men. If yon can throw any light upon the sub- 
ject I will be much obliged to you. 

Believe me to be, yours, most respectfully, 

M. Jefk. Thompson, 
Brigadier-General, ComnuwdinQ. 
[Ibid., p. 703.] 

And on the following day General Thompson .said in a lett<n' to 
Governor Jackson: 

Headquarters First Military District, Missouri State (tuard, 

Neic Madrid, Mo., December 8, 1861. 
His Excellency C. F. Jackson, 

Governor and Commander in Chief of Missouri, Richmond, Mo. 

Sir: I have been most anxiously waiting some definite instructions in regard to 

the expiration of the terms of enlistment of the men now in the field of the Mi.><souri 

State Guard, and also about our organization under the Confederate States. The 

time of those who answered your call is fast expiring. In fact, every day whole 



272 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

companies are relieved by expiration of terms, and as many should and ought to go 
home, while others would come under different othcers, the present efficiency of the 
force is decidedly below par. If the present organization is to be continued in the 
field another proclamation from you is necessary, and if a reorganization is to be 
had or gone into, it should be done soon and all at once, so that the appeals and 
excitement can be used to better advantage. I can raise a brigade without any 
trouble, if allowed to manage it now; but if separate companies and regiments are 
allowed to ])reak up and form at different times there will be no enthusiasm and a 
great falling off in nundjers. I have a great many men sick and they are dying by 
the wholesale. Please send me some orders on the subject of reorganization. 
Yours, most respectfully, 

M. Jeff. Thompson, 
Brigadier- (ienrrul, C 'omuianding. 
[Ibid., p. 704.] 

On the i»th of December Governor Jackson was at General Thomp- 
son's headquarters, and the latter wrote concerning- the plan of reor- 
ganization: 

Headqiwrters First Military District, Missouri State Gcard, 

New Madrid, Mo., December 9, 1861. 
Col. W. G. Pheelan, 

Missouri State Guard, Camp Blanton, Mo. 
Dear Ci^i.onel: Governor Jackson is here, and I can now begin to talk with some 
knowledge of the plan of reorganization. It is proposed that all the al)le-bodied men 
shall enlist in the Confederate service, and from among themselves elect their field 
officers up to the colonel. The l>alance are to form themselves into new companies 
and regiments of Missouri State Guard under the old law, subject to be called out at 
any time the governor may see tit. 

* *^* * * * * 

M. Jeff. Thompson, 
Brigadier-General, Commanding. 
[Ibid., p. 705.] 

Again, on the 26th of December, General Thompson wrote: 

Headquarters First Military District, Missouri St.\te Guard, 

New Madrid, Mo., December £6, 1861. 
Maj. (jen. Leonidas Polk, C. S. A., Columbus, Ky. 

Dear General: Nearly all my men are disbanded and comparatively but few have 
reenlisted. They seemed determined to take the Christmas holidays to themselves 
and are having a real noisy time of it. Two-thirds of those who have eidisted are 
"for the war," and I exjiect that all of those who join in January will l)e for the war. 
Those that come in later will be twelve-months' men. I have allowed each aspirant 
for office to open a kind of recruiting office, and I swear in each man myself, intend- 
ing to coml)ine them as soon as I find elements which suit. 

I disl)and the cavalry to-morrow, and will l)e witln^ut i)ickets for a few days. 
******* 

Yours, most respectfully, 

M. Jeff. Thompson, 
Brigadiei'-General, Commandiui). 
[Ibid., J). 722.] 

Relative to the disbandment of the regiments of General Thompson's 
command, that officer wrote to General Price, January 1, 1802: 

New .Madrid, Mo., Jannanj 1, 1862. 
Maj. Gen. Sterling Price, 

Missouri State Guard, in Camp. 
Dear General: The instructions from your headquarters and your circular were 
rec-eived, and I have endeavored as far as possible to comjily witli your orders. I 
have, however, been very nuich discouraged by the action of my command and, from 
newspaper rumors, I am fearful you have suffered in the same way. I endeavoreil 
to get all to disband and I'eoi'ganize on the same day, each company of men selecting 
at once their new otiicers, and without any cessation to go on with our good work, but 
1 couM not get a corporal's guanl to agree to reenlist without first returning home or 



STATE GUARD. 273 

taking the Chri^tinasj holidays or some other excuse, and I had to adopt a plan to 
suit the condition of things; it was to march each regiment to the nearest safe point 
to the majority of their homes, and, setting different days for them to disband, to 
endeavor to induce them to reenlist. Of those disbanded at this place but few have 
volunteered up to this time. The Stoddard County regiment disbands this day at 
Cami) Blanton, in Stoddard County. The Dunklin County regiment disbands on 
the 4th at Clarkton, and the Ripley County regiment disbands on the 8th at Pitman's 
Ferry. How many of these will volunteer it is impossible to tell, but I am sure I 
will have but a skeleton force until February or March. The men are all sounder 
than the otticerg, and if I i-ould but stop their croaking all would be well. I do not 
censure all, for many of them are patriotic gentlemen, who are willing to serve any- 
where or work in any kind of harness, but many also who can not be reelected, from 
incompetency or other causes, for the purpose of covering their own defeat, hunt a 
thousand excuses, and delay others who would immediately join. 

I am now without an army, but still have hope, and if left single-handed and 
alone, I will keep the enemy in my neighborhood uneasy and on guard. 

* ****** 

Yours, most respectfully, 

M. Jeff. Thompson, 
[Ibid., p. 727.] Brigadier-General, Commanding, 

What with the disbandment of the old regiments, the organization 
of new ones for the State service, and the formation of volunteer regi- 
ment.s for the service of the Confederate States, to be treated in this 
paper under a separate head, the Missouri State Guard appears to have 
been at this time in a chaotic condition. The complex character of the 
command is illustrated bv the following: 

Gexer.\l Orders, \ Headqcarters Missouri State Gcard, 

No. 47. ( Camp on Cove Creek, Ark., February 23, 1862. 

Brig. Gen. D. 31. Frost is assigned to duty as the commander of the Seventh Divi- 
sion, in place of Brig. Gen. J. H. ]\IcBride, resigned. He will remain in command 
of the division until it contains twenty companies, when an election of a brigadier- 
general will be ordered. General Frost will also have the command of the Third 
Brigade of Missouri Volunteers. 
By order of 3Iaj. Gen. S. Price: 

Wm. H. Brand, 
Acting Assi.'<tant Adjutant-General, 
[Ibid., p. 755.] 

On April (S, 1802, at his headquarters at Des Arc, Ark., IVIaj. Gen. 
Sterling Price retired from the Missouri State Guard, which he had 
conmianded since its organization. He had been commissioned a major- 
general in the Confederate service, and had been followed into that 
service by live thousand of those who had fought with him under the 
State Hag. He appealed to others to go with them. His address on 
this occasion was as follows: 

(teneral Orders, \ Headucarters Missouri State Guard, 

No. 79. ) Des Arc, Ark., April S, 1862. 

Sol<Vnrs of the State Guard: 

I command you no longer. I have this day resigned the commission which your 
patient endurance, your devoted patriotism, and your dauntless bravery have ma<le 
so honorable. 1 have done this that I may the better serve you, our State, and our 
country; that I may the sooner lead you back to the fertile prairies, the rich wood- 
lands, and majestic streams of our beloveil Missouri; that I may the more certainly 
restore you to your once happy homes and to the loved ones there. 

Five thousand of those who have fought side Ijy side with us under the Grizzly 
Bears of Missouri have followed me into the Confederate camp. They appeal to you, 
as I do, 1)y all the tender memories of the past, not to leave us now, l)ut to go with 
us wherever the path of duty may lead, till we shall have con<juered a peace, and 
won our independence by l»rilliant deeds upon new fields of battle. 

Sokliers of the State (iuardi Veterans of six pitched battles and nearly twenty 
skirmishes! Conquerors in them all! Your country, with its "ruined hearths and 

S. Doc. 412 18 



274 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

shrines," calls upon you to rally once more in her defense, and rescue her forever 
from the terrible thraldom which threatens her. I know that she will not call in 
vain. The in-solent and l>arbai'()us horde.« which have dared to invade our soil and 
to desecrate our homes have just met with a sij^nal overthr<jw beyond the ^Mississippi. 
Now is the time to end this unhappy war. If eveiy man will Init do his duty, his 
own roof will sheltei' him in i)eace fr(»m the storms of the coming winter. 

Let not history record that the men who bore with patience the privations of Cow- 
skin Prairie, who endured uncomplainingly the burning heat of a ^lissouri summer, 
and the fro.sts and snows of a ^Missouri winter; that the men who met the enemy at 
Carthage, at Oak Hills, at Fort Scott, at Lexington, and in numberless lesser battle- 
fields in Missouri, and met them but to conquer them; that the men who fought so 
bravely and so well at Klkhorn; that the unpaid soldiery of Missouri were, after so 
many victories and after so much suffering, unequal to the great task of achieving 
the independence of their magnificent State. 

Soldiers! I go l:>ut to mark a pathway to our homes. Follow me! 

Sterling Price. 

[Ibid., p. 814.] 

In accepting General Price's resignation of his State commission 
Governor Jackson referred to him in the following complimentary 
terms: 

The commander in chief takes this occasion to exjiress his sincere regret to the 
Missouri State Guard at the loss of so gallant, experienced, and distinguished an 
officer from their councils, and to encourage them in such a performance of their 
duties in the future as will keep bright the fame they have so nobly won under his 
leadership. 

[Ibid., V. 813.] 

On the same date, April 8, 1S62, the governor assigned Brig. Gen. 
M. M. Parsons, the senior division commander, to the command of all 
the Missouri State (Tuard then in the held, with instructions to organize 
them into companies, battalions, and regiments, "according to law." 
The governor's order is as follows: 

General Orders, ] Headquarters Adjutant-General's Office, 

y Missouri State Guard, 

No. 26. j Dex Arc, Arl:, April 8, 186S. 

I. Brig. (Jen. M. M. Parsons is hereby specially detailed to the command of all 
the Missouri State (juard now in the field, and will immediately organize them into 
companies, battalions, and regiments, according to law. 

II. The army corps to be thus organized will consist exclusively of infantry and 
artillery. 

III. The general commanding will report as soon as practicable the entire force in 
the Missouri' State Guard now remaining, rank and file. 

By order of the Governor: 

Warwick Hough, 
Ad'iiitiwt-Gfneral of ^fissouri. 
[Ibid., p. 814.] 

On assiuning conunand, pursuant to the preceding order. General 
Parsons issued the following: 

General Orders. ) Headquahters IMlssouri State Guard, 

No. 1. ■ i" DcH Arc, Ark., April f), 1862. 

I. By order of the governor of the State of Missouri, bearing date April 8, 1862, I 
have this day assumed the comuiand of the ^Missouri State Guard. 

II. The above-meutioned troojis will be inmiediately orgauized into companies, 
battalions, and regimeuts, according to the laws of the State of Missouri. 

III. Lieutenant-Colonel Shields is hereby detailed as inspector to muster and 
report the troops to these headquarters. 

IV. (ienerals of divisions will rei)ort iinnu'diately the entire force of their respec- 
tive coimnands. 

V. Division (luartermasters, or, in their absence, regimental (luartermasters, will 
immediately report all horses, mules, wagons, tents, camp eiiuipage, and other' 
property in tlu'ir respective commands and belonging to the State of Missouri. They 



STATE GUARD. 275 

will also especially report all State property which has lieen transferred to the armies 
of the Confederate States. 

VI. Division ordnance officers will forthwith report all arms, ammunition, and 
artillery now belonjjing to the State of Missouri, and also all arms, ammunition, and 
artillery which may have been transferred to the Confederate Army. 

VII. Generals of division will cause the pay rolls of their respective commands to 
be made out and certified to without delay, as the funds for their payment are daily 
expected. 

VIII. Col. Joseph Kelly will, until further orders, assume command of the Sixth 
Division of ■Missouri State (niard. 

By order of ^I. M. Parsons, brigadier-general, commanding Missouri State Guard: 

Austin ]\I. Staxdisfi, 

Asslstaut Adjutanl-General. 
[Ibid., p. 815.] 

On the following day an order was issued by Maj. Gen. P^arl Van 
Dorn. relieving the Missouri State Guard from duty with his army; 
but this order, having been issued through a misunderstanding of Gov- 
ernor Jackson's intention with regard to the control of the State force, 
was promptly revoked. Owing to a then existing emergency, however, 
the contemplated reorganization of the State Guard was temporarily 
deferred. The orders of General Van Doi-n are as follows: 

Special Orders, \ Headquarters Traxs-Mississippi District, 

No. 46. ( Dc.s Arc, Ark., April 10, 1862. 

******* 

III. In consequence of the governor of Missouri having assumed the control of 
the Missouri State Guard and its organization, it is herel^y relieved from further duty 
with this army, and will report for orders to his excellency. 
By order of Maj. Gen. Earl Van Dorn: 

D. H. Ma CRY, 
Assistant Adjutant-Ueneral. 
[Ibid., p. 816.] 



Special Orders, \ Headquarters Trans-jMississippi District, 

No. 48. J Des Arc, Ark., April 11, 1862. 

The major-general commanding this district has ascertained, in an interview with 
Governor Jackson, of Missouri, that it was not his excellency's intention, by his 
order of the 8th instant, to assume control over the troops of the Missouri State 
Guard now in this army. Therefore Paragraph III, of Special Orders, No. 46, is 
hereby revoked. 

The present emergency demands the immediate services of every soldier of the 
army, and does not admit of the delaj^ which will be unavoidable in making changes 
of organization. Therefore the reorganization of the Missouri State (iuard, now 
serving under the orders of the major-general commanding this district, will be 
deferred until the earliest moment compatible with the interest of the service. 

By order of Maj. Gen. Earl Van Dorn: 

Dabney H. Maury, 
Assistant Adjutant- General. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. XIII, p. 814.] 

It appears that the Missouri State Guard became an integral part 
of the Army of the West, under the conmiand of Major-General Van 
Dorn. and that it was transferred to the east side of the Mississippi 
River, thus diverting it from the service for which it was organized, 
viz. the defense of the State of Missouri. The •'emei'gency " which 
delayed its reorganization, however, appears to have passed, and on 
the ISth of April General Van Dorn issued the following order: 

Special Orders, \ Headquarters Army of the West, 

No. 55. J Memphis, Tenn., April 18, 1862. 

******* 

II. The troops of the Army of the West, known as the ^lissouri State Guard, will 
at once l)e organized into companies, battalions, and regiments, in conformity to the 

laws of Congress. 



276 MISSOURI TROOPS— CONFEDERATE. 

Those who have been, or may hereafter be, enrolled into the Confederate service 
will in like manner be organized in companies, battalions, and regiments. 

Major-deueral Price, to whose division these troops belong, is charge<l with the 
execution of this order. 
By order of Maj. Gen. Earl Van Dorn: 

Dabxev H. Maury, 
Asi^istant Adjutant-General. 
[Ibid., Series 1, Vol. X, Part II, p. 428.] 

On the 29th of April General Van Dorn thus addressed the governor 
of the State: 

Headquarters Army of the West, 

Menipluif, Tenn., April 29, 1862. 
C. F. Jacksox, Governor of Mmouri. 

Governor: I have the honor to inform you that I have just learned that a battle 
near Corinth is imminent. This and other considerations induce me to say that 
unless the organization of the State Guard is completed to-morrow it will be impossi- 
ble for me to provide any further for them. 

The army has nearly all gone on. I go in the morning. If the organization of 
the guard is completed to-morrow it will at once be on the same footing as the other 
troops of the Confederacy with respect to supplies of every description. I hope, sir, 
that in the coming battle the country will not lose the services of so gallant a corps 
as that under your command. 

With great respect, your obeilient servant, 

Earl Van Dorn, Major-General. 
[Ibid., p. 465.] 

It will be observed that General Van Dorn's orders contemplated 
the organization of the State Guard in conformity with the laws of 
the Confederate Congress, and that in his letter to Governor Jackson 
he referred to them as ''troops of the Confederacy." Whether they 
w^ere actually reorganized under the Confederate statutes does not 
appear of record, but that they retained their status as State troops is 
shown by sul)sequent correspondence and orders. 

On June IS, 1862, the Missouri State Guard was relieved from duty 
in the Army of the West, in an order of which the following is 
a copy: 

Special Orders, \ Headquarters Army of the West, 

No. 117. j Pricerilh', Mi-i.^., .Tunc IS, 1862. 

****** * 

II. The troops under the command of Gen. M. 31. Parsons, known as the Mis- 
souri State Guard, arc relieved from tluty with this army and will j>repare to mari'h 
to-morrow with eight days' rations. The Confederate troops under (ieneral Parsons 
will, if artillery, report to the commanding otticer of the artillery l)rigade; if infantry 
or cavalry, will report to the couunanding othcer of their division (General Little). 
A battery of four pieces of artillery will march with them. The rest of the artillery 
of Parsons's brigade will be turned over to the chief of artillery, or such othcers as 
he may order to receive it, who will give the necessary receipts for the same. Gen- 
eral Parsons will cause descriptive lists to be furnished to the Confederate troops 
under his command. 

By order of Maj. Gen. Earl Van Dorn: 

31. -M. KiM.MEL, Axsixtant Adjutant- Genera I. 

[Ibi.l., Series I, Vol. XVII, Part II, p. (UO.]' 

Referring to this order, Lieut. Col. George William Brent, writing 
on the same date from headquarters Western Department, said: 

The troops that have been discharged from the army of IMajor-General ^'an Dorn 
are not in the service of the Confederate States Army, but Missouri State (^iuard. 
All such troops may be allowed to go hence. 

[Ibid., p. tiOH.] 

On the 13th of July, the Mis.souri State Guard was relieved from 
further service east of the Mississippi River and ordered to join the 



STATE GUARD. 277 

command of ]VIajor-General Hindman in the Tran.s-Mississippi Di.s- 
triet. General Bra<«o-. I>y whom this order was given, took occasion 
to express his appreciation of the soldierly qualities of the State 
troops. His order is as follows: 

Special Orders, \ HEADtiUAKTEus Department No. 2, 

No. 115. J Tupelo, Mm., July 13, 1862. 

I. The Missouri State Guard, under command of Brig. Gen. I\I. M. Parsons, are 
relieved from further service east of the Mississippi River, and will proceed with the 
least practicable delay to join the forces of Major-General Hindman as soon as prac- 
ticable. The general commanding desires to express to (reneral Parsons and his 
gallant officers and men his high apjireciation of their patri(jtic devotion to the cause 
in which we are engageil, which has ever distinguished the citizens of Missouri in 
the armies of the Confederate States. 

II. The quartermaster's department will furnish the necessary means of transpor- 
tation to facilitate the earliest possible execution of this order. 

By command of General Bragg: 

Thomas Jordan^ Chief of Staff. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. XIII, p. 855.] 

Soon after their return to the region west of the Mississippi, meas- 
ures were adopted having for their object the transfer of the State 
Guard to the Confederate service. Col. Waldo P. Johnson, a recruit- 
ing agent for the Confederate Government, writing to General Price, 
September 15. 1862, said: 

Little Rock, Ark., September 15, 1862. 
Maj. Gen. Sterling Price. 

General: I arrived here al)out one week since, reported to Major-General Holmes, 
who confirmed and enlarge«l my authority, modifying it in one particular only, 
requiring me to report to him al(~)ne otficially the result of my efforts at recruiting in 
Missouri, and requesting me at the same time to advise you of the change. * * * 
On yesterday the governor arrived, and after a long interview between the governor 
and general, at which I was present, the governor turned over to General Holmes all 
the State property at this place, embracing a large amount of clothing and other 
army stores: also all now in Mississippi. The governor also made an order turning 
over all the State Guards now in Missouri to the Confederate States, re(iuiring them 
to report to me, withdrawing from all ])ersons all power to recruit in future for the 
Missouri State Guard. I have not seen General Parsons, l)ut arrangements are on 
foot to turn his entire command over to the Confederate States service, and I think 
it will be successful, as Governor Jackson, General Hindman, and General Parsons 
are all trying to effect it in a manner satisfactory to the men. 

******* 

Waldo P. Johnson. 

[Ibid., p. 880.] 

No orders issued ])v the governor on the subject of the proposed 
transfer have been found of record, and whether or not the Missouri 
State Guard was actually turned over to the Confederate authorities 
has not been ascertained, but no record of their existence as a distinct 
military organization subsequent to the date of Colonel Johnson's let- 
ter has l)een discovered. As will hereaftei- be seen, however, an a])pro- 
priation was made a few days later )>y the Confederate Congress, and 
one at a still later date, for the payment of State Guard troops serv- 
ing the Confederacy under orders from military conunanders and l)y 
agreement between the Confederate and State authorities. It would 
seem from the terms of these appropriations that the service thus ren- 
dered was not as olticers and enlisted nien of the Confederate Army, 
but as State militia in the service of the Confederate States. 

Some of the methods adopted and the difficulties ejicountered in 
obtainino- recruits for the Missouri State Guard have alreadv been 



278 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

shown ill these pages. It ma}', however, be of interest to quote fur- 
ther testimony on this subject. 

On the 30th of August, 1861, ten days after the issue b}^ Major- 
General Price of his proclamation (that of August 20, 1801) to the 
people of Missouri, Major-General Fremont, commanding the United 
States forces in that State, issued a proclamation in which he declared, 
among other things, that all persons who should be taken with arms 
in their hands within the lines of his army would be tried by court- 
martial, and if found guilty would l)e shot, and the property of those 
who should take arms against the United States or should be proven 
to have taken an active part with the enemies of the United States in 
the held was declared contiscated to the public use, and their slaves, 
if any, were declared free. (Official Records of the Union and Con- 
federate Armies, Series II, Vol. I, p. 221.) In answer to this procla- 
mation. Brig. Gen. M. Jetf. Thompson, commanding the First Military 
District, Miss6uri State Guard, promulgated the following: 

proclamation. 

Headquarters First Military District, Missouri State Guard, 

Camp Hunter, September 2, 1861. 
To whom it may concern: 

Whereas, Maj. Gen. John C. Fremont, commanding the minions of Abraham Lin- 
coln in the State of Missouri, has seen'tit to declare martial law throughout the Avhole 
State, and has threatened to shoot any citizen soldier found in arms within certain 
limits, also to confiscate the property and free the negroes belonging to the mem- 
bers of the Missouri State Guard; therefore, know ye that I, M. Jeff. Thompson, 
brigadier-general of the First Military District of Missouri, having not only the mili- 
tary authority of brigadier-general, but certain police powers granted by Acting 
Governor Thomas C. Reynolds, and confirmed afterwards by Governor Jackson, do 
most solemnly promise, that for every member of the ^Missouri State Guard or soldier 
of our allies, the armies of the Confederate States, who shall l)e put to death in pur- 
suance of said order of General Fremont, I will hang, draw, and quarter a minion of 
said Abraham Lincoln. 

While I am anxious that this unfortunate war shall be conducted, if possible, 
upon the most liberal jirinciples of civilized warfare, and every order that I have 
issued has been with that object, yet if this rule is to be adopted (and it must first 
be done by our enemies), I intend to exceed General Fremont in his excesses and 
will make all tories that come in my reach rue the day that a different policy was 
adopted by their leaders. Already mills, barns, warehouses, and other jirivate 
property have l)een wastefully and wantonly destroyed by the enemy in this district 
while we have taken nothing except articles strictly contraV)and or absolutely 
necessary. Should these things be repeated I will retaliate tenfold, so help me God. 

M. Jeff. Thompson, 
Briqadier-deneral, Commanding. 
[Ibid., Series II, Vol. I, p. 1«1.] 

It may be stated that the confiscation and emancipation features of 
General Fremont's proclamation were piomptly repudiated and set 
aside by Presid(Mit Lincoln. (Official Records of the Union and Con- 
federate Ai'inies. Series I, Vol. Ill, p. 485.) 

Of the methods empUned l)y General Price in obtaining recruits for 
his army and the obstacles encountered, he wrote, December 81, 1801: 

HEADQUAHrEKS MISSOURI StATE GuARD, 

Springtiehl, December 23, 1861. 
Major-General Polk, Cohnnhux, Ky. 

General: I acknowledge with very great pleasure the receipt of your letter of the 
4th instant. 

******* 

There are two main obstacles in the way of the successful prosecution of the war 
in this State, ime of which nught to have been long since overcome, and the other 
of which ought never to have existed, and the present existence of both of which 



STATE GUARD. 279 

is due mainly, if not altogether, to the conduct of (ieneral McC'ulloch: First, the fact 
that the great majority of those who desire to take up arms on the part of the South 
are prevented from doing so by the enemy's occupation of the State, which closes to 
them every avenue of approach to my army, and, second, the dissatisfaction which 
General McCulloch's' constant refusal to cooperate with us has engendered in the 
minds of the people of Missouri, and which leads them to doubt whether the Con- 
federate Government really sympathizes with and desires to aid them. 

The most populous and truest counties of the State lie upon or north of the Mis- 
souri River. Had General ^NIcGuUoch, in response to my eai-nest entreaties, accom- 
panied me to that river immediately after the battle of Springfield, we could easily 
have maintained our position there until my army (which was, in fact, augmented 
from less than (5,000 to more than 16,000 men during the few days we lay there) 
would have been increased to at least 50,000, and four-tifths of the State would have 
fallen without a struggle into our possession. As it was, however, I was soon threat- 
ened by overwhelming numbers and I'ompelled to fall l^ack again to the southern 
border of the State, and thousands of those who had flocked to my standard, feeling 
that they had been betrayed and abandoned by the Confederate Government, 
returned to their homes discontented and disheartened. 

Again, after the late retreat of the army from the southwest, I begged General 
McCulloch to accompany me to the Missouri, and he again refused to do so. I 
started thither with my own army and reached the Osage just as the time of service 
of three-fourths of my own men was expiring. Nearly every one of them had left 
his home months before without an hour's notice, leaving their families unprotected 
and unprovided for. A severe winter was at hand; the men were themselves badly 
clad, and not one of them had ever received a dime in payment of his services. Many 
of them insisted upon going home for a few weeks to procure clothing for themselves 
and make some provision for the comfort of their families, who were exposed, not 
only to the severities of a Missouri winter, but to the fury ()f an enemy whose bar- 
barity can not be described. 

1 could not refuse their reasonable request, and my army became so small that it 
would have been highly perilous for me to have crossed the Osage, threatened as I 
was from Kansas, from Sedalia, and from Rolla. Knowing, however, that thousands 
of the people on the north side of the Missouri would come to me, even at this sea- 
son, if I could but open the way for them, I sent a detachment of 1,100 men to Lex- 
ington, which, after remaining only a part of one day, gathered together about 2,500 
recruits and escorted them in safety to me at Osceola. Could the detachment have 
remained on the river only a few days longer the number of recruits would have 
been indefinitely increased; but the enemy, having gotten insight into the move- 
ment, concentrated their forces against it and compelled it to return. There are 
many counties north of the river in which organized companies of from 500 to 1,500 
are now ready to join and are only waiting an opportunity to do so. 

******* 

We may yet make this winter campaign result in the deliverance of Missouri, or 
at least in great good to our cau.se. I will have at least 20,000 men under my com- 
mand in a very short time, and will gladly unite with you in a movement on St. 
Louis, as suggested by you. If you will mature your plans and communicate them 
to me you will be seconded in the execution of them, not only by myself, but by 
every man in my army, and whether we succeed in the main object or not, we will 
acconipHsh a great deal. Our people will see that the Government really desires to 
assist them. Their way to the army will at the same time be opened to them by the 
withdrawal of the enemy's forces from the rest of the State for the protection of St. 
Louis, and they will come to us from every (|uarter by hundreds and by thousands. 
I am informed, too, that there are over 6,000 men in St. Louis ready to spring to 
arms at the flrst gleam of hope. I do, therefore, hope you will find it expedient to 
undertake the execution of your bold and well-conceived plan. You will have my 
hearty cooperation. The bearer, Mr. Burton, will inform you more particularly of 
the strength of mj- army. 

I have the honor to be, general, with the greatest respect, your obedient servant, 

Sterling Price, 
Major- General, Missouri State Guards. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. VIII, p. 729.] 

But the difficulties experienced in recruiting the arni}^ were not the 
only ones to be met and overcome. Notwithstunding the provisions 
made in the State laws, quoted in this chapter, for the support of the 
militia, the authorities were greatly embarrassed by the lack of funds 



280 MISSOURI TROOPS — CONFEDERATE. 

for the oquipiuent and subsistence of the troops and other necessarv 
expenses of conductino- military operations. On this sul)ject Gen. 
Gideon J. Pillow, the Confederate commander of the ''Army of Lib- 
eration,"" said in a letter to General Polk, August 8,* 1861: 

IIeaduuarters Army of Liberation, 

New Madrid, A nfjust 9, 1861. 
[General Polk.] 

General: * * * The Missouri forces are in the most inefficient possible con- 
dition. The authorities of the State have no funds, no means of subsisting the forces 
of the State; they have no regular organization of staff othcers; they have no means 
of sul)sistence except such as is taken by them from the inhabitants of the country. 
There is no one authorized to give certificates for these seizures, and if this system 
of illegal seizures should be kept up, it will turn the feelings of the best, friends of 
the South in the country against our cause. But, independent of this, it will be 
impossible to keep the Missouri forces in the field; they will disband, and in their 
present condition I would not blame them for doing so. 

To obviate this difficulty I have determined to accept any of these troops who 
will accept service in the Confederate Army for and during the war. 

* * * * * * * 

GiD. J. Pillow, General, Commanding. 
[Ibid., Series I, Vol. Ill, p. 639.] 

Other testimony to the same eflect is not lackino-. Some relief was, 
however, provided b}' the Confederate Congress, which, on August 6, 
1801, appropriated $1,000,000 for the purchase of clothing. su))sistence, 
and ammunition for the Missouri troops serving in cooperation with 
those of the Confederate States. The act by which the appropriation 
was made is as follows: 

AN ACT to give aid to the people and State of Missouri. 

The Congress of the Confederate States of America do enact, That to aid the people of 
the State of Missouri in the effort to maintain, within their own limits, the constitu- 
tional liberty which it is the purpose of the Confederate States in the existing war 
to vindicate, there shall Vjc, and is hereby, appropriated, out of any moneys in the 
Treasury not otherwise appropriated, 11,000,000 to supply clothing, suljsistence, 
arms, and ammunition to the troops of Missouri who may cooperate with those of 
the Confederate States during the progress of the existing war; said sum to be 
expended under the discretion of the President of the Confederate States for the 
purposes aforesaid. 

Approved, Augusts, 1861. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. LIII, p. 721.] 

And in the convention entered into l)etween the Confederate States 
and the State of Missouri, October 31, 1861, (juotcd in the jireceding 
chapter, it was provided: 

Art. IV. All expenditures for the prosecution of the existing war incurred by the 
State of ^Missouri from and after the date of the signing of this convention shall be 
met and provided for by the Confederate States. 

£Il)iil,, p. 754,] 

In an act of the Confederate Congress apjiroved January '21, 1862, 
the secretary of the Confederate treasury was directed to advance to 
the State of Missouri ^l^l, 000,000, to be applied to the payment of the 
trooi)s in the service of the State prior to their nuister into the Con- 
federate service, and in an act approved Fel)ruary 15, 1862. an addi- 
tional advance of $1,000,000 was aiitliorized foi- "military purposes" 
not sjx'citied. Following are (•o})ies of the enactments ri'ferred to: 

;;AN act for tho relief of the State of Missouri! 

The ('(ingress of the Confederate States of America do enact, That the Secretary of the 
Treasury is hereby directed to issue to the State of Missouri, upon the application of 



STATE GUARD. 281 

the fund commii^sioners for said State, $1,000,000 in treasury notes, upon the condi- 
tion that the said State of Missouri deposit with the Secretary of the Treasury of the 
Confederate States an equal sum in the bonds of the State of Missouri, authorized to 
be issued under an act of the legislature of said State, entitled "An act to provide 
for the defense of said State, and for other purposes," which bonds shall be held by 
the Secretary of the Treasury until the accounts of the State of Missouri for advances 
made for military purposes are adjusted as Congress may direct. 

Sec. 2. That upon the final adjustment of the accounts of the State of Missouri 
against the Confederate States, the sum hereby advanced shall be deducted from the 
amount found due to said State. 

Sec. 3. The sum hereby appropriated shall be applied by the State of ^lissouri to 
the payment of troops in the service of the said State prior to their muster into the 
Confederate service. 

Approved, January 27, 1862. 

[Ibid., Series IV, Vol. I, p. 882.] 



AN ACT for the relief of the State of Missouri. 

The Congress of the Confederate States of America do enact, That the Secretary of the 
Treasury is hereby directed to issue to the State of Missouri, upon the application of 
the fun(i commissioners for said State, 81,000,000 in treasury notes, upon the condi- 
tion that the said State of ]Missouri deposit with the Secretary of the Treasury of the 
Confederate States an equal sum in the bonds of the State of Missouri, authorized to 
be issued under an act of the legislature of said State, entitled "An act to provide for 
the defense of the State of Missouri, and for other purposes," which bonds shall be 
held by the Secretary of the Treasury until the accounts of the State of Missouri for 
advances made for military purposes are adjusted as Congress may direct. 

Sec. 2. That upon the final adjustment of the accounts of the State of ^Missouri 
against the Confederate States the sum hereby advanced shall be deducted from the 
amount found due to said State. 

Approved, February 15, 1865. 

[Ibid., p. 939.] 

In a later act, approved September 23, 1862, lieretofore referred to 
in this paper, provision was made for tiie pa^ ment of officers and 
enlisted men of the Missouri State Guard who had been called into the 
service of the Confederate States by militarv commanders, or by agree- 
ment between the authorities of the State and the Confederate States, 
their pay to be the same that they would have been entitled to receive 
"if belong-ing to the Confederate Army.'' That portion of the act 
containing this provision is here quoted: 

AN' ACT to provide for the payment of certain claims against the Confederate States in the State of 

Missouri. 

******* 
Sec. 2. All officers and soldiers of the ^lissouri State Guard, called into the service 
of the Confederate States by the order of any commanding officer of the Confederate 
Army, and rendering service to the Confeilerate States under any agreement made 
between the authorities of the State of Missouri and those of the Confederate States, 
shall receive the same pay for the time during which such ofl^cers and soldiers maj' 
have been in such service as they would have been entitled to receive if belonging to 
the Confederate Army: Provided, lioverer. That all staff officers belonging to said 
Mis.souri State Guard shall only receive for their services the same compensation with 
staff officers discharging like <luties in the Confederate Army. 

******* 

Approved, September 23, 1862. 
[Ibid., Series IV, Vol. II, p. 91.] 

Finally, by an act approved April K), 1803, provision was made for 
the payment of members of the ^Missouri State Guard "after their 



282 MISSOUEI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

transfer to the Confederate States," who, for certain reasons, had not 
received their pay. This act reads as follows: 

AN ACT for the relief of certain officers and soldiers from the State of Missouri. 

The Congress of the Confederate States of America do enact, That the sum of $75,000 
be, and i^^ hereby, appropriated, out of any money in the treasury not otherwise 
appropriated, to pay the officers and men of the Missouri State Guard (after their 
transfer to the Confederate States) who, from imprisonment, absence, and other 
accidental causes, have not received their pay, under sucli rules and regulations as 
the Secretary of War may prescribe. 

Approved, April 16, 1863. 

[Ibid., p. 496.] 

The military force known as the Missouri State Griiard was peculiar, 
if not unparalleled in the history of the civil war, in that it formed 
the army of a State which was declared by its chief maoistrate to be a 
'"sovereign, free, and independent republic/' having- "full power to 
levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and 
do all other things which independent States may of right do." and as 
such independent republic formed an alliance, offensive and defensive, 
with the Confederate States. 

That these troops rendered gallant service is abundantly shown by 
the official reports, and to the testimony already recorded in these 
pages may be added that of the Confederate Congress in a resolution, 
approved December 3, 1861, of which the following is a copy : 

A RESOLUTION of thanks to Maj. Gen. Sterling Price and the officers and soldiers under his com- 
mand for gallant and meritorious conduct in the present war. 

Be It resolved bytlie Congress of the Confederate States of America, That the thanks of 
the people of the Confederate States are eminently due, and are hereby tendered, to 
Maj. Gen. Sterling Price and the Missouri army under his command for the gallant 
conduct they have displayed throughout their service in the present war, and espe- 
cially for the skill, fortitude, and courage by which they gained the brilliant achieve- 
ment at Lexington, Mo., resulting, on the 20th day of September last, in the reduc- 
tion of that town and the surrender of the entire Federal army there employed. 

Be it further resolved, That a copy of this resolution be commuciated by the Presi- 
dent to General Price, and througli him to the army then under his command. 

Approved, December 8, 1861. 

[Il)id., Series I, Vol. LlII, p. 758.] 

In the absence of the official returns, the number of men who served 
in the Missouri State Guard during the period of its service can not be 
correctly stated, and there are no records on tih^ in the War Department 
from which the numl)er can be approximated with any degree of accu- 
racy. That the number Avas large is evident from the documents cjuoted 
in this paper and from the juunbcr of organizations mentioned in the 
accompanying schedule, which, in the absence of the muster rolls, has 
been prepared from such official mention and other data as have been 
found of record. These schedules show a total of 27 regiments and 3 
battalions of cavalry, 10 companies of artillery and 27 regiments and 11 
battalions of infantry. At the minimum strength of company organi- 
zations and the minimum luuuberof companies to a regiment, as tixed 
by the State law, these would represent a total of ai)out 17,500 men. 
But it is reasonable to suppose that some of tln^ companies and regi- 
ments were of the maximum strength, and that Uirge niunbers of 
recruits were received to supply losses from the casualties of the serv- 
ice. Considering this in connection with the fact that the schedule 
probably does not include all of the organizations actually in existence, 
it is evident that the numV)ers of the ^lissouri State Guard were ver}' 
much in excess of the i)()ssit>le minimum above given. 



MISSODRI VOLUNTEERS, CONFEDERATE SERVICE. 



Although the early efforts of the authorities of the State of Missouri 
were directed mainly toward the organization of the Missouri State 
Guard, a military force formed for the service and in defense of the 
State of Missouri, measures were simultaneously taken having for 
their object the enlistment of Missouri volunteers for the Confed- 
erate service. As early as April 15, 1861, Col. M. Jet!'. Thompson of 
the Missouri militia, subsequently a brigadier-general of the Missouri 
State Guard, offered to the President of the Confederate States the 
services of several companies of Missouri volunteers. His offer was 
made in the following terms: 

St. Joseph, Mo., April 15, 1S61. 
His Excellency Jefferson Davis, 

President of the Confederate States, Montgomery, Ala. 

Sir: Not knowing the name of your adjutant-general or any other projier person 
to make the inquiries of which I desire, I have taken the liberty of addressing you 
direct. 

I am anxious to know whether the Confederate States desire volunteers from the 
border States, and if there is any regular arrangement for their reception, or whether 
it is necessary to have any authority from your government before volunteers should 
be raised. 

My object in asking is that, should Missouri refuse to join her Southern sisters, I 
desire and intend to move South, and I can, if acceptable, bring one, two, or three 
companies of as good and true men as the Southern sun ever shone on, if I can 
assure them that their officers will be confirmed and commissioned by your 
government. 

****** -x- 

Yours, respectfully, 

M. Jeff. Thompson, 
Colonel, Inspector Fourth Military District, Mi><souri Militia. 
[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. I, p. 684.] 

To this letter the Confederate War Department replied, April 29, 
1861, advising Colonel Thompson that in the opinion of the depart- 
ment the time was rapidly approaching when, with the concurrence 
of the governor of Missouri, militar^^ assistance might be accepted 
from that State by the Confederate authorities. It was therefore 
advised that companies, battalions, and regiments be organized and 
held in readiness for future .service. Following is a cop\^ of the War 
Department letter: 

War Department, Confederate States of America, 

Montgomery, Apr-' "29, 1861. 
Col. M. J. Thompson, *SV. Joseph, Mo. 

Sir: Your letter of the loth of April, addressed to the President, has been referred 
to this Department, and I am instructed by the Secretary of War to say, in answer to 
V '283 



284 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

your proposition, that the time is rapidly approaching, in his opinion, when, with 
the concurrence of the governor of Missouri, military assistance may be accepted 
from that State by the Confeilerate States. In view of this gratifying fact, those 
among you sympathizing with our cause would do well to organize military compa- 
nies, battalions, and regiments and hold them in readiness for action against our 
incendiary foe, equally hostile to the entire South. 

I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

JoHX Tyler, Jr. 
[Ibid., p. 689.] 

Three da\> before this respon.se to Colonel Thompson's offer the 
Confederate Secretary of War had called upon Governor Jackson for a 
regiment of infantr}' for service in Virginia. His letter is as follows: 

IMoNTGOMERY, April 26, 1861. 
Governor C. F. Jacksox, Jefferson Cifi/, Mo.: 

Can you arm and equip one regiment of infantry for service in Virginia, to rendez- 
vous at Richmond? Transportation will be provided 1)y this government. The 
regiment to elect its own officers, and must enlist for not less than twelve months, 
unless sooner discharged. 

L. P. Walker. 
[Ibid.] 

Governor Jackson replied, in effect, that the State of Missouri was 
3'et in union with the Government of the United States; that he had 
therefore no legal authority to furnish the men desired, and that the 
State was deficient in arms, ])ut that there were plent}' of men ready 
and willing- to march to the defense of the South, and Missouri would 
put 100,000 men in the tield, if required. Following is a copy of his 
letter: 

Executive Department, 

Jefferson City, Mo., Mai/ 5, 1861. 
Hon. L. P. Walker, 

Secretary of Tl't/r, Montgomery. 

Sir: Yours of the 26th ultimo, via Louisville, is received. I have no legal author- 
ity to furnish the men you desire. Missouri, you know, is yet under the tyranny of 
Lincoln's Government, so far, at least, as forms go. We are woefully deficient here 
in arms, and can not furnish them at present; l>ut so far as men are concerned we 
have plenty of them, ready, willing, and anxious to march at any moment to the 
defense of the South. Our legislature has just met, and I doubt not will give me all 
necessary authority over the matter. If you can arm the men they will go when- 
ever wanted, and to any point where they may be most needed. I send this to 
Memphis uy i>iivate hand, being afraid to trust our mails or telegraphs. Let me 
hear from you l)y the same means. INIissouri can and will i>ut 100,000 men in the 
field if required. We are using every means to arm our people, and until we are 
better prepared must move cautiously. I write this in i-ontidence. 

With my prayers for your success, I remain, very respectfully, your obedient 
servant, 

C. F. Jackson, (lovcrnor of Mi.^sonri. 

[Ibid., p. 690.] 

On the tith of May Colonel Thompson, of the Missouri militia, again 
addressed the President, advising him that he was then of the opinion 
that he and his men would be needed at home. He said: 

Headijuahteks Fourth INIilitary District, 
Missouri Volunteer ^Iilitia, Camp C. F. Jackson, 

Near St. Joseph. Mo., Monday, May 6, 1861. 
His Excellency Jefferson Davis, 

Presiderd of the Confederate States, Montyomery, Ala. 

Sir: Your favor of the 25th ultimo has been received, and I am thankful for your 

courtesy. I hope, and have reasonable exi)ectations now, that Missouri will soon 

wheel int(j line with her Southern sisters, in which <"a.se I an<l my men will be 

needed here at home. I believe that this portion of ^lissouri (north of the Missouri 



VOLUNTEERS. 285 

River) will be the principal Ijattle ground l)et\veen the North and the South, ap St. 
Joseph, with its railroad connertions, is the key to Kansas, New Mexico, Jeffer- 
son [?], and Utah, and we have already been notified that the North has determined 
to hold this portion of the State, even though they lose all the rest of the slavehold- 
ing States, and they will either cover it over with dollars or blood, and the choice is 
for us to make. 1 have eight companies here in a camp of instruction l)y order of our 
governor, and can assure you that they are all Blue Cockade boys, and if our leaders 
are disposed to sell this territory for money our blood will remain at your service. 
Yours, most respectfully, 

M. Jeff. Thompson, 
Colonel, Inspector of Fourth Militan/ District. 
[Ibid.] 

Under date of July <>, 1861, Hon. E. C. Cabell strongly urged upon 
the Confederate Government the invasion of Missouri by the Confed- 
erate forces and the organization of Missouri troops for the Confederate 
service. His letter to the President on this subject is as follows: 

Richmond, Va., JiUi/ 6, 1861. 
His Excellency Jefferson Davis, 

Fresident of Confederate States of America. 

Sir: If not inconsistent with your views of constitutional powers, and if you have 
the troops at your command, I respectfully recommend that at least 10,000 well- 
appointed troops be concentrated on the northern border of Arkansas at the earliest 
practicable moment, within the military district of Brigadier-General Hardee, and a 
like number, if possible, within the department of Major-General Polk, and that both 
of these officers be distinctly authorized to enter the State of ^Missouri, to drive back 
and to pursue the enemy now threatening the invasion of Arkansas and a descent on 
Tennessee, as far into Missouri as they deem prudent and advisable. I Mould also 
respectfully ask that more specific instructions be given to General McCulloch, author- 
izing him to enter the State of ^Missouri with the same object and for the same pur- 
pose. None but the enemies of the Confederate States and of Missouri will protest 
against this — none others will object; but all whose wishes you would respect invite 
and will cordially welcome your troops in the State. I make this recjuest because 
I have reason to know that the instructions to these officers are of so guarded a 
character as to produce doubt as to their authority and embarrassment as to their 
movements. 

I also respectfully recommend that, if practicable, the troops destined to operate 
in north Arkansas and Missouri be armeci with muskets with bayonets and that an 
extra amount of field artillery ])e sent with them. Any army you may send will be 
immediately reenforced to any extent you may desire by Missourians, armed with the 
ordinary guns and rifies of the coimtry, and volunteers from that State will be on the 
spot to serve all the field pieces your army may have. There will also be at hand as 
many cavalry as you may want, but not regularly equipped. The ^lissourians will 
furnish prom])tly men and horses enough to drive every man of the enemy's forces 
far from Arkansas and back into Illinois. They want arms and organization, espe- 
cially muskets with l)ayonets and field artillery. Under command of the accom- 
plished generals you have sent to Arkansas organizatfon will soon l)e effected, and 
the deficiency of small arms, which you can not furnish, will be i^artially, and per- 
haps effectively, supplied by the i^rivate arms of the Missouri volunteers. In this 
way, I confidently believe, the enemy may be driven out of Missouri, and thus the 
safety of Arkansas and Tennessee and of the whole valley of the ^Mississippi be effectu- 
ally secured; for the troops of Mr. Lincoln will never venture to descend the river 
with an enemy in their rear so powerful as the State of Missouri in arms against them 
and threatening Illinois and Iowa. Thus may the military operations be transferred 
from Arkansas and Tennessee to Missouri, and the battles of those States be fought on 
Missouri soil, to which the people of Missouri cordially invite you. 

The danger of the invasion of Arkansas and the difficulty of driving back the 
enemy's forces threatening that State have l)een greatly increased by the <lela5', for 
the most part unavoidable, in .^ending troops to north Arkansas. Three weeks ago 
half the number would have accomplished the object, and every day's delay adds to 
the difficulties to be oven'ome. In view of the importance of ))rompt action and of 
the magnitude of the oliject to be effected, I trust you will pardon me for suggesting 
that a portion of the troojjs now organized and ready for the field in Noith Carolina, 
or some other of the Confederate States, be dispatched to General Hardee's com- 
mand, and that (.General Polk be instructed to inquire if a portion of his command 



286 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

now in Tennessee could not witli advantage to the service be ordered to northeast 
Arkant^as. 

On the api)roach of any force you may order to the ^lissuuri frontier the citizens 
of Missouri will, as I have intimated, flock to your standard. They, as well as the 
executive of the State, desire that the chief military oj^erations in the State shall be 
under the direction of your commanding officers when they enter Missouri. I would 
therefore suggest that provision be made for a much larger force than you may send 
to Arkansas. There are thousands of Missourians willing and anxious to volunteer 
in the service of the Confederate States, with the expectation of being employed in 
rei)elling the threatened invasion of Arkansas, which they know can best, and indeed 
alone, be effected by driving back the enemy's forces now in Missouri and approach- 
ing the borders of Arkansas. Please inform me if you will receive volunteers from 
INIissouri in companies or regiments, and how many and on what conditions. Their 
organization may be effected in ^lissouri, but if that is deemed unadvisable they 
may organize in Arkansas. More troops will certainly be wante<l in that quarter, 
and I suggest that ^Missouri volunteers be organized and received, whether they can 
be armed at present or not. We hope that arms may be had soon, and when they 
come these troops will l)e on the spot, ready for action. Missouri can supply brave 
and loyal men, if organized and armed, not only to drive out the invaders of her 
soil, but enough to furnish 30,000 good soldiers to fight the l)attles of the Confederate 
States elsewhere. Colonel Bowen's regiment at Memphis is by this time full and 
with but few arms. It seems to me that there can be no more urgent demand for 
arms than to complete the arming of this regiment, which I recommend to be sent to 
General Hardee. 

I have felt authorized to make these suggestions and recommendations in conse- 
quence of j^our invitation to do so at our last personal interview. Your consideration 
of them, and as early a reply as convenient, will greatly oblige me. I hoped before 
this to have received an answer to my communication of the 22d of June. 
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

E. C. Cabell. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. Ill, p. 603.] 

To this letter the President replied: 

Richmond, V.\., July 8, 1861. 
Hon. E. C. Cabell. 

Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge your several letters of June — , 1861, of July 
6, 1861, and another of same date, marked private; also a printed copy of the proc- 
lamation of the governor of Missouri, bearing date June 12, 1861, which was inclosed 
in the first-named communication. The last paragraj^h of the proclamation does not 
quite accord with the general proposition submitted by you. Accept my thanks for 
the information furnished by you. Your recommendations, requests, and sugges- 
tions have lieen noted, and your letters referred to the Secretary of War for file and 
future reference. You have been heretofore advised of the sympathy I feel for the 
cause of Missouri, so graphically and feelingly described. Constant occupation leaves 
me little time for correspondence; but, were it otherwise, you surely would not 
expect me to reply to your requisitions by stating the force and stores of the Confed- 
erate States to show that your large wants could not now be supplied, or by discuss- 
ing with you (luestions of the constitutional power of the Executive. 
\'ery respectfully, yours, 

Jefferson Davis. 

[Ibid., p. 605.] 

Prior to this correspondence, however, one regiment of Missouri 
volunteers had ])een accepted into the Confederate service. This reg- 
iment. Col. flolm S. Powen's First ^Missouri Infantry, was organized 
rlune 22, 1S()1, at Memphis, Tenn,. and was mustered into the service 
of tlie ( 'on Fedei-ate States for the period of tw(d\e months. The sjiecitic 
authority foi' its organization h;is not l)een found of recoT'd. but it was 
l)rol)al»ly organized and acc(>j)ted under an act of the Confederate Con- 
gress, approved May 11. lsr»l, whicii piovidtnl. among other things, 



VOLUNTEERS. 287 

that battalions and regiments might l)e enlisted from States not in 
union Avith the ConfederatT. The text of this enactment is as follows: 

AN ACT to make further provisions for the public defense. 

Whereas^, war exii^ts l)etween the Ignited States and the Confederate States; and 

Whereas, the public Aveh'are may require tlie reception of volunteer forces into the 
service of the Confederate States without the formality and delay of a call upon the 
respective states: [Therefore,] 

Hie CongreitK of tJir Confederate States of America do mart, That the Presi<lent lie 
authorized to receive into service such companies, battalions, or rejiiments, either 
mounted or on foot, as may tender themselves, and he may require, without the delay 
of a formal call upon the respective States, to serve for such time as he may prescribe. 

Sec. 2. Such volunteer forces who may be accepted under this act, excej)t as herein 
differently provided, shall be organized in accordance with and subject to all the 
provisions of the act entitled "An act to provide for the public defense," and be 
entitled to all the allowances provided therein; and when mustered into service may 
be attached to such divisions, briojades, or regiments as the President may direct, or 
ordered upon such independent or detached service as the President niay deem 
expedient: Frovided, hoirerer, That battalions and regiments may l)e enliste<l from 
States not of this Confederacy, and the President may appoint alfor any of the field 
officers thereof. 

Sec. 3. The President shall be authorized to commission all ofiicers entitled to 
commissions of such volunteer forces as maybe received under the jirovisions of this 
act. And upon the request of the officer commanding such volunteer regiment, bat- 
talion, or company the President may attach a supernumerary officer to each com- 
pany, detailed from the Regular Army for that purpose, and for such time as the 
President may direct. 

Approved, May 11, 1861. 

[Ibid., Series IV, Vol. I, p. 310.] 

Further legislation followed, authorizing the organization for the 
Confederate service of troops from States not of the Confederacy. 
B}^ an act of the Confederate Congress approved August 8. 1861. the 
President was authorized to grant commissions for the purpose of 
raising regiments and battalion.s to be composed of residents of certain 
border States, including the State of Missouri. Following is a copj' 
of the act: 

AN ACT to authorize the President of the Confederate States to grant commissions to raise volunteer 
regiments and battalions composed of persons who are or have been residents of the States of Ken- 
tucky, Missouri, Maryland, and Delaware. 

The Congress of the Confederate States of America do enact, That the President of the 
Confederate States be, and he is herel)y, authorized to grant connnissions to officers 
above the grade of captain to such persons as he may think fit, to raise and command 
volunteer regiments and battalions for the service of the Confederate States, said 
regiments and battalions to be composed of persons who are or have been residents 
of the States of Kentucky, Missouri, IShiryland, or Delaware, and who have enlisted 
or may enlist under said officers, uj)on the condition, however, that such officers 
shall not hold rank or receive pay until such regiments or l)attalions have been raised 
and are mustered into service. 

Approved, Augflst 8, 1861. 

[Ibid., p. 536.] 

The first legislative authority for the organization within the State 
of Missouri of volunteers for the Confederate service is, however, 
found in an act of the Confederate Congres.s. approved August 20, 
1861, entitled "An act to aid tlie State of Mis.souri in repelling inva- 
sion by the United States, and to authorize the admission of said State 
as a member of the Confederate States of America, and for othei- pur- 
poses.'' This act. in so far as it relates to the admission of the State 
of Missouri to the Confederate States and the formation of a prelimi- 



288 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

nary alliiince between the Confederacy and the State of Mi.ssouri, has 
heretofore l)een quoted in this paper. That portion of the act relating 
to the admission of Missouri troops to the Confederate service is as 
follows: 

AVhereas, the people of the State of IMinsiouri have V)een prevented by the unconsti- 
tutional interference of the Government of the L'nited State!* from expressing their 
will through their legally constituted authorities in regard to a union with the Con- 
federate States of America, and are now engaged in repelling a lawless invasion of 
their territory by armed forces; and 

AVhereas, it is the right and duty of the Confederate States to aid the i)eople and 
government of the said State in resisting such invasion, and in securing the means 
and the opportunity of expressing their will upon all questions affecting their rights 
and liberties: Now, therefore, 

The Congri'Ks of the Confederate Staten of America do enact, That the President of the 
Confederate States of America be, and he is hereby, authorized to cooperate through 
the military power of this Government with the authorities and the people of the 
State of Missouri in defending that State against a lawless invasion by the United 
States, and in maintaining the liljerty and independence of her people, antl that he 
be authorized and empowered, at his discretion, to receive and muster into the service 
of the Confederate States, in the State of Missouri, such troops of that State as may 
volunteer to serve in the Army of the Confederate States, subject to the rules and 
regulations of said Army, and in accordance with the laws of Congress; and said 
troops may be received into service by companies, battalions, or regiments, with their 
officers elected by the troops, and the officers so elected shall be commissioned by 
the President; and when mustered into service said companies, battalions, or regi- 
ments may be attached to such brigades or divisions as the President may determine; 
and the President shall have power to appoint field ofiicers for all battalions and 
regiments organized out of separate companies mustered into service, and to add to 
battalions a sufficient number of separate companies to complete their organization 
into regiments, and to appoint the additional field officers necessary for the complete 
organization of the regiments so formed; and all vacancies that may occur amongst 
the conuuissioned officers of troops nuistereil into service under this act shall lie filled 
in the manner provided in the act entitled "An act for the establishment and organi- 
zation of the Armv of the Confederate States of America," approved March 6, 1861. 
******* 

Approved, August 20, 1861. 
[Ibid., p. 576.] 

A few days later, by an act approved August 3(>, IStil. the President 
was authorized to establish recruiting stations within the Confederate 
States for volunteers from Missouri and other border States. Follow- 
ing is a copy of the act: 

AN A(;T to luitliorize the establinhment of recruiting !<tati(>ns for vohinteers from the States of Ken- 
tucky, MissoTiri, Maryhmd, and Delaware. 

The Congresa of the Confederate States of America do enact, That the President be, and 
he is hereby, authorized to establish recruiting stations within the Confederate 
States for the reception of volunteers into the military service of the Con-federate 
States from among persons who are, or have been, residents of the States of Ken- 
tucky, Missouri, Maryland, and Delaware. 

Sec. 2. That the President be authorized to grant commissions as captains to such 
persons as he may think fit to raise and command coniiianies to be-composed of such 
volunteers; upon the condition, however, that such officers shall not hold rank or 
receive pay until such companies have l»ecn raised and are nnistered into service. 

Sec. 'A. Whenever such recruits sliail amount to a sufficient number to l)e formed 
into companies, the President may direct the same to l)e so organized, ajipointing all 
conuuissioned ofiicers of the several companies in addition to the captains provided 
for in the preceding section. And such comi)anies may be organized into regiments 
in like manner uiider the direction of the President. 

Sec. 4. Until such recruits shall amount to a sufficient number to be organized 
into comi)anies, they shall receive no comipcnsation excejit their cltithing and rations. 

Approved, August '.W, 1861. 

[Ibid., p. r>85.] 

On October l-t, 18()l, Brig. Gen. Ren. McCidloch, connnanding the 
Confederate forces in Arkansas, urged the reorganization of the Mis- 



VOLUNTEER S. 289 

souri forces (the Missouri State Guard) and their muster into the Con- 
federate service. Writing to the Secretary of War he said: 

Camp Jackson, Ark., October 14, 1S6 1 . 
Honorable Secretary ov War. 

Sir: I am just in receipt of a letter from Governor Jackson in which lie informs me 
that liis force has fallen l)ack from Lexington to tlie Osage River, and that they are 

in great want of musket caps. 

******* 

The sooner the Missonri forces are reorganized and mustered into the Confeilerate 
service the better, as they are at present not bound I)y any tie, and will remain in the 
field no longer than thev think fit, no matter what mav result from their withdrawal. 

* * "^ * * * * * 

Ben. McCuLLOcn, Brujad'(er-(iener(d, Commanding. 
[Ibid., Series I, Vol. Ill, p. 718.] 

The convention })etween the Confederate States and the State of 
Missouri, entered into Octol)er 31, 1801, has ])eon quoted in full in a 
preceding- chapter. For the sake of convenience of reference, articles 
II and III of this agreement are here repeated: 

Art. II. Until said State of Missonri shall become a member of said Confederacy 
the whole military force, material of war, an/l military operations, offensive and 
defensive, of said S"tate shall be under the chief control and direction of the President 
of the Confederate States, upon the same basis, principles, and footing as if said State 
were now and during the interval a member of said Confederacy, the said force, 
together with that of tlie Confederate States, to be employed fortheir common defense. 

Art. III. The State of Missonri will, whenever she becomes a member of said 
Confederacy, turn over to said Confederate States all the public property, naval stores, 
and munitions of war of which she may then be in possession acquired from the United 
States (excepting the public lands) on the same terms and in the same manner as the 
other States of said Confederacy have done in like cases. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. LIII, p. 754.] 

On November 25, 1861, Maj. Gen. Sterling Price, commanding the 
Missouri State Guard, issued from his headquarters a circular in which 
he announced that the Confederate Government proposed, in accord- 
ance with the terms of the convention or treatv referred to, to receive 
into its service as many troops from the State of Missouri as might 
volunteer to serve for the period of twelve months. This circular, 
which embodies at great length the details of organization, and is pub- 
lished only in part in the Official Records of the Union and Confederate 
Armies (Series I, Vol. VJII, p. 603), is here quoted in full: 

Headquarters Missouri State Guard, November 25, 1861. 
Circular.] 

First. The Confederate Government proposes, in accordance with the terms of the 
treaty recently made between this State and that Government, to receive into its 
service as many troops frona ^Missouri as may volunteer to serve for twelve months. 

Second. The troops thus volunteering wilT l)e enlisted as State troops, and remain 
under the immediate command of Major-General Trice. 

Third. They will be organized in conformity to the laws of Congress and the regu- 
lations for the Confederate Army, as follows: 

Organization of companies. 
Of infantry — 

Each company will consist of— ''">' r^^^ '"""|'^- 

One captain ^^"^0 

One first lieutenant ^0 

Two second lieutenants 80 

One first sergeant 20 

Four sergeants ^ / 

Four corporals ' '^ 

Two musicians ^'^ 

Sixty-four privates (at least) H 

S. Doc. 412 19 



290 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

Of cavalrv— Pay per month. 

( )ne c-aptain $140 

( )ne first lit'uteiiant 90 

Two second lieutt-nants 80 

One first sergeant 20 

Four serjieants 17 

Four corporals 13 

Two musicians 13 

( )ne blacksmith 13 

( )ne farrier 13 

Sixty privates (at least) 12 

Of artillery- 
One cajjtain 140 

Two first lieutenants 100 

One second lieutenant 90 

One first sergeant 20 

Four sergeants 17 

Four corporals 13 

Two nnisicians 13 

Two artificers 17 

Seventy privates (at least ) 12 

Organization of regiments. 

Of infantry — 

One c6l( )nel $195 

One lieutenant-colonel 170 

One major 150 

One adjutant (lieutenant of the line) |10 extra. 

One assistant quartermaster ( captain ) 140 

One assistant commissary ( captain ) 140 

One surgeon 162 

One assistant surgeon 110 

One sergeant-major 21 

One quartermaster-sergeant 21 

Of cavalry — 

One colonel 210 

One lieutenant-colonel 185 

One major 162 

One adjutant $10 additional. 

One assistant quartermaster ( captain ) 1 40 

One assistant connnissary (captain) 140 

< )ne surgeon 162 

One assistant surgeon 110 

One sergeant-major 21 

One quartermaster-sergeant 21 

Fourth. Election and appoint nuid of officers. — Company oflicers: Fiach company 
elects its captain and lieutenants. The captain of each company selects the ser- 
geants, coi'porals, musicians, and artificers from his company, and they receive their 
warrants from the colonel upon his approval of the apjiointments. 

Regimental officers: The conunissioned officers of each regiment elect the colonel, 
lieutenant-colonel, and majoi-. 

The colonel appoints the adjutant from the lieutenants of the regiment, and the 
sergeant-major and (luartermaster-sergeant from the enlisted men. 

The President will, ujjou the ('olonel's recommendation, appoint, whenever their 
services are recjuired, an assistant (lUivrtermaster and assistant commissary, a surgeon 
and assistant surgeon, for each regiment. 

Fifth. Whenever a sufficient number of trooi)s shall have been thus enlisted, 
organized, armed, and equipjied, the muster rolls will be sent to the Secretary of War, 
and the troops will thereby 1h' transferred to the Confederate Army. The President 
will inimt>diately commission the olHcers and provide for and jwy the troojis. The 
President will at the same time organize the troops thus transferred into Ijrigades 
and divisions, over which he will appoint brigadier-generals and a major-general 
from Missouri. 

Sixth. The term of service will begin from the day of the organization of the 
company ami will end twelve months after that date. 



fr 



VOLUNTEERS. 291 

Seventh. The officers will be (■oniinis.^iuiied in the Confederate Army, and their 
•commissions will be dated upon tlie day of their transfer to that service.* 

Eighth. Pan, etc: Until the troops shall have Ix'cn tran.<ifcrred to the Confederate 
^States they will be i)aid by the State, the Confederate States jruaranteeintr, however, 
that tiiey will l)e i)aid. As .soon as the transfer shall have been made they will be 
])aid and suiii)lie<l by the Confederate States. The troops in the Confederate service 
are paid at the end of every second month. 

The delivery of the muster roll.s by the State to the Secretary of War completes 
the transfer. 

The State will pay a bounty of $39 to every noncommissioned officer and private 
who will reenlist in this service. 

Ninth. Each enlisted man will receive one ration a day and an allowance of $25 
every six months for clothing. 

Each man will l>e allowed ten cents a ndle for his traveling expenses from the place 
■of his enrollment to the rendezvous, and also from the place of his discharge to the 
place where he .was enrolled. 

Tenth. The cavalry must furnish their own horses and keep them serviceable or 
they will be compelled to serve on foot. The nonconnnissioned officers and pri- 
vates will, however, be allowed forty cents a day for the use of their horses, to be 
■computed from the day of their enrollment to the day of their discharge, and also 
for every twenty miles of travel between the place of their discharge to the place of 
their enrollment. Horses are to be valued when Ijrought into the service, and if 
killed in action will be paid for at such valuation. They will not be paid for in any 
■other event. 

Eleventh. All arms will be paid for at a fair valuation, but will not be taken from 
the owner so long as he remains in the service. The commander of the company 
will, however, l)e responsible for their safe keeping. 

Twelfth. The Confederate States government will not accept any cavalry for twelve 
months unless already fully armed and equipped, and as the State can not arm and 
equip more than one regiment, only one will be enlisted. 

Thirteenth. The artillery will be organized as light batteries and not as regiments. 

Fourteenth. The Confederate States (iovernment will accept and fully arm and 
■equip as many troops as may volunteer for the war, either as cavalry, artillery, or 
infantry. 

By order of Maj. Gen. Sterling Price: 

He.nkv Little, 
Colonel and Amstant Adjutant- General, Mmoari State Guard. 

On the day following the publication of this circular. General Price 
i.s.sued a proclamation, quoted in the la.st precedino- chapter, calling 
for 50,000 men, but it is probable that the object of that call was to 
secure men for the Missouri State (xuard. 

On the 9th of December, ISOI, Col. Henry Little was assigned by 
General Price to the command of the new volunteer corps. He was 
■directed to select a suitable encampment and proceed with the work of 
■organization. Following is a copy of General Price's order: 

. Oener.xl Orders, \ Headquarters Missocri State Guard, 

No. 119. j Cam]) on Sac River, Deremher 9, 1861. 

I. In accordance with General Orders, No. 109, Col. Henry Little, INIissouri Stiite 
•Guard and Confederate States Army, is hereby assigned to the command of the new 
volunteer corps. Colonel Little will select a suitable encampment and proceed to 
•organize the volunteers as prescribed in said order. All companies, squads, and indi- 
viduals will report to him without delay. To all squads who have entered this vol- 
unteer corps the commander of the division to which they belonged will cause to be 
delivered a pro rata proportion of the camp and garrison equipage and transporta- 
tion. A whole company will bring with them the camp and garrison equi])age which 
they now have in possession. All such articles will be receipted for by the (piarter- 
master of the volunteer corps. This will also apply to arms, etjuipments, and 
ammunition, which will l)e receipteil for l)y the ordnance othcer of the volunteer 
corps. 

II. Capt. Wright C. Schaumburg is appointed adjutant and quartermaster and 

commissary of the corps. 

* * * •X- •* * * 

By order of Maj. Gen. S. Price: 

H. Little, Adjutant-General. 
[Ibid. p. 759.] 



292 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

No official copy of General Orders, No. 109, mentioned in the order 
just (juoted, has been found, but it is published in full by R. S. Bevier 
in his History of the First and Second ^Missouri Confederate Brio-ades 
(p. 74), from which it is here reproduced: 

Ctexeral Okders, ) Headquarters Missouri State Guard, 

No. 109. i Camp on Sac River, December 2, 1861. 

I. A separate encampment will be forthwith established for the troops voluntering 
to enter the Provisional Army of the Confederate States, upon the terms stated in the 
circular issued by Major-General Price on the 25th day of November last. 

II. All such volunteers will be admitted into the encampment either by companies, 
in squads, or individually. 

III. All individual volunteers and squads of less than twenty-five men will be 
organized into detachments for the purpose of transportation, suVjsistence, ilrill, and 
disci})line, and temporary officers will be appointed over them by_ Major-General 
Price. 

IV. Muster rolls will, however, be furnished to squads of ten men or more pro- 
posing to organize a company, and they may establish within the encampment a 
recruiting rendezvous for such company. 

V. Whenever twenty-five or more men may volunteer to form a company, or any 
squad referred to in the last section shall be augmented to twenty-five men, they may 
be temporarily organized into a separate detachment, under the command of an officer 
to be appointed by the major-general, and who shall hold his office until the detach- 
ment shall have recruited to the legal standard, when an election of company officers 
will be held and the company duly organized. 

YI. The major-general will appoint a competent officer with a sufficient staff to- 
command this volunteer corps. A regiment will be duly organized whenever a suffi- 
cient number of companies shall have been formed. 

VII. Companies may be organized without regard to the division of the State inta 
military districts, and the major-general will furnish discharges to any number of the 
State Guard who will enlist in the volunteer corps. 

VIII. Until the muster rolls shall have been transferred to the Confederate gov- 
ernment the major-general will grant a discharge to any volunteer who shall furnish 
a substitute who will serve twelve months from the date of his substitution. 

IX. The volunteeer corps will be armed, ecpiipped, tented, and clothed by the 
government, with as much uniformity as possible, out of the first supplies which 
shall be received. ' 

X. The regulations for the government of the Army of the Confederate States will 
be enforced in this corps. 

XI. Volunteers will report themselves to Col. Thomas L. Snead, so that they maj-- 
be duly sworn into the service. 

By order of Maj. Gen. S. Price: 

H. Little, Adjntant-Geueral. 

On the IHth of December Governor Jackson issued an address to the 
officers and soldiers of the Missouri State Guard and his fellow-citizens 
of the State, appealino- to them to enter the service of the Confederate 
States. 

Aj4ain it becomes necessary to refer to an unofficial publication, no 
copy of Governor Jackson's proclamation havino- been found among- 
the records preserved in the War Department. The proclamation, as 
published in Moore's Rebellion Record (Vol, III, Docs., p. 471), reads 
as follows: 

Officers and Soldiers of the Missouri State Gaard, and Fellow-citizens: 

In the montli of June last, after having exhausted every honorable means of avert- 
ing the calannties of civil war, I called upon the State for 50,000 volunteers to drive 
the ruthless bands of hired invaders from our soil. Before making that call, I had 
asked that you might have the privilege of determining at the polls in a peat-eable 
manner your future jjolitical relations with tlie United States, determined on my 
part to abide that decision whatever it miglit be. That privilege — a right which 
l)elongs to every freeman — was denied you. Our enemies chose to submit your 
rights to the arbitrament of the sword, and we accept the issue so boastingly ten- 
dered us. 



VOLUNTEERS. 293 

There was no alteruativ^e left. We had either to draw the sword and defend our 
rights or, hke slaves, submit to the worst despotism on earth. Between these I 
could not and did not hesitate. I chose the former, and hence, from that time to 
the present, grim-visaged war has stalked through our State from the Nishnabotna 
to the St. Francois; from the Des Moines to the Neosha, and in his trail have fol- 
lowed charred walls, blood-stained fields, and desolate homes. 

When the circumstances by which we were surrounded are considered, it must be 
acknowledged that the State responded nobly to my call; and to you who left all the 
comforts of home and for six long months have been enduring all the hardships and 
sufferings of a soldier's life, too much praise and credit can not be given. Patiently 
have you borne the burning rays of the summer's sun, the beating storm, tjhilling 
blasts, and sickening hunger pains; and nobly have you stood upon the battlefield 
amid showering balls, bursting bombs, and charging horse. Yea, more than this, 
you have dared the burning fever, the feeble pulse, and risked the solitary grave 
with all of a patriot's faith and hope. 

These things have you done, my brave soldiers, but our work is not complete yet, 
for war, with its horrors and train of suffering, still hovers over our beloved State. 
We are fighting for liberty, equality, and independence, and can never leave the field 
while the foot of an enemy shall be left to pollute our soil. P^verything on earth 
that renders life valuable and dear to freemen is at stake, and none but the basest 
slave and craven coward can yield in such a contest. Not so with the enemy. We 
seek not his subjugation, his country, or his home. He can quit the field, retire to 
his home, and thereby give peace and happiness to a bleeding and suffering country. 
He can by these means at once close the unrelenting crusade which he is now wag- 
ing against us. 

Our enemies in the State, though impudently and arrogantly asserting that a 
majority of the people are on their side, have by their own conduct given most indu- 
bitable evidence that all their clainis are false, or that they themselves are too cow- 
ardly to fight their own battles. 

Are there any so blind among them as not to see that the predominant feeling in 
the State is with the South? Do they not knovv that an overwhelming majority of 
the people will never submit to the rule of an abolition despotism? Are they not 
aware that the usurpations of their defunct convention are almost universally con- 
demned by the people? If all these things are not well known to them, why did 
the convention, at its recent sitting, rescind their ordinance of a former session, sub- 
mitting their high-handed usurpations to a vote of the people for ratification? They 
knovv, and everybody knows, that the people would have put their seal of condem- 
nation, in thunder tones, upon all their unholy deeds, had the opportunity been 
afforded them. 

Why, if they have the majority, did they import regiment after regiment, brigade 
after brigade, general after general, from the ranks of Lincoln's hired hordes in the 
North to fight their battles in Missouri? Our friends from the South were never 
invited into Missouri until the Lincoln Government had quartered their Hessian 
troops all over the State. These troops thus quartered in our midst have been met 
upon every field, with few exceptions, by Missouri's sons alone, and with almost 
unvaried success. Now, when we have the assistance of the rich and powerful 
Southern Confederacy, with all her vast resources, and her gallant sons to stand by 
our sides, what must be the result? If any among us have hitherto entertained the 
idea that Missouri can be conquered, let them at once and forever banish the delu- 
sion from their minds. 

By your own strong arms and willing hearts, and dauntless courage, you have 
passed successfully through the darkest hour and greatest peril which can possibly 
attend the unholy crusade now being waged against you. Our enemies must have 
l)een l^rought to know that a bloody revenge must and will follow a co/jtinuance of 
our persecution. It can not be sui)po.sed that a large majority of our people are to 
be driven from their homes and firesides, and forced to surrender up the graves of 
their fathers and their children to Northern invaders. This can never be done as 
long a^ a man can be found or an arm shall be left to strike a blow. Overwhelming 
numbers may sometimes force us to retreat; circumstances may occasionally cause 
lis to fall back; but, as certain as God reigns in Heaven, we will return again and 
again, until the last man shall have perished, or we shall have reclaimed our homes. 

I have said, and now rejieat it, that our enemies can at any moment leave the field 
in safety and retire to their homes, whereas we can never lay down our arms with- 
out dishonor while an enemy shall jmllute our soil with his unhallowed tread. Honor 
and patriotism alike forliid it. The memories of the past and the hoi)es of the future 
equally forbid it. The question ff>r Missouri to determine is now resolved into this 
single proi^osition: Shall she be the empire State of the glorious Southern Confed- 



294 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

eracy, the bright 8tar and peer of Virginia, in the f^outhern constellation, or shall 
she ignoniiniously submit to the abolition yoke of Northern fanaticism — conciuered, 
humbled, and disgraced — forced to remain under a government made tyrannical by 
fanaticism, disgraced by its rulers, and contemptible in the eyes of the world? 

But it is useless now to argue the interest or policy of the State; our enemies have 
chosen to sul)mit them l)oth to the arbitrament of the s\voi-d, and by the sword thej' 
must be settled. There is no reason why we should shrink from the contest. The 
Missouri State Guard, almost single-handed, have fought the armies of all the West- 
ern States for more than six months with unparalleled success. Their victories at 
Cole Camp, at Carthage, at Oak Hills, Fort Scott, Lexington, Fredericktown, and 
BehiKyit can not fail to inspire the country with renewed zeal, energy, and courage. 
These noble and heroic deeds have passed into history, and will form the brightest 
page of the crisis through which our country is passing. 

My brave soldiers, now in the field, the six months for which you were called is- 
now expiring, and many may desire to return to their liomes. It is natural yovi 
should desire to do so; but let me beg you not now to turn back from the work you have 
so nobly begun; do not now fail when the eyes of the whole country are upon you; 
do not lose your glorious reputation for want of a little more patience; do not let the 
princely heritage of Missouri be lost to you and j-our children, when a few more 
weeks or days of perseverance may win it for you. Let me, therefore, entreat you 
to embrace the opportunity which is now offered you to volunteer in the service of 
that great young government, the Southern Confederacy— one of the brilliant stars 
of which is our own loved Missouri — and fight under that bright flag which has yet 
known no defeat. 

That the bond of union between Missouri and her Southern sisters may be more 
perfect, and that encouragement be given our men, and that system and unity of 
purpose exist which insures success, it has been determined that the present mem- 
bers of the Missf)uri State Guard shall have the liberty to reorganize under the laws 
of the Southern Confederacy — that our Southern brothers may have the privilege of 
supplying our wants and paying our troops while we fight our battles, which are also 
theirs. Do not let the frosts of winter deter you from end)racing the opportunitj'. 
Do not fail to remember those patriotic sires who wintered at Valley Forge — let their 
bright example encourage you; the cause is the same — 'tis liberty and equality for 
which we fight. You have no homes to which you can safely go; the Hessian and 
the Jayhawker go wherever the army is not, and you will but put on the shackles of 
serfdom whenever you lay down your arms, even though it be but temporarily. 1 
know your patriotism — you have proved it. I know your bravery — the world has 
seen it. I know your endurance — the cheerfulness with which you have borne your 
hardships has demonstrated it. Then I pray you maintain your reputation but a 
little while longer and Missouri will be regenerated and redeemed. 

To my fellow-citizens who have not yet joined the army, I have now a word to 
say. Can you longer delay? Can there he yet one lingering ray of hope in your 
hearts that the oiicf glorious Union can ever be reconstructed or reunited? Can you 
expect to remain as quiet spectators, tilling your fields and attending to your private 
speculations, while 50,000 of your brave brothers are on the "warpath?" Do 
you not know that absence from the field but j^rolongs the war, and that you are 
at all times liable to depredations from either party? Come out, then, like men. 
Remember that "he who is not for us is against us!" You know as well as I that 
the people of Missouri are Southern jteople — that their sympathies, their hopes, and 
their interests are with the South. Then, I call u})()n you in the name of our noble 
State, now struggling for independence, to come out and help your brothers who are 
in the field. You can not ask or expect them to do all the fighting, to endure all the 
liardships, and divide with you their glory and successes. You should not expect 
to enjoy the reward unless you participate in their struggles for victory and inde- 
pendence. 

C. F. J.\CKSON. 

New M.\drid, Mo., December IS, 1861. 

The call for the onli.stmont of ^lissouri vohinteiM-s for the Confeder- 
ate service was not enthusiastically received, and did not meet with the 
prompt response which po.ssibly it might have received at an earlier 
date. Citizens, as well as members of the Missouri State Guard, were 
reluctant to enter the service of the Confederate States, their disinclina- 
tion to enlist in that service being largely due to the delay of the 
President in the appointment of Cxeneral Price as a major-general in 
the Confederate Army, and the distrust of the Confederate authorities 



VOLUNTEERS. 295 

engendered by their failure to cooperate to the extent expected in the 
attempts of the Missouri troops to free the State from the presence of 
the Federal forces. Some of the correspondence on this subject is 
here reproduced. 

On the 3d of December, 1861, President Davis wrote Hon. W. P. 
Harris, a Delegate to the Provisional Congress from the State of Mis- 
issippi: 

Richmond, Va., December 3, 1S61. 
Hon. W. P. Harris, 

Confederate States Congress. 
My Dear Sir: Language was said by Talleyrand to be useful for the concealment 
of one's thoughts; but in our day it fails to communioate any thought. If it had 
been otherwise, the complaint in relation to (Jeneral Price of which you speak could 
not have been made. Tlie commissioners of Missouri were informed that when that 
State offered troops they would be organized according to our military laws 
and generals would be appointed for brigades and divisions. Until then I have no 
power to appoint generals for those troops. The same statement, substantially, w^as 
made to the members of Congress from Missouri who called on me yesterday. They 
were also informed that, from conversation with informed persons and from corre- 
spondence now on file in the War Department, I was convinced that it was needful 
to the public interest that a general should be sent to the Arkansas and Missouri 
division who had not been connected with any of the troops on that line of opera- 
tions; and to the statement that the Missouri troops would not fully enlist under 
anyone except General Price, I asked if they required their general to be put in 
command of the troops of Arkansas, of Texas, and of other Southern States. To 
bring these different forces into harmonious cooperation is a necessity. 1 have 
sought to effect it by selecting General Heth to connnand them in com])ination. If 
it is designed, by calling Heth a West Point cadet, merely to object to his education 
in the science of war, it may pass for what it is worth; but if it be intended to assert 
that he is without experience, his years of active and distinguished service on the 
frontier of ^Missouri and the territory west of it will, to those who examine before 
they censure, be a sutticient answer. The Federal forces are not hereafter, as here- 
tofore, to be commanded V)y pathfinders and holiday soldiers, but by men of mili- 
tary education and experience in war. The contest is therefore to be on a scale of 
very different proportions than that of the partisan warfare witnessed tluringthe past 
summer and fall. I have long since learned to bear hasty censure, in the hope that 
justice, if tardy, is sure, and in any event to find consolation in the assurance that 
all my ends have been my country's. 

" With high respect, ' Jefferson Davis. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. VIII, p. 70L] 

On the 13th of December, the Missouri delegation in the Confed- 
erate Congress addressed General Price as follows: 

Richmond, Va., December 13, 1S61. 
Gen. Sterlinci Price. 

Dear Sir: Events of so extraordinary a character have transpired and are daily 
transpiring in this city connected with the affairs of Missouri that we think it of the 
utmost importance to communicate them to you by special messenger. For this 
purpose we have induced the War Department to appoint Colonel Peebles, of Gen- 
eral Clark's division, to convey you these dispatches. Those of our delegation who 
first reached Memphis were met by the alarming rumor that the President enter- 
tained the idea of appointing some other person than yourself to the command of 
the Missouri army and district. The delegates then in Memphis immediately hur- 
ried on, and upon their first morning's presence in Richmond waited upon the 
President to press your claims to the position. We assured him such a step as rumor 
attributed to him would paralyze our State and expose the entire Mississippi Valley 
to the enemy. In strong but respectful terms we urged the services done l)y the Mis- 
souri army for the Confederacy and the utter ruin which would follow us in the future if 
some stranger to our troops and people should V)e placed in your stead. The Presi- 
dent was firm and even impatient in his opposition to our views. He declared that 
while you had done well and while he entertained the kindest feelings for you 
personally, he was determined to appoint no man as major-general to command that 
department who was a resident of Missouii, Arkansas, or Texas. He alluded to the 



296 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

difficulties l)et\veen yourself and MeCulloch, and jrave this as a reason why some 
one disconnected with those feuds should lie placeil over all the forces. We ask 
your especial attention to the opinion of the President, as we desire, in justice to 
yourself and our army, that you should know from whom it originated. The Presi- 
dent is further pleased to intimate that our (jfuerriila fighting in ^Missouri must now 
give place to a different mode, that of regular, systematized warfare. He uttered 
this in no offensive sense, l)ut evidently as a reason for the rule he has recently 
adopted in all cases of placing West Point graduates over the different divisions. 
The President further intimated that he had appointed Col. Henry Heth, ex-captain 
in the United States Army, as major-general of our district. Upon the next day 
Colonel Heth called upon us and stated that he had received the appointment and 
Avould start on the next Thursday for the command. We informed him frankly of 
our belief that the Missouri army would follow no one but yourself, and regretted 
the unfortunate position in which it placed our State. In the meantime assurances 
from every delegation on the floor of Congress were freely tendered us that no nomi- 
nation but that of yourself would be confirmed by Congress. The people and press 
also give unanimous expression to their indignation, and finally Colonel Heth, it is 
understood, requested the President to withdraw his name, or rather not to send it 
in to our body for their consideration. 

General Clark and Colonel Cooke had in the meantime arrived, and l)oth waited 
upon the President. They found him very much in the same mood as we have 
described before, but disposed to await further time and developments. It is under- 
stood now that General McCulloch will reach here this evening, and we fear for no 
purpose friendly to yourself. Of one thing, however, sir, you may rest assured — Con- 
gress will confirm no one but yourself. Daily and hourly assurances are given us 
that we will be supported in our course, and we are unanimous in pressing your name 
to the last extremity. It becomes our duty now, sir, to mention a matter of the most 
delicate nature in regard to the origin of this whole difficulty. It was understood at 
the time of our secession, by the legislature and the whole army, that you would 
receive this appointment. Governor Jackson, however, has pursued a course calcu- 
lated to create doubt in the mind of the President, whether we really wished it or 
not. We are not at liberty to give the full information in our possession, l)ut the 
time will speedily arrive at which the matter can and shall be fully ventilated. We 
wish to create no difficult)' between yourself and the Executive, especially at a crisis 
like the present, but we deem it proper that you should be apprised of the fact that 
not to any want of exertion upon our part, but to another quarter, is the service of 
]\Iissouri indebted for the difficulty now existing. The appointment of Colonel Heth 
had been agreed upon l)efore our arrival, and nothing but our prompt exertion would 
have even delayed the full consummation of the design. As it is, we are sanguine of 
l)eing able to effect our object yet, notwithstanding the ol)stacles in the way. The 
President, at any rate, has stoi)ped in his headlong career and begins to hear the puVj- 
lic voice. We have introduced a bill giving us the credit of the Confederate States 
to the amount of $1,000,000 to j^ay our army for past services before our admission, 
and believe we can secure its passage; also an amendment to the sequestration act 
protecting our people against the confiscations of the Gamble government in ^Missouri 
and to secure us against the payment of taxes to both governments. It is with the 
highest gratification we are able to state that our reception here l)y the Congress and 
people has been of the kindest nature, and permit us to say further that your name 
and praise are identical with that of Missouri in the gallant struggle through which 
she is ]>assing. We inclose instructions from the Secretary of War in regard to the 
organization of our forces as Confederate troops, and would suggest that the transfer 
be made as soon as ]K)ssible, and we would further suggest that you disjtatch to us 
immediately a courit-r with any suggestions in relation to the service you may think 
proj)er, and any intelligence of interest to the public. We will, as soon as jKJSsible, 
establish a line of c(Mn-iers to your headquarters by an act of Congress. 
Very respectfully, 

John B. Clakk. 

C. W. P.i:iJ>. 

Thomas A. Harris. 

Thos. W. Fkee.max. 

AV.M. M. Cooke. 

G. (i. Vest. 

.\. H. CONKOW. 

[11)1.1., Scries I, Vol. id 11, j.. Tiil.] 

Tlio ci-iticism of (rovci-nor .Ijicksoii in tlic letter last quoted was 
d<)iil)tIoss duo to certain expressions in a letter addressed l)v him to 



\ 



VOLCXTEERS. 297 

the President. November 5. 1861. transmitting the acts of the general 
assembly of the State preparatory' to organic union with the Con- 
federate State>. In that letter Governor Jaekson said, referring to 
the expected union: 

As soon as this may ]>e done I desire that the Mi-^souri forc-es shiall >>e reorganized 
at the earHest practicable moment under the Confederate < jovemment and a general 
appointed at once to command all the forces that may be ordered to Missouri. Who 
the man shall be L« of no consequence to me. I have full confidence in your goo^i 
judgment, and doubt not you will give as the l>est man you can. General Brs^g 
would Vje very- acceptable, but we will all be .satlsfie^l with anyone you may select. 

You know better than I that an army to be successful can have but one head, and 
that should be a good one. It may possibly be known to you that heretofore there 
has not lyeen that degree of harmony and concert of action l>etween Generals Price 
and McCulloch that should exist l>etween officers lalxjring in a common cause. 
While this has been the c-a.se hitherto to some extent, I am rejoice^! now to be aljle 
to say that a restoration of the most amic-able relations has been effected and that 
they and their annies are now coof>erating together in the most harmonious manner. 

[Ibid., p. 7-5.5.] 

On December 20. ISGl. the President wrcjte to General Price, express- 
ing his regard for the welfare of Missouri and his desire for a tender 
of troops from that State, to V)e organized into brigades and divisions 
under the laws of the Confederate States. Following is a copv of his 
letter: 

Richmond, Va., December 20, 1861. 
Gen. Stehlisg Price, 

ComrrMnding MU^juri Forces. 

My Dear General: I have received, with much pleasure, your letter of the 10th 
ultimo, with the inclosed corresfx>ndenc-e. It was not nee<le<l to make me appreciate 
the difficulties and embarra-ssments under which you have labore<l nor the sacrifices 
and devotion di.splaye<I in the ctau-se of Missouri and the .South. For all this you have 
not only my thanks and those of the good pe^jple of your own State, but also those 
of the whole .South. We here have not forgotten you; but, on the contrary, have 
been most anxious to give to MLssouri all the aid in our power, and have I>een hope- 
fully looking for the tender of troofjs from Missouri and Arkansas, to be organized 
into brigade?- and divisions uixier the laws of the Ojnfe<^lerate States. We have at 
present no troopw- to give you exc-ept those under General McCulloch, and you are 
aware of their condition. 

I was sorry to learn from Colonel Cooke that the tenn of service of your forces is 
for .so short a period, and thaf the term of enlistment of so many Is about to expire. 
You know the disadvantage of short terms of service. Can you not organize a force 
for the war? So long 2£ it lasts the people of the country in which it Is carrie'l *>n 
must engage in it, and, until our indei>endence is recognizer! and peace restored, the 
onlv question should be, how can these ends be best promoted? 

**♦♦♦**♦ 

You may rest assured that the welfare of Missouri is ae dear to me as that of other 
States of the Confederacy, and that I will do all in my p^jwer to assl-t her in her 
struggle to maintain the common cause and to vindicate her free^lom and s^jvereignty. 

Accept my most friendly remembrance and a-suranf^-r of my V^est wishes for your 
soccess and happiness. 

Very resx>ectfully and truly, yours, Jeffeeson Davis. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol.' VIII, p. 716.] 

On the following day the President addres^sed Governor Jackson, 
urging the tender of troops to the Confederate (iovernment. in order 
that they might be duly organized and general officers appointed. He 
.said: 

Richmond. Va., Decemlter 21, 1861. 
His Excellency the Governor of Mis**oiri. 

Mr Dear Sir: We are anxioas that the tr^xtps of Missouri should 1* tendered to 
the Confederate Government, in order that they may be organized into brigades and 
divisions and general officers appointed for them, or if preferable to them, received 



298 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

as indej)endent companies or battalion;^, for such further organization as the interest 
of the service and the character of the troops may indicate. By this it is thought 
that their ethciency will be increased, and that they will be relieved from the 
anomalous position they now occupy as militia of the Confederate States without 
being a part of their organized army. 

This arrangement seems very desirable to me, ])oth for the sake of the Missouri 
troops and the advancement of our cause, and I hope it will meet with your concur- 
rence. 

Very respectfully and truly, yours, Jefferson Davis. 

[Ibid., p. 717.] 

To this letter Governor Jafk.^^on replied, December 30, 1861, as 
follows: 

New Orle.\ns, Deeemher 30, 1861. 
His Excellency the President of the Confederate States. 

Sir: Your letter of the 21st instant, forwarded by Colonel (laines, has been 
received. With respect to the matter of transferring the Missouri troops to the Con- 
federate Government, I have to say that tlie measure has not only my concurrence 
but my hearty approval. 

The moment I received intelligence that Missouri had been admitted a member of 
the Confederacy I wrote to General Price, urging him to have the transfer made at 
the earliest moment and to get the troops ^\for the ?«n-" if possible. What success 
has attended the general's efforts I have no means of knowing, not having heard 
from him since. 

Surrounded, however, as he is with embarrassments of the greatest magnitude, his 
men ])orne down by all the hardships and privations of a summer's campaign, dis- 
couraged and disheartene<l as they must feel from having been al)andoned by every 
Confederate soldier from the other States, and being left alone to face a foe of more 
than five times their strength, poorly clad, and suffering for the want of a proper 
supply of provisions, I can scarcely expect the most favoral)le results. For more 
than six month the Missouri army, almost single-handed, have successfully held in 
check the Lincoln forces in our State. From time to time they have been promised 
assistance from the Confederate States, but it has not come — so far from it, indeed, 
what few Confederate troops were upon our border and within the State have been 
withdrawn from it, marched down to the Arkansas River, and put into winter 
cpiarters more than two months before winter had set in. Not the foot of a Southern 
soldier now treads the soil of Missouri, except the men under the command of Price 
and Thompson. 

General Price and his men being thus forsaken by those on whom they relied for 
aid, their State being left to the mercy of tlie thieving Jayhawker and murderous 
Hessian, their towns and their houses destroyed by tire, their property stolen, their 
country laid waste, and their wives and children dri\en from their homes to perish 
or to live as best they can, you may rely upon it, Mr. President, that men thus 
abandoned, however much they may love the gallant chief who has so nobly and 
successfully led them to victory upon every field, and however much they may be 
devoted to the cause for which they have so fearlessly and cheerfully fought, it can 
scarcely be expected they will enter the Confederate Army with that alacrity and 
promptness they would do un<ler more favorable auspices. 

Their confidence in the good faith of the Confederate Government has to some 
extent been shaken in not having received the support of the Confederate troops 
stationed upon their border during the summer. They have not been able to see 
why the troops under (ieneral McCulloch did notcooperate with them in their march 
to Lexington, and in the reduction of that place. 

They l)elieve that with the aid of the Confederate forces then in the State we could 
have held that j)lace, and by so doing could have doubled the strength of our army. 
Deprived of that support, the army was forced by the overwhelming numbers of the 
enemy to fall back upon our southern border. 

After the evacuation ^A SiiHuglield by the Federal forces General Price again 
determined to march toward Lexington and try once more to strengthen his army 
with new recruits and turn over to the Confederate Government his entire force, Init 
in this effort, as in the former, he was unsupported by tlie Confederate troops, and 
doctmed to the alternative of going alone. 

What success has attended him I am unal)le to say. With all my confidence in 
his energy, skill, and courage, I, can not but feel the most anxious solicitude for the 
safety of himself and men, knowing as I do the difliculties and perils by which he is 
surrounded. 



VOLUNTEERS. 299 

It gives me no pleasure to recite these recurrences, and I pray you not to under- 
stand me as doing so in any si)irit of complaint against the good faith of the Con- 
federate Government toward Missouri. 

An imperative sense of duty to my State, to (xeneral Price, and the l)rave men 
who have so faithfully served their country under him, recjuire, in my judgment, 
that you should know all the facts in the case, and I ask that you will give them the 
consideration due them. 

That General Price will exert himself to the utmost in raising men for the Con- 
federate service I have no shadow of douV)t; but if his efforts shall not be crowned 
with that success we have so earnestly hoped for, it is due to him and to the country 
that the reasons should lie known. 

Without intending to have been importunate I have felt it my duty to urge again 
and again, as you are aware, the appointment of General Price to the chief command 
of the Western Department. I think him the man for the place. Those who have 
served under him and who know him best, as well as the whole country, believe 
him to be the man. 

If it could l)e announced in his camp to-day that he is to command, there would 
be one universal shout of joy, and such an impetus would be given to the work of 
recruiting as nothing else can imjiart to it. 

If I did not feel so deeply impressed with the importance of an early, if not imme- 
diate, appointment for the Western Department, I should not press the matter 
further upon your consideration. ^luch, very much, in my judgment, depends upon 
early action. I hope you have already been clothed with power to make the appoint- 
ment. If you have not. Congress surely will not delay in ci inferring it when interests 
so vital to the .safety of the country are at stake. 

I have the honor to be, etc., C. F. Jackson. 

[Ibid., p. 724.] 

On the same date Governor Jackson wrote to General Price: 

New Orleans, December 30, 1861. 
Major-General Price: 

My Dear General: The bearer of this letter will hand you several dispatches from 
Richmond, which will acquaint you with what is going on there. 

I have read the letter which the President has addressed to you. I send you the 
one he addressed to me, and likewise a copy of my answer to him. I think the 
time has come when we should speak out in plain terms. I have endeavored to call 
the attention of Mr. Davis to the true condition of things in Missouri, and have urged 
the necessity of prompt action in the premises. Whether we shall succeed in getting 
it I am unable to .say. Why it is that he can not give you the appointment at once 
I am utterly at a loss to determine. He certainly had it in contemplation to appoint 
Colonel Heth to the chief command, or Mr. Hmiter's dispatch tfi me was sent with- 
out authority, and this Mr. Hunter certainly would not do. If, then, the President 
had the power to appoint Colonel Heth, I can not see why he has not the authority 
to appoint you. I am free to acknowledge there is a mystery about this whole affair 
which I do not comprehend. 

I hope all is right, and, indeed, I have the strongest faith that you will yet receive 
the appointment. I know how easy it is for the acts and intentions of public men to 
be misunderstood, and how common it is for ill-disposed persons to cry a man down 
without any just cause, and therefore I will not censure the President until I know 
he has wronged us. 

******* 

Faithfully, your friend, 

C. F. Jackson. 

[Ibid., p. 725.] 

On the 8th of January, 18*)2, the President replied to Governor 
Jackson's letter of December 30, 1861, as follows: 

Richmond, Va., Januarys, 1862. 
Governor C. F. Jackson. 

Sir: Your letter of the 30th ultimo, sent me through the Hon. Jno. B. Clark, 
together with one addressed to himself, has been this day received. Viewed as a 
reply to mine of the 21st, it is most extraordinary that you should recite the suffer- 
ings and ask me to appoint a commander of the militia over which you have control, 
and concerning the transfer of whom I had written to you, pointing out the necessity 
for their tender to the Confederate Government in order that they might be put on 



300 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

the footinj"; of other voluiiteertj in the Confederate service, that brigades and divisions 
might be organized, and commanding generals be appointed for them. Yon seem 
only to remember wliat others have not done, else in enumerating the privations of 
your own militia, not mustered into the Confederate service, you would have men- 
tioned the relief afforded to them by the agent of the Confederate Government, sent 
by me with money to cover more than the objects you and General Atchison origi- 
nally specified. 

You speak of delaj' and neglect of Missouri by the authorities at Richmond. In 
■what our delay consists and wherein our neglect has been manifested you do not 
state, but it would seem to have been in not appointing a general before we had 
troops for him, or in not appointing him to command your militia, and in not having 
an organized army in your State when you have not furnished to me a regiment; and 
now when we want muster rolls, to send me only your reasons why the Missouri 
volunteers may not be willing to enter the service of the Confederate States and con- 
tribute to make up the army which is needed to defend Missouri. 

Though your letter was written at New Orleans, as you do not say how long you 
will remain there I send this to Memphis under the expectation that you will return 
to that place or to Missouri, and take the Occasion to renew my request for the tender 
of any armed troops which you may be able to offer to the Confederate States for 
the common defense or for the local defense of Missouri. 

Very respectfully, yours, etc., Jefferson Davis. 

[Ibid., p. 733.1 

On the same date the President also wrote to Hon. John B. Clark: 

Richmond, Va., January S, 1862. 
Hon. John B. Clark, Richmond, Va. 

Sir: I have read the two letters from Governor Jackson sent by you this day. The 
governor speaks of delay by the authorities at Richmond and neglect of the interests 
of Missouri, and expresses the hope that he has said enough to be well understood 
by me. When I remember that he writes in reply to my call upon him to hasten 
the tender of Missouri troops, so that they should be put upon the footing of those 
of other States, and with a knowledge that as militia of the State I had no power to 
organize or appoint a commander for them, and that it was his duty to attend to their 
wants, but that I had sent an agent for the Confederate Government as far as prac- 
ticable to furnish the necessarv supplies to the militia of Missouri actually in serv- 
ice, I can only say I hope he is not understood by me. It is but a short time since, 
in a conversation of ours, I freely explained to you the case so far as I am connected 
with it, and there is nothing for me to add to what you then seemed to consider 
conclusive. 

Very respectfully, yours, etc., Jefferson Davis. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. LIII, p. 767.] 

On the 1st of January, 1862, Brig. Gen. M. Jeff. Thompson, of the 
Missouri State Guard, addressed a letter to General Price in which he 
said, relative to the discouragements met with in the enlistment of 
troops for the Confederate service: 

New Madrid, Mo., January 1, 1862. 
Maj. Gen. Sterlinc; Price, 

Missouri Slate (ruard, in Camp. 
Dear Genei^al: The instructions from your headcpiarters and your circular were 
received, and I have endeavored as far as possible to comply with your orders. I 
have, however, l)een very much discouraged by the action of my command and, from 
newspaper rumors, I am fearful you have suffered in the same way. I endeavored 
to get all to disband and reorganize on the same day, each company of men selecting 
at once their new oflicers, and without any cessation to go on with our good work, 
but I could not get a corporal's guard to agree to reenlist without first returning 
home, or taking the Christmas holi<lays, or some other excuse, and I had to adopt a 
plan to suit the condition of things; it was to march each regiment to the nearest 
safe point to the majority of theii' homes, and, setting different days for them to dis- 
band, to endeavor to incUice them to reenlist. Of those disl)anded at this place but 
few have volunteered up to this time. The Stoildard County regiment disliands this 
day at Camp Blanton, in Stoddard County. Tli(> Dunklin County regiment disbands 
on tlie 4tli at Clarkton, and the Ixipley County regiment disl>ands on the Sth at Pit- 
man's Ferry. IIow many of these will volunteer it is inipossil)le to tell, but I am 
sure I will have but a skeleton force until Februarv or March. The men are all 



VOLUNTEERS. 301 

sounder than the officers, and if I could but stop their croaking all would Ije well. 
I do not censure all, for many of them are ]>atriotic gentlemen, who are willing to 
serve anywhere or work in any kind of harness, but many also who can not Vje 
reelected, from incomptency or other causes, for the purpose of covering their own 
defeat hunt a thousand excuses, and delay others who would innnediately join. 

I am now without an army, Imt still have hope, and if left single-handed and alone, 
I will keep the enemy in my neighborhood uneasy and on guard. 

******* 

Yours, most respectfully, M. Jeff. Thomi'sox, 

Brigadier- General, Commimdinq. 
[Ibid., Series I, Vol. VIII, p. 727.] 

On the 16th of January General Thompson wrote to General Polk, 
the Confederate commander at Columbus, Ky. : 

New Madrid, Mo., January 16, 1862. 
Maj. Gen. Leoniuas Polk, 

Confederate States Army, Columbus, Ky. 
Dear General: * * * Great inducements are being offered to my men to return 
to their homes and violent threats against those who do not. We are laboring under 
great difficulties, but I am not discouraged, although opposed by many circumstances 
which others must assist me to remove. 

As soon as Governor Jackson reaches this point I hope he will counteract the oppo- 
sition to the Confederate service which seems to prevail among the people. 

******* 

Yours, most respectfully, M. Jeff. Thompson, 

Brigadier- General, Missouri State Guard. 
[Ibid., p. 735.] 

On the 9th of Januarj^ 1862, an act was passed by the Confederate 
Congress, which became a law without the President's signature, in 
which the President was authorized to appoint a major-general and 
such brigadier-generals as he might think proper to command the 
troops then and thereafter to be raised for the Provisional (Confeder- 
ate) Arm}' in the State of IVIissouri, such officers to receive pay from 
the dates of their respective appointments and to be allowed the usual 
staff officers suitable to their rank. This act reads as follows: 

AN ACT to provide for raising and organizing, in the State of Missouri, additional troops for the 
Provisional Army of the Confederate States. 

Tlie Congress of the Confederate States of America do enact. That the President be, and 
he is hereby, authorized to nominate and, by and with the advice and consent of Con- 
gress, to appoint and commission in the Provisional Army of the Confederate States, 
one major-general and such Ijrigadier-generals to the command of troops now and 
hereafter to be raised and organized for the Provisional Army in the State of ]Mis- 
souri as he may think proper. 

Sec. 2. All officers appointed under the provisions of this act shall be entitled to 
receive pay from the date of their respective appointments, and shall be allowed the 
usual staff appropriate to their rank, and shall be assigned to the duty of raising and 
organizing Confederate forces in said State, with the view of putting them and their 
respective commands in the field at the earliest practicable period. 

Sec. 3. This act to take effect from and after its passage. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. LI II, p. 773.] 

Before the foregoing enactment became a law a bill somewhat 
similar in its provisions was passed, in which the President was author- 
ized to appoint, not onl}- general and stall officers, ]>ut such field and 
company' officers as might be required "" to facilitate and expedite the 
raising and organization of troops in the State of Missouri," with rank 
and pay from the dates of their respective appointments, but without 
the condition prescribed in the act quoted above that they were to 



302 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

command Missouri troops. The bill as passed by Congress was in the 
following terms: 

AX ACT to v>rovi(le for misin!? and organizing, in the State of Missouri, additional forces for the 
Provisional Army of the Confederate States. 

Section 1. Tlw Congress of the Confederate Statei^ of America do enact, That in order 
to facilitate and expedite the raiding and orgjanization of troops in the State of 
Missouri the President he, and he is herehy, authorized to ap])oint, hy and with 
the advice and consent of Congress, such major and l)rigadier generals, field, staff, 
and company otlicers, as the interests of the cimnnon defense may require. 

Sec. 2. The otticers appointed under the provisions of this act shall be entitled to 
rank and receive pay fnjin the date of their respective appointments, and shall be 
assigned to the immediate duty of raising and organizing Confederate troops in the 
State of Missouri; and if sucli officers shall not, within a reasonable time, report their 
appropriate commands organized and ready for dut\% the President may, in his dis- 
cretion, vacate their commissions. 

Sec. 3. The otticers and men raised under the provisions of this act shall be subject 
to all the rules and regulations for the government of the Provisional Army of the 
Confederate States, in like manner as other troops of the Provisional Army. 

Alexander H. Stephens, 



I certify that this act passed the Congress. 
[Ibid.] 



President of the Congress, pro tempore. 
January 13, 1862. 

J. J. Hooper, Secretary. 



This bill was returned b}' the President without his approval, for 
reasons stated bj' him, as follows: 

Executive Office, January 32, 1862. 
To the Congress of the Confederate States: 

After mature deliberation I have not been able to ap{)rove the bill herewith 
returned, entitled "An act to provide for raising and organizing in the State of Mis- 
souri additional forces for the Provisional Army of the Confederate States." In a 
message just sul)mitted to the Congress in relation to certain forces to be raised in the 
State of Texas, I have stated the objections entertained to any legislative discrimina- 
tion for or against a particular State, thereby disturbing the harmony of the sys- 
tem adopted for the common defense. In a bill very recently passed by the Congress 
a new plan has been established for raising and organizing troops for the Confederate 
service. I5y the provisions of this last-mentioned law you have given me authority 
to raise and organize troops in all the States by granting commissions in advance of 
the actual enlistment of the troops to officers below the grade of general officers and 
above that of subalterns. To the officers thus commissioned you do not give anv 
pay or allowances until tiie actual organization of the companies, battalions, or regi- 
ments that the officers so commissioned were empowered to raise, and you do not 
allow j)ay, l)ut have even prohibited the allowance of subsistence or transportation 
to the men enrolled in order to enable them to reach the rendezvous of their com- 
panies. By the terms of the bill now returned an exception is made in favor of the 
State of Missouri alone. By the provisions of the bill it is contemplated that advance 
commissions shall l)e granted to officers of all grades from the highest general officer 
of the Provisional Army to the lowest subaltern of a company, and that the officers 
whether of the staff or the line thus appointed shall receive pay from tlie date of 
their respective aj^pointmeiits without any c(mdition rendering this ])ay dependent 
on their success in raising troops. Tlie general bill which has now become a law 
applicable to Missouri as to all the other States fixes a reasonal)U' term within which 
officers commissioned in advance nuist succeed in raising troops imder penalty of 
forfeiting their commissions. The present bill removes this ,«alutary restriction and 
vests in the Executive the dangerous power not only of appointing at his discretion 
an unlimited nund)er of military ollicers irrespective of any trooiis to l)ecommande<l 
by them, but allows him to retain the officers so appointed in the public service at 
Ihe public expense during the Executive pleasure. 

I am not able to perceive in the present condition of iniblic affairs in the State of 
Missouri the nticessity which would form the only jiossible excuse for a grant of such 
power to a constitutional Executive. I receive assurances from those whose sources 
of information are entirely reliable that the raising and organization of troops in 
Missouri for service in the ("onfederate Army are successfully ]irogressing, and that 
within a very few days the muster rolls will be received, thus i)lacing it in my power 



VOLUNTEERS. 803 

to organize the army in that State on precisely the ><ame footing as in all the others, 
and thus avoid any need for exceptional legislation. 

In addition to these objections founded on princi]>le there would be a practicable 
difficulty in the operation of the bill, which appears insurmountable. All the troops 
now in service in the State of Missouri are State trooj>s, commanded by State officers, 
which have never been tendered or received in the (Confederate service. In exercis- 
ing the power of appointment ])roposed to be vested in me by the bill the best hope 
for success in its purpose would be founded on selecting those officers who had dis- 
tinguished themselves in command and had become endeared to the troops. But 
this would be to deprive the State troops of their commanding officers during the 
whole period necessary for the enrollment and organization of the troops under Con- 
federate laws. Missouri would thus be left comparatively defenseless while the 
reorganization was progressing. Therefore, regarding this bill as impolitic and 
unnecessary, it is submitted for your reconsideration. 

Jefferson D.wis. 

[Ibid., p. 771.] 

It may here be stated that by an act approved February 17, 1862, 
the act "'pa.ssed January ninth, eighteen hundred and .sixty -two," 
quoted above, was repealed. (Official Records of the Union and Con- 
federate Armies, Series IV. Vol. I, p. 943.) 

Notwithstanding^ the obstacles in the way of recruitinu- for the Con- 
federate service. General Price was able to report on the 17th of 
January. 1802, that two regiments of infantry, one of cavalry, and 
two batteries of light artillery had V)een organized, and that several 
other regiments of infantry, a regiment of cavalry, and several com- 
panies of artilleiy were in a forward state of enlistment. Following 
is a copy of his report: 

He.\dquarters Missouri State Guard, 

Springfield, Jamiarij 17, 1862. 
Hon. J. P. Bex.iamix, 

Secretary/ of War, BicJunotxI, ]'a. » 

Sir: I have the honor to inform you that two regiments of infantry, Colonels Bur- 
bridge and Rives; one regiment of cavalry, Colonel Gates; two light batteries, one 
of six pieces. Captain Wade, the other of four pieces, Capt. S. Churchill Clark, have 
been organized here in conformity to the laws of the Confederate States for service 
in the Provisional Army. The muster rolls are being rapidly made out, and will be 
transmitted to you within five or six days. 

I have organized these regiments and batteries into a temporary l)rigade, under 
the command of Col. Henry Little, Confederate States Army. 

I hope that it will be the President's pleasure to accept the transfer of these 
troops without any unnecessary delay and as tendered of this date. The infantry 
regiments and the artillery companies are fully armed and equipjjed. The cavalry 
regiment is well armed and equipped, and will be completely armed and equipped 
by the State. 

1 have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

Sterling Price, 
Major- General, Commanding Misf^ouri State Guard. 

P. S. — Several other regiments of infantry, a regiment of cavalry (for the war), 
and several comi)anies of artillery are in a forward state of enlistment, and I expect 
to have the pleasure of transmitting to you the muster rolls of several additional 
brigades within a very few weeks. 

Yours, very respectfully, Steklinc; Price, 

Ma}or-General, Mi.^snnri State Guard. 
[Ibid., Series I, Vol. VIII, p. 7o().] 

On the 23d of January General Price promulgated a general order 
providing, among other things, for the distribution of the volunteer 
troops into brigades and battalions. This order reads as follows: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Missouri St.\te (juard. 

No. 26. / Sjiringfield, Mo., January 2S, 1S62. 

I. The volunteer force will be distributed mitil further orders into two brigades and 
an extra battalion. 



304 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

II. The following troops will constitute the First Brigade: 

1. The First Regiment Cavalry, Colonel (lates. 

2. The First Re>riinent Infantry, Colonel Ihirbridge. 

3. The Second Regiment Infantry, Colonel Rives. 

4. Captain Wade';^ battery. 

5. Captain Clark's battery. 

Col. Henry Little will a.«sume command of this brigade, and appoint, with the 
major-general' .« approval, a brigade staff, consisting of: 

1. An adjutant, with the rank of captain. 

2. An inspector, with the rank of captain. 

8. An ordnance othcer, with the rank of captain. 

4. A (jnartermaster, with the rank of major. 

5. A roniniissary, with the rank of major. 

6. An aidcHle-camj), with the rank of tirst lieutenant. 

7. A surgeon. 

III. The following troops will, until further orders, constitute the Second Brigade: 

1. Colonel Bevier's battalion of infantry. 

2. Colonel Rosser's battalion of infantry. 

3. Colonel McCulloch's battalion of cavalry. 

4. Captain Lucas's scpiad of artillery. 

5. Cai>tain Landis's sipiad of artillery, together with all other V>attalions, squads, 
and individuals that do not enlist in either the First Brigade or the extra battalion. 

IV. The extra battalion will compose all volunteers who do not enlist in either 
the First or Second Brigades, and will be under the command of General McBride 
or some officer designated by him. 

V. Gen. William Y. Slack will assume command of the Second Brigade, and, 
with the major-general's approval, appoint such staff officers as the exigencies of the 
service may recpiire. He will, further, establish an encampment and order into it 
all volunteers who have not already been enrolled in or who shall not immediijtely 
cause themselves to be enrolled in either the First Brigade or the extra l)attalion. 
This order will be rigidly and innnediately enforced. He will organize the troops of 
the brigade into sijuads and battalions. Each squad shall consist of at least twenty- 
five men and each battalion of at least three squads. The commanding officer of each 
battalion and squad shall be appointed by the commanding officer of the brigade, 
subject to the major-general's approfal. All other battalion and squad officers shall 
be appointed by the commander of the battalion or squad, with the approval of the 
officer commanding the brigade. 

The squads will be organized into companies as speedily as possible and the com- 
panies into regiments. 

The cavalry of this brigade and one or more squads of artillery may be temjiorarily 
attached to any division of the State Guard, upon the application of the commander of 
such division. A daily rejKjrt of the strength and condition of such cavalry or squad 
shall, however, be made to the commanding officer of the brigade. 

VI. The term of service of anyone volunteering to enter the Confederate service 
begins from the date of his enrollment in an organized comi)any, or from the date 
of the organization of the company when he enlists in an unorganized i-ompany. 

The pay of those enlisted within twenty miles of these head(]uarters will begin from 
the date of their enrollment by the proper officer of either the First or the Second 
Brigade or of the extra battalion. 

The troops remain in the pay of the State until the transmission of the muster 
rolls to the Secretary of War, whii-h act tiansfers them to the Provisional Army of 
the Confederate States and puts them in the pay of the Ct.)nfederate Government. 

VIL No one except the (luartermaster or conunissary of one of the brigades or of 
the extra battalion shall purchase any stores or supjilies of any kind for the use of 
the troops in this corps nor give a receipt for any article obtained for their use, nor 
shall any such ([uarti'rmaster or commissary issue subsistence or supplies of any kind 
to any company, sipiad, or individual, excei>t upon requisition in due form, ai>proved 
by the commandi'r of the brigade or extra battalion, nor shall such commander 
approve any recjuisition unless the troops for whom it shall be made be duly enrolled 
in his brigade or battalion. Any officer who shall presume to disobey this order 
will be held to a strict accountability. 

VI I L The quartermaster, conunissary, and ordnance officer of the First Brigade 
will each take an exact inventory of all the public proi)erty within the brigade 
belonging to his department; and after obtaining therefor the proper receipts (in 
the form refpiired by the regulations for the government of the armies of the Con- 
federate States) frt)m the officers to whom the same has been delivered, he will 
receipt in due form to the quartermaster-general and conunissary-general of the 
State for such property. 



VOLTNTEERS. 305 

IX. No discharge will be hereafter granted to any soldier ui the State Guard ui)nii 
the ground of " reenlistnient for twelve months or longer" unless he shall bring a 
certifieate from the adjutant of one of the brigades or of the extra battalion that he 
has been duly enrolled in such brigade or battalion. 

X. The Confederate (lovernment will not accept any additional conijianies of 
cavalry unless they enlist for the war. 

By order of Maj. Gen. S. Price: 

\Vm. H. Bk.\xd, 
xlmMant Adjutunt-deneral. 
[Il)id., p. 73i).] 

On the 28th of January Col. Thomas L. Snoad was dispatched to 
Richmond with the rolls of the completed oroanizations (Official Records 
of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series 1, Vol. \'III. p. 744), 
and on the 5th of February the Secretary of War. acknowledoino- the 
receipt of (ieneral Price's letter of Januaiy 17. (|U()ted al)oye. assured 
him, in effect, that it had always been the intention of the President 
to appoint him a major-ocneral in the Confederate service as soon as 
a number of troops should be mustered in from Missouri sufficient tQ 
form a diyision. The Secretary's letter, which contains several items 
of information besides that relating to General Price's appointment, 
is here quoted. 

War Dkpartmext, Richmond, Februarij 5, 1862. 
Maj. (ien. Hterlixg Price, SprhKjtidd, Mo. 

Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge receipt of your letter of 17th ultimo. I am 
much gratified to learn that you are proceeding successfully in the effort to organize 
troops for service under the Confederacy and have already a l)rigade under Col. 
Henry Little. 

The President, whose intention it has always been to secure your services in the 
common cause as soon as a nnndier of troops could be mustered in from INIissouri 
sufficient to form a division, at first thought of tendering you the nomination of com- 
mander of the briga<le already formed as a preliminary to the further nomination to 
command a division as soon as another brigade could ])e formed, but he has been 
arrested by the fear that your removal from the command of the State troops before 
the transfer was complete might have the effect of breaking up your present forces 
before your new command was organized. 

I have to request that at your earliest convenience you forward to me (and it will 
be held confidential if you wish it) a list of the officers of your State troops compe- 
tent, in your opinion, to command brigades, in the order of their merit. It is a 
most difficult and thankless task to select commanders, and at this di.^tance from the 
scene of action we are entirely at a loss how to determine on the cai)acity of those 
recommended for high military commands. 

You seem from the terms of your letter to be under some misapprehension when 
you say that you hope the transfer of the troops already brigaded will be accepted 
without any umiecessarj^ delay. The troops are already acce])ted at the instant you 
have them nuistered into service; we require nothing further, but in order to secure 
the return of the nuister rolls to this department 1 have generally refused to furnish 
the commissions for the regimental staff until 1 had the nuister rolls. 

You are aware that under our organization each regiment is entitled to the follow- 
ing staff, viz: One assistant quartermaster, one assistant commissary, one surgeon, 
one assistant surgeon, one chaplain, and one adjutant. We are in the habit of nomi- 
nating these on the reconnnendation of the colonels of the regiments, and as fast as 
regiments are formed the colonels ought to consult their regiments and send me a 
list of the staff they desire to have nominated. 

We are making every effort to raise for your aid such a force in Arkansas, Texas, 
northern Louisiana, as shall be able, when couil)ined with your own troo])s, to make 
a vigorous campaign, commencing, if j)ossible, l)y 10th to 15th next month. 
I am, your obedient servant, 

J. P. Bex.iamix, Secretary of War. 

[Ibid., p. 747.] 

On the 3d of February, 1862, under the proyisions of an act approyed 
January 28, 1862. entitled "An act to authorize the President to call 
upon the seyeral States for troops to serye for three years or during- 
S. Doc. 412 20 • 



306 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

the war/' the governor of Missouri was called upon to furnish the 
State's quota of "about 71,000 men/' This re([uisition, of which the 
following- is a copy, was, however, qualitied t)v the remark that under 
the peculiar circumstances under which ^lissouri was placed it could 
not be hoped that the governor would be able at once to furnish the 
number of men required. 

CONFEDEKATE STATES OF AMERICA, AVaR DEPARTMENT, 

RkhmoixJ, Va., February 3, 1862. 
C. F. Jackson, Governor of Mmouri. 

Sir: Congress has recently passed a law entitled "An act to authorize the Presi- 
dent to call upon the several States for troops to serve for three years or during the 
war," and, in accordance with its provisions, I have been instructed by the Presi- 
dent to make a call on the several States for a number of men, to l)e enlisted for the 
war, sufficient to fill up a (luota e(]ual to 6 per cent, of the entire white population. 
Under these instructions the number of troops required from your State would be 
about 71,000 men, or 89 regiments of 800 men on an average. Under the peculiar 
circumstances in which Missouri is placed, and the difficulties which embarrass her 
autliorities, I can not hope that you will l)e able at present to meet the requisition, 
which it is, however, my duty to make. 

I therefore resi>ectfully call on your excellency to raise and have mustered into 
the Confederate service the above-named number of regiments, or so many thereof 
as it may be possible for you to ()l)tain. These regiments will l)e called into camps 
of instruction, which you are invited to select. They will there be clothed, sub- 
sisted, and armed at the expense of the Confederate States. Each man will receive 
a bounty of $50 when mustered into service, as well as transportation from his home 
to the place of rendezvous. 

It is earnestly hoped that your excellency will spare no effort to have your troops 
ready for the field by March 15, at which date it is confidently l)elieved you will be 
joined by the forces of your sister States in such numbers as will enable us, by con- 
joint effort, to drive the invader from the soil of Missouri. 
I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, 

J. P. Ben.iamin, Secreiari/ of War. 

[Ibid., Series IV, Vol. I, p. 906.] 

The State authorities were at this time strenuously engaged in the 
enlistment of volunteers for the Confederate service, and it does not 
appear that their action was or could be in any way affected by the 
requisition just ([uoted. 

According to a return made by the adjutant and inspector general 
of the Confederate States, the Missouri troops in the Confederate 
service February 28, 1862, numbered 8,200. It has, however, been 
shown in this j)aper that there were then several regiments in process 
of organization not included in this return. 

On the 19th of March General Price advised the Secretary of War 
thata])out 5,0<)<» of his command had already been sworn into the Con- 
federate service and that he felt assured that the bulk of the remainder 
would follow their example Avhen it became known that he had been 
api)ointed a major-general in the service of the Confederate States. 
His letter to the Secretary is as follows: 

Heaiku'arters M1S.SOCR1 State GcAun, 
Camp Van Bnrcn, ArkaiisaK, Marcit 19, 1862. 
Hon. J. P. Ben.iamin, 

Serretanj of War, RirJunoiHl, Va. 
Sn{: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your valued conmuuiication 
of the 5th ultimo. It would have met with earlier attention but that circumstances 
surrounding me since its reception, ere this well known to you, have forced the 
delay. 

In accordance with your request I herewith give the names of officers in the State 
(iuard coiHpetent to command brigades; they are named in order of their merit, as 
estimate*! by me: 

1. Col. Henry Little, conunaniling brigade, reported. 



VOLUNTEERS. 307 

2. Brig. Gen. Martin E. (xreen, comnianding Second Division, 

3. Brig. Gen. A. E. Steen, romniamling Fifth Division. 

4. Brig. Gen. M. M. Parsons, commanding Sixth Division. 

5. Brig. Gen. D. M. Frost, commanding Seventh Division. 

Brig. Gens. William Y. Slack and Edwin AV. Price I prefer not to classify. The 
first, l)ecause severely wounded in the engagement of the 7th and 8th instant; the sec- 
ond because now a prisoner of war, having been ca{)tured some weeks since when 
on his return to the army from nortli Missouri with recruits. Besides, he is my son. 
Both are officers of jnarked gallantry and energy. I commend to your consideration, 
as chief of artillery in this (li vision, Brig. (Jen. M. Dewis Clark. 

The larger ])art of the State (uiard, I think, will enlist in the Confederate service, 
and to the pnjmotion of tliis object I shall direct every practicable energy. My 
men, numbers of them, would have entered that service before, but were <leteVmined 
first to know who was to command them. From a telegram from a friend of the 6th 
I learn that my nomination as a major-general in the Confederate service was that 
day confirmed by the senate. I have no official knowledge of the fact. About 5,000 
of my connnand have l)een sworn into the Confederate service, and I now feel 
assured that the l)ulk oi the remainder will follow their example when they know 
my ai5i)ointment has been made. 

****** * 

I have the honor, sir, to remain, most respectfully, your obedient servant, 

Sterlinct Price, 
Major-General, Commanding Missouri State Guard. 
[Ibid., Series I, Vol. VIII, p. 792.] 

A few da3^s later, on the 8th of April, 1862, General Price relin- 
quished the command of the Missouri State Guard, and in a general 
order, quoted in the last chapter, appealed to such of his men as had 
not alrcad}' enlisted in the Confederate service to follow him into that 
service. 

General Price was now a major-gen'eral in the Confederate Army, 
in command of a division of the Army of the West, under the com- 
mand of Maj. Gen. Earl Van Dorn, whom he accompanied, with his 
Missouri troops, to the east of the Mississippi River. 

On the 23d of August General Price, then commanding the District 
of the Tennessee, under instructions from the Secretary of War 
which have not been discovered, authorized and directed Lieut. Col. 
Waldo P. Johnson, Fourth Missouri Infantr}% to proceed west of the 
Mississippi River to meet and organize Missouri troops for the Con- 
federate service. In the execution of these instructions Colonel John- 
son was to be subject to the orders of Major-General Holmes, com- 
manding the Trans-Mississippi Department. The text of his instruc- 
tions here follows: 

HEAnQUARTERS DISTRICT OF THE TENNESSEE, 

Tupelo, August 23, 1862. 
Lieut. Col. Waldo P. Johnson, 

Fourtli Mmvuri Infaidnj. 

Colonel: You are, in compliance with the accompanying copy of instructions, 
sent to me under date of the 12th instant by the Secretary of War, authorized and 
directed to proceed forthwith beyond the ^Mississippi, in order to meet and organize 
such 3Iissouri troops as have entered, or may volunteer to enter, the Confederate 
service. You will to this end establish as rapidly as possible one or more camps of 
rendezvous at such points as you may find to be most convenient, and order into 
them all Missouri troojis, in whatever part of that State they may be. You will 
appoint over each camp a connnandant, with such acting staff officers as the neces- 
sities of the service may retjuire. These will, by virtue of such appointments, be 
authorized to ])rovide sul)sistence, forage, etc., for the use of the troops. You will 
organize these troops without unnecessary delay into companies, battalions, and regi- 
ments in strict conformity to the instructions given in the letter from the Secre- 
tary of War, and forward the muster rolls, with a list of the acting field and staff 
officers, to me, together with such remarks as may be necessary to advise me fully 



308 MISSOURI TKOOPS CONFEDERATE. 

as to your manner of executing these instructions. It may be expedient for you to 
autliorize individuals to enlist and muster in troops before they reach the camps of 
rendezvous. This power must l)e exercised by you with the j^reatest caution, and 
the men imist he ordered into camp without any delay whatever. You will trans- 
nut a copy of these instructions to the major-general conunanding the Trans-Mis- 
sissipi>i Department, and report to him from time to time your action under them, 
and you are i)articularly directed to obey promptly and strictly all his orders and 
instructions, through whomsoever they may be communicated to you. In confer- 
ring upon you these important powers I manifest the great confidence which I repose 
in your jiatriotism, prudence, and sound common sense — qualities which are essen- 
tial to the proper discharge of the grave duties which have been devolved upon you. 
I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

Stekling Price, 
Major-General, Commanding. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. LIII, p. 824.] 

Transinittintv a cop}^ of these instructions to the Secretary of War, 
General Price suggested the propriet}' of authorizing certain citizens 
named by him to raise troops within the State of Missouri for the 
Confederate service. His letter to the Secretaiy is here quoted: 

Headqua]{ters District of the Tennessee, 

Tupelo, A ngust 23, 1862. 
Hon. George W. Randolph, Secretary of War. 

Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of the 
12th instant, and to say that I have in accordance therewith authorized Lieut. Col. 
Waldo P. Johnson, of the Fourth Missouri Infantry, to proceed beyond the Missis- 
sippi for the purpose of meeting and organizing the Missouri troops. A copy of my 
instructions to him are herewith transmitted to you. I am in doubt whether your 
letter empowers me, or whether, indeed, the rules of the department permit you to 
empower me to confer authority upon anyone to raise trooi)s in ^Missouri. The dis- 
tance of that State from the seat of government, however, and the consequent diffi- 
culty of comnmnicating with the Department of War, and the peculiar condition of 
the State itself, all require that rules different from those that govern in the other 
States of the Confederacy should prevail there. I therefore respectfully suggest to 
you the propriety of authorizing certain citizens of that State to raise troops within 
it for the Confederate service, which troops, when raised, will be reported to Colonel 
Johnson or some other Confederate officer. I beg leave to mention to you in this 
connection the names of the following gentlemen who might be safely intrusted wdth 
that authority. The Senators and Representatives from IVIissouri can advise you more 
particularly as to the fitness of these gentlemen, and they will be able to suggest to 
you other names w'hich do not now occur to me: JainesII. McBride, of Texas County; 
Edwin W. Price, of Chariton; John I>. Clark, jr., of Howard; John Q. Burbridge, of 
Pike; Edward B. Hull, of Pike; Leonidas [C] Campbell, of Greene; Joseph C. Por- 
ter, of Lewis; John T. Hughes, of Clinton; Thomas INIcCarty, of Clay; J. J. Clark- 
son, of l^awrence; Robert W. Crawford, of Dade; Charles B. Alexander, of Pettis; 
Caleb Dorsey, of Pike; I). Herndon Lindsay, of Salini'; John H. Halley, of Putnam; 
Richard H. Musser, of Chariton; Ebenezer Magoffin, of Pettis; R. A. Boughan, of 
Vernon; Benjamin F. Walker, of Cedar; Francis J. Smith, of Jefferson; W. L. .Tef- 
fers, of C'ape (lirardeau; William IL Matthews, of Washington; [W. C] CJuantrill, 
of Jackson; John T. Coffee, of Dade; Alonzo W. Slayback, of Buchanan; l>ouis A. 

Welton, of Saint Louis; David C. Woods, of Saint l^ouis; 15ruce, of Monroe; 

Fritz INh'Culloch, of Shelby. I have directed I\Ir. Edward T. Fristoe to accompany 
Colonel Joluison as acting assistant adjutant-general to aid in the organization of the 
troops. He is a graduate of the Virginia Military Institute, and was at the break- 
ing out of the war professor of mathematics in the University of Missouri. He has 
been with tlie army for some time, and is a gentleman of high character, ability, 
and (!X))erience, and I hope that the President may be pleased to confer upon him 
an ap|)ointment with appropriate rank. 

I have the honor to be, with the greatest respect, your obedient servant, 

Sterling Price, 
Major-Geueral, Commandinc/. 

[11. id., p. 82.S.] 

No record has l)een found of any action having been taken by the 
AVar Department on General Price's recommendations, but Lieutenant- 



VOLUNTEERS. 309 

Colonel Johnson, whose authority was eiiliirt>;ecl by General Holmes, 
soon dispatched agents to Missouri for the purpose of recruiting- 
within the borders of the State. On the l.jth of September he wrote 
to General Price: 

Little Rock, Akk., Scptonhrr l'>, 1863, 
Maj. Gen. Sterling Pkice. 

General: I arrived here about one week since, reported to Major-General Holmes, 
who conlirnied aiid enhiri^ed my autlioritv, modifyin": it in one particular only, requir- 
ing me to report to him alone otlicially the result of my efforts at recruiting in Mis- 
souri, and requesting me at the sanu' time to advise you of the change. Woon after I 
reached here I dispatcheA about thirty pei'sons to different parts of Missouri for the 
purpose of enlisting and swearing into the service of the Confederate States Army all 
the able-bodied men they could meet with, to have them reported at camj) for organi- 
zation and instruction, remaining here myself, at the request of (reneral Holmes, for 
the purpose of having an interview with Governor .Jackson, who was then expected 
dailJ^ On yesterday the governor arrived, and after a long interview between the 
governor and general, at which I was present, the governor turned over to General 
Holmes all the State property at this place, eml)racing a large amount of clothing and 
other army stores, also all now in Mississippi. The governor also made an order turn- 
ing over all the State Guards now in Missouri to the Confederate States, rccjuiring 
them to report to me, withdrawing from all persons all power to recruit in future for 
the Missouri State Guard. I have not seen General Parsons, but arrangements are 
on foot to turn his entire command over to the Confederate States service, and I think 
it will be successful, as Governor Jackson, General Hindman, and General Parsons 
are all trying to effect it in a manner satisfactory to the men. 

Quite a large number of troops has already been organized along the southern 
border of Missouri, and from all the information I have obtained I believe there are 
many more to be collected and organized. But unfortunately there have been feuds 
and difficulties of almost every kind among them, which have annoyed (General 
Holmes very much, but I think he has adjusted most of the embarrassing cases, and 
I hope in future, if po.ssible, to avoid difficulties of a like character. They have been 
such as are incident to the organization of volunteer forces everywhere. 

******* 

Waldo P. Johnson. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. XIII, p. SSO.] 

It may here be mentioned that by an act of the Confederate Con- 
gress, approved September 2;>, 18(52, provision was made for the pay- 
ment of officers and men enrolled in the Confederate service under the 
command of General Price, '"in the State of Missouri," for the 
periods between the dates of their enrollment and the dates of their 
acceptance as Confederate troops. Following is a copy of the act: 

AN ACT to provide for the payment of certain claims against the Confederate States in the State of 

Mis.souri. 

Tlic Conf/re><s of tlie Confederate States of America do enact, That all officers and sol- 
diers belonging to the (-onfederate States service who were enrolled into said service 
under the command of Maj. Gen. Sterling Price, in the State of Missouri, shall be 
allowed by the (luartermasters of the respective corps in the Confederate Army to 
which such officers and soldiers may l)elong, compensation according to the laws of 
the Confederate States for that period of their service between the time of such 
trooi)s having been actually enrolled in the Confederate service and the time of their 
regidar acceptance bj^ the proper authorities as Confederate troops. 

* * * * • * * * 

Approved, September 23, 1862. 
[Ibid., Series IV, Vol. II, p. 91.] 

On the 2d of October, 1S(>2, an order was issued l)y the War Depart- 
ment suspending the execution of the conscription act of April 16, 
1862, "and of all the amendments thereto," in the State of Missouri. 
It was also provided that, until further orders, troops from that State 
should be received into the Confederate service under the previous 



310 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

legislation of the Confederate Congre.s.s. This order, in so far as it 
related to the State of Missouri, reads as follows: 

General Ordkks, \ Adjutant and Inspector General's Office, 

No. 74. j Richmond, October 2, 1862. 

1. The execution of the act approved April 16, 1862, commonly called the conscrip- 
tion act, and of all the amendments thereto, is suspended, by direction of the Presi- 
dent, in the States of * * * and Missouri. Troops from those States will, until 
further orders, be received into the Confederate service under the acts passed by 
the Confederate Congress prior to the passage of the act above referred to, the 
execution of which is hereby suspended. 

* * * * * • * * 
By order: 

S. Cooper, Adjutant and Inspector General. 
[Il)id., p. 106.] 

That the eti'ect of the foregoing order may be understood it is neces- 
sary to here quote a portion of the conscription act to which it refers: 

AN ACT to further provide for the public defense. 

In view of the exigencies of the country, and the absolute necessity of keeping in 
the service our gallant army, and of j^lacing in the field a large additional force to 
meet the advancing columns of the enemy now invading our soil: Therefore, 

Section 1. Tlie Congress of the Confederate Slides of America do enact, That the Pres- 
ident be, and he is hereby, authorized to call out and place in the military service of 
the Confederate States, for three years, unless the war shall have been sooner ended, 
all white men' who are residents of the Confederate States, between the ages of 
eighteen and thirty-five years at the time the call or calls may be made, who are not 
legally exempted from military service. All of the persons aforesaid who are now in 
the armies of the Confederacy, and whose term of service will expire before the end 
of the war, shall be continued in the service for three years from the date of their 
original enlistment, unless the war shall have been sooner ended. 

* * * * * * * 

Approved, April 16, 1862. 

[Ibid., Series IV, Vol. I, p. 1095.] 

It would appear that the suspension of the execution of the conscrip- 
tion act in the State of Missouri was not construed by the Confederate 
authorities as exempting the Missouri volunteers from the prolonga- 
tion of their terius of service luider the provisions of the act. Theii' 
detention in the service after the expiration of the period for which 
they were originally enlisted, in connection with their enforced service 
east of the Mississippi River in violation of assurances given at the 
time of their enlistment, was the cause of serious disaffection in one of 
the l)rigades, calling forth from General l*rice a strong ai)pcal to the 
patriotism and patience of its members. This appeal, in which (icn- 
cral Price referred at great length to the causes of complaint and the 
grounds upon which they were based, was published in a general order, 
dated December 14, 18(32. of whicii the following is a copy: 

Special Orders, \ Headcjuarter-s Second Corps, Dej'aktment or 

No. 82. J Mississippi and Eastern IjOCIsiana, 

Crenada, Miss., December 14, 1863. 
1. Tlif major-general comnumding has learned with very profound regret that the 
troops of Green's l)rigade are greatly disaffected ))y reason of their l)eing kept upon 
this side of the Mississippi River, and jiarticularly ))y the detention in the service 
beytjnd their original term of enlistment. lie has Ikh'U informed that there is 
dangi-r tliat some of them may, under the im])u]se of this disaffection (which has 
l)een artfully intensified l)y flesiguing men), <1() acts whicii will not only l)ring dis- 
grace upon tliemselves and their iamilics hut upon tlieir comrades and their State, 
and whi<'ii may bring disaster and ruin upon the cause for which tliey have done and 



VOLUNTEERS. 311 

suffered so much. He therefore asks thein to listen to a few words of counsel and 
advice. 

He admits they have much seeming cause to be discontented. They were, most of 
them, enlisted under his assurance that they would not he brought away from Mis- 
souri, but would ]ie permitted to fight there for the independeni-e of tlu-ir own State 
and for the defense or the recovery of their own homes. He believes that without 
that assurance they would have preferred to fight, as they had theretofore fought, an 
unpaid soldiery under that Hag of Missouri beneath whose folds they had never suf- 
fered defeat, but under which they had won victories wliich will «ever be forgotten 
80 long as valor and patri(jtism shall be honored among men. He gave that assur- 
ance in perfect good faith, believing then, as he l)elieves now, that he was authorized 
to give it. The men who had enlisted under that assurance were nevertheless imme- 
diately transferred to this side of the Mississippi River, far away from their invaded 
homes and their hapless families, and they had hardly been brought hitlier before 
they were impressed as it were into the service beyond the period of their (Original 
and voluntary enlistment. 

He admits tiiat these facts have given them too much seeming cause to believe 
that the Government has designedly entrapped them into its service, and artful men 
have, he has been told, used these facts to convince them that they have been 
wronged and outraged by it, and that they ought to resist its attempts to hold them 
in its service. 

If the major-general commanding believed this, and that the Government had 
acted thus basely, he would i)lace himself at your head and lead you back to the 
State of your devotion and his love, and no obstacle should prevent him. But, soldiers, 
he does' not believe it. The Government may have erred; it has not willfully or 
intentionally wronged 3'ou. 

The major-general commanding has never ceased to urge your transfer ])ack to the 
Trans-Mississippi Department. He has never, since this war begun, lost sight of the 
smoke of your camps but once, and then he left you reluctantly to go to Richmond 
in order to entreat the President to send you and him l)ack to INIissouri to battle 
there for the Confederacy. He has recently forwarded other urgent entreaties to the 
same effect, and one of his staff is even now in Richmond awaiting the President's 
answer to tliem, and he has been informed that the President says that you shall be 
sent back to Missouri as soon as you can he spared from this place. Await his answer 
with that patient forbearance which becomes the good citizen as well as the brave 
soldier. 

The major-general commanding has carefully examined the laws relating to this 
subject, and he thinks that there can be no doubt that the terms of enlistment of all 
the Missouri troops in this corj)s between the ages of eighteen and forty years have 
been extended by the j)rovisions of those acts to three years from their date of enlist- 
ment in the Confederate service if the war shall last so long. 

The law of April 16 says in so many words that "all the persons aforesaid (that is 
to say, all white men who are residents of the Confederate States between the ages 
of eighteen and thirty-five years) who are now in the armies of the Confederacy, and 
whose term of service will expire before the end of the war, shall be continued in 
the service for three years from the date of their original enlistment, unless the war 
shall liave been sooner ended," and no subse(iuent act, in his oi)inion, changes that 
provision except to extend the age to forty years. 

This may, and doubtless does, seem hard to you, Init it is a hardship which bears 
upon the citizens of every State alike, and surely you, who have shown yourselves 
to be so brnve and patriotic, will not claim exemj/tion from a law which has been 
manfully submitted to by the citizens of every State in the Confederacy. 

Soldiers of Missouri ! be patient ; lie as you have heretofore ])een, long-suffering and 
obedient. Remember what you owe, not only to yourselves and to your families, 
but to the memory of the brave comrades who have already fallen in this death 
struggle. Remember that they have died that you may be free. 

You have l)y your exalted patriotism and your glorious services not only won for 
yourselves the respect of the world and the love of the' Southern peojile, but you 
have made the name of ^Missouri honored wherever the history of your deeds has 
heen told. Throw not away by an act of cowardly desertion all that yon have so 
hardly and so gloriously won, and bring not disgrace ujion the name which you have 
made so honored just at the day and perhaps at the hour when you may be reaching 
the wished-for goal of all youi- struggles and all your hopes. 

Remember that you are the inheritors and should be the defenders of the honors 
and glories whic-h" cluster al)out the old State Guard. Hold the old banner still 
aloft and trail it not h(ime in disgrace. 

No past services, however glorious, can save from dishonor liim who meanly 



312 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

deserts liis country and his comrades in the hour of danger nor shield his wife and 
children from the shame and ignominy which cling ever after to the deserter's 
family. lUit if there be among you one cowardly enough to desert let him consider 
the dillicultles which obstruct his path and remem1)er the fate which awaits him. 
From that fate the major-general commanding can not save him if he would. 

Be then i)atient for awhile. Every effort is being made to accomplish your 
wishes and to take you Vwck to your homes. Thwart not those efforts by mutinous 
behavior or dastardly desertion. 

The major-geneijal commanding claims the right to speak to you plainly. He has 
never deceived you. He has never hesitated to share your every discomfort and 
j'our every danger. He might at any time have gone back to ]Missouri to command 
a new army had he Ijeen willing to part from you. He might go there to-morrow if he 
would consent to leave you ; but he will never abandon the brave soldiers and long- 
suffering men whom he has led from the l)eginning, who have always followed him 
so nobly, and who have won for him all the honor and glory which a partial people 
has lavished upon him. He asks that you will continue to stand by him as he has 
stood by you and as he will stand by you to the end. 

By order of ^lajor-General Price : 

Thos. L. Sne.\d, 
Assistant Adjutant- General. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. XVII, Part II, p. 794.] 

As reg-iirds the recruiting- service west of the Mississippi, Maj, 
Gen. Theophilus H. Hohnes, commanding- the Trans-]Nlississippi 
Department, wrote November 15, 1862, that he had in his arnu' about 
6,000 Missouri recruits that he had caused to be organized into regi- 
ments and mustered into the Confederate service for three years or 
the war. The entire recruiting service, he said, had been placed in 
the hands of Col. Waldo P. Johnson. Following- is an extract of his 
report : 

Headquarters Trans-Mississippi Department, 

Little Rock, Ark., Noirmhcr 15, 1S62. 

Hon. Secretary of War: 

******* 

There are in this army about 6,000 Missouri recruits. They are in the service in 
all sorts of ways, having been raised, some under the Missouri authorities, some 
under the Confederate authorities, and some under no authority at all, except that 
of the officers raising them. I have had them all organized into regiments and regu- 
larly mustered into the service for three years or the war. The entire recruiting 
service I have placed under Col. W. P. .Johnson, wh.owas sent here for that jnirpose 
by General Price, acting under your authority. 

******* 

I am, sir, very respectively, your obedient servant, 

Tn. H. Holmes, Major-d'eiteral. 
[Ibid., Series I, Vol. XIII, p. 918.] 

Writing on the same subject, June 29, 1863, Maj. Gen. T. C. Hind- 
man referred to the difficulties encountered in procuring recruits and 
the measure of success obtained under th(> discouraging circumstances 
undei- Nvhich the service was conducted, there l)eing then twelve tine 
regiments and three batteri(»s of Missouri troops serving in the Trans- 
Mississippi Department. He said: 

RiCHMoxn, Va., June i?9, 1S63. 
Gen. S, Cooper, 

Adjutant and Im^peetor (Icnrral. 
Gen'erai.: As a report supplementary to the one made by me on the 19th instant, 
I beg to mention here the officers to whom I am most indebted for assistance in the 
labor performed while commaixling the Trans-.Mississippi District. 

In the enrollment and organization of tmops from Missouri Brigadier-Generals 
Parsons and .M(d{ride, Colonels Clark, Payne, .lackman, Tiiompson, Porter, Mac- 
Donald, and Shelby, Lieutenant-Colonels Caldwell, Lewis, and Johnson, Majors 



VOLUNTEERS. 313 

jNlurra}', Musser, and Pindall, "and Captains Standish, Buchanan, Cravens, Peery, 
Qaantrill, and Harrison were especially zealous and useful. In estimatinj; the value 
of their labors and of the many other devoted men who assisted them, it is to be con- 
sidered that, in order to bring out recruits from their State, it was necessary to go 
within the enemy's lines, taking the risks of detection and punishment as spies, 
secretly collecting the men in sciuads and companies, arnung, ecpiipping, and sub- 
sisting them by stealth, and then moving them rapidly southwai-d througiia country 
swarming with Federal soldiers and an organized i.iilitia, and whose, population 
could only give assistance at the hazard of confiscation of property and even death 
itself. That they succeeded at all under such circumstances is attrii^utal)le to a cour- 
age and fidelity unsui'passed in the history of the war. That they did succeed 
beyond all expectation is shown by the twelve tine regiments and three batteries of 
Missouri trooi)s now serving in the Trans-Mississippi Department. 

******* 

I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

T. C. HiNDMAN, Major- General. 
[Ibid., p. 45.] 

Besides the general authority before given to (^ol. Waldo P. John- 
son as recruiting agent for the State of Missouri, it appears that spe- 
cial authority was given him by Lieut. Gen. E. Kirl^y Smith, then 
commanding the Trans-Mississippi Department, to go into the State 
of Missouri and there enlist, for twelve months, volunteer companies 
for the Confederate service. No record of this special authority has 
been found, but, based thereon, authority was given Colonel Johnson 
by Governor Re^niolds to impress, in the name of the State and on 
its credit, such supplies as he might deem necessary in the prosecu- 
tion of his work. A copy of the governor's order on this subject 
dated June 27, 1803, with other orders thereto attached, was captured 
by the Federal troops and is here reproduced: 

Military Special Orders, \ Executive DEPART^rEXT, State of Missouri, 

No. 12. ) Little Hock, Ark:, June 27, 1863. 

I. Col. Waldo P. Johnson, of the Provisional Army of the Confederate States of 
America, having been authorized by Lieu tenant-General Smith, commanding the 
Trans-]\lississippi Department, to go into the State of Missouri and there enlist, for 
twelve months, volunteer companies for the service of the Confederate States, author- 
ity is hereby granted to Col. AValdo P. Johnson, by himself, or his agent therefor by 
him appointed in writing, to impress, in the name of the State of Missouri and on 
its credit, all supplies which he may deem necessary or useful in his recruiting 
service. 

II. AVhenever supplies are imjn-essed under this order a written cei'tificate shall 
be given to the person from whom the same are impressed, setting forth the cjuan- 
tity, description, and market value thereof, the person from wdiom and the i)lace at 
which they are taken, that the same are impressed under this order, and that com- 
pensation will her-eafter he made therefor on satisfactory evidence of the loyalty of 
the owner thereof to the State of ^lissouri and the Confeilerate States of America 
during the present war. 

III. A full and accurate account shall be rendered to the cjuartermaster-general of 
the State f)f Missouri of all property impressed under this order, specifying as far as 
possible the supplies used l)efore and those used after the muster into the Confeder- 
ate service of the company to which the recruits receiving such suj^plies may belong. 

IV. Every appointment bj- Col. Waldo P. Johnson of an agent under this order 
shall be accompanied by a co|)y of this order, certified by Col. \\'aldo P. Johnson, 
and no such agent shall have any authority to apjwint anysubagent unless exjjressly 
thereto authoi'ized in writing by Col. Waldo P. .lohnson. 

Tiios. C. Reynolds, 
Governor of Missouri and Couuuander in Chief Missouri State Guards. 

A true copy: 

Waldo P. Johnson, 
Lieutenant-Colonel Fourth Missouri Lnfantry. 



314 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

June 27, 1863. 
Having authorized Col. Edward B. Hull to recruit in the State of Missouri, he is 
hereby authorized to exercise the following powers granted in the foregoing order 
of Thomas C. Reynolds, governor of the State of Missouri, to wit: 

When he recruits troops for the Confederate service he is authorized to impress pro- 
visions for his men and forage for their teams, and also the necessary transportation, 
keeping an accurate account of the amount taken and the disposition made of the same, 
being careful in all proceedings to conform strictly with the provisions of said order. 

Waldo P. Johnsox, 
lAeutenant- Colonel Fourth Missouri Infantrij. 
Colonel Hull is authorized to empower as many as six persons to impress supplies 
in compliance with the foregoing order. 

Waldo P. Johnsox, 
Lieutenant- Colonel Fourth Missouri Infantry. 
Captain Chambers is authorized to exercise the powers granted in the foregoiug 
order for all troops raised under my orders. 

E. B. Hull, 
Colonel on Recruiting Service. 
[Ibid., Series I, Vol. XXXIV, Part I, p. 64.5.] 

As a part of the record it ma}- be here stated that on August 8, 1863, 
Lieutenant-General Smith, commanding the Trans-Missis.sippi Depart- 
ment, requested Governor ReA'nolds to furnish from his State a bri- 
gade of cavalry (Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, 
Series IV, Vol. II, p. 702), but no record has been found of the action 
taken on this request. 

On the 12th of Septeml)er, 1S63, Brig. Gen. F. M. Cockrell. of the 
First Missouri Brigade, then commanding the division of ^Missouri 
troops east of the Mississippi River, in parole camp at Demopolis, 
Ala., addressed the War Department relative to the condition of the 
division, its reduction by losses in battle, and the impossibility of 
obtaining recruits from the west side of the river. In view of exist- 
ing conditions he requested that Missourians belonging to the Trans- 
Mississippi Department, captured by the Federal troops and returned 
to the Confederate lines east of the river, ))e attached permanently to 
the regiments and batteries of the division under his command. Fol- 
lowing is a copy of his letter: 

DE^ropoLIS, Ala., September 12, 1863. 
Gen. S. Cooper, 

Adjutant and Inspector General, Richmond, Va. 

General: I most respectfully and earnestly apply through you to the Secretary of 
AVar to have all the ^lissourians belonging to the Trans-Mississippi Department who 
have ])een and may hereafter l)e ca]>tured and sent into our lines by way of City 
Point and Richmond, Va., ordered into and attached i)ermanently to the Missouri 
regiments and l)atteries of this division, now east of the INIississippi River. There are 
six infantry regiments and two cavalry regiments and five l)atteries in this division. 
The six infantry regiments and three batteries compose the First Brigade, INIissouri 
Volunteers, to command which I am assigned, by order of the Secretary of War, in 
my appointment as Ijrigadier-general. This First Brigade lost in the series of l)attles 
preceding and during the siege of Vickslwrg, in killed, wounded, and missing, 1,389 
men — al)out one-half of its strength. These regiments and l>attt'ries are greatly 
reduced. The First and Fourth Infantry regiments were consolidated last fall l)y 
mutual consent of theotfieers, the ten companies of each regiment being consoHdated 
into five companies, making one consolidated regiment of ten companies. Tlie First 
Regiment of Missouri C'avalry and Third Battalion of IMissouri Cavalry, both now 
dismounted and having served as infantry since April, 1862, and two ])atteries, now 
compose the Second Brigade, lately commanded by Brig. (ien. M. E. Green, who 
was killed at Vicksl)urg, the Arkansas troops of this brigade, five or six regiments in 
number, having crossed the Alissi.ssippi River after the capitulation of Vicksburg. 
This Iirigade is now connnamled by Col. Elijah (iates, of the First ^Missouri Cavalry, 
and is likewise greatly reduced. Both brigades were captured at A'icksburg and are 



VOLUNTEEES. 315 

now in paroled camp at Demopolig, Ala. If this division of ^Missouri troops is to be 
kept in the service east of the Mississippi River there are many cogent reasons and 
arguments in favor of my application. There is now no possible chance to get 
recruits from the west side of the river. The Missourians belonging to the Trans- 
Mississippi Department who have been captured and passed into our lines by the 
Federals, and are now at Camp Lee, Virginia, and Demopolis, Ala., and other points, 
can not now cross the Mississippi River in any organization, and if they go at all 
must go in small squads or separately, and in whatever way they may go running 
risks of being captured; and if effort is made to retain them east of the ^lississippi 
River in any temporary organizations and not connected with troops from their own 
State, thej' will naturally become disaffected, considering such only temporary, and 
will scatter and attemjit to cross west of the river. 

The regiments and batteries of this division are so greatly reduced and so much 
decimated that a few more engagements will almost annihilate them and at least 
compel many consolidations; and consolidations of old organizations are manifestly 
injurious to the l)est interests of the service; and if sucii organizations can he pos- 
sibly tilled and kept distinct by recruits or troops from even new organizations; for 
soldiers connected with old organizations, which have passed through the ordeal of 
so many well-embattled fields, are inspired with a morale and a love of glory and 
regimental honor which will naturally nerve their hearts and strengthen their arms 
and lead them to deeds of daring and even desperation amid any danger. The Trans- 
Mississippi Missourians, if ordered into our conuiiands, will i)robably l)e of more 
real value to our cause than they would be elsewhere, and if permanently attached 
to our organizations under our officers and mustered and paid with our troops they 
will become better satisfied than they otherwise would be, and will very soon become 
thoroughly identified with the organizations to which they are attached. The First 
and Fourth regiments of Missouri Infantry will probal)ly be separated by the desire 
and agreement of the officers, and if there are any companies at Camp Lee or else- 
where l)elonging to the Trans-Mississippi Department, and already organized and 
officered, such company or companies can l)e ordered into these regiments and still 
maintain their company organizations and retain their officers. I do not desire any 
commissioned officers to be ordered here except such as belong to organized com- 
mands, and are ordered here with their commands, and all troops ordered here 
should l)e distinctly informed that it is permanent until otherwise ordered by the 
Secretary of War. The gallantry of the troops of this division, shown wherever and 
whenever they have encountered their oft-met and hated foes, the despoilers of their 
homes and oppressors of their families and friends, and their patriotism and devo- 
tion, as shown so conspicuously at and since the capitulation of Vicksburg, and their 
ardent desire to keep their ]iresent organizations distinct and separate, and to have 
their thinned ranks filled, that they may continue to represent in force, in the gal- 
lant army of our loved and young Confederacy, their loved and native ^Missouri — 
their home now groaning under an unparalleled despotism — and my own convictions 
as to the very l)est interests of the service impel me to appeal most earnestly to you 
for the immediate eonsunmiation of this. application. 

Trusting that this application may be cordially approved and receive earliest prac- 
ticable attention, and that the trans- ^Mississippi Missourians now at Camp Lee and 
Demopolis, Ala., or elsewhere, as well as those who may liereafter arrive, may lie 
ordered to and permanently attached to this command, 
1 am, general, your obedient servant, 

F. ]\I. COCKRELL, 

Brigadier-General, First Missouri Brir/ade, 
And now commanding Boiven's Old Division, Missouri Troops. 
[Ibid., Series I, Vol. LII, Part II, p. 524.] 

This letter was approved and forwarded by Lieutenant-Geiieral 
Hardee, and was indorsed by the Secretary' of War as follows: 

October 14, 1863. 
A DJ UTA NT-Genera l : 

I am anxious to recruit this veteran brigade, and, if practicable, to maintain its 
honoreil organizations. Such orders as is desired may be granteil if there be any 
Missourians at Camp Lee or arriving with exchanged prisoners to whom it would 
ap])ly, but if such men Ijelong to other organizations they must be temporarily 
assigned, unless with their own consent they are transferred. If assigned, let it he 
till further orders. 

J. A. S. [Seddon.] 

[Ibid., p. 526.] 



316 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

Pursuant to the instructions of the Secretary, an order was issued 
from the office of the Adjutant and Inspector General directing- that 
''all Missouri soldiers not engaocd in actual service east of the Mis- 
sissippi River," (i. e., those east of the Mississippi River not engag-ed 
in actual service) be attached to General CockrcU's (First Missouri) 
brigade; those belonging to military organizations west of the Mis- 
sissippi to be temporarily and all others permanently so attached. 
The chief of the conscription bureau was also directed to assign to 
the same brigade all Missourians east of the Mississippi liable to con- 
scription. The order on this subject reads as follows: 

Special Orders, \ Ad.iutaxt and Inspector General's Office, 

No. 247. i Richmond, October 17, 1863. 

******* 

IX. All Missouri soldiers not engaged in actual service east of the Mississippi River 
will report to the commanding general of the First Missouri Brigade at Demopo- 
lis, Ala. 

The men belonging to military organizations west of the Mississippi River will be 
temporarily attached to the above-mentioned brigade. The remainder will be per- 
manently attached. 

The chief of the conscription bureau will order all Missourians east side of the 
Mississippi liable to conscription to the same brigade. 

******* 

By command of the Secretary of War: 

Jno. Withers, Amdant Adjutant- General. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. XXXII, Part III, p. 673.] 

On the 29th of Februar}^, 1864, Lieutenant-General Polk, then com- 
manding at Demopolis, directed that all unattached men in his depart- 
ment belonging to regiments in the Trans-Mississippi Department be 
formed into a trans-Mississippi battalion. His order was published in 
a circular of which the following is a copy: 

Circular.] Headquarters, Demopolis, Fehniary 29, 1864- 

All unattached men in this department lielonging to the regimental in the Trans- 
Mississippi Department are ordered to report to Lieut. Col. H. C. Davis, Cahaba, 
Ala., for the purpose of l)eing organized into a trans-Mississippi battalion. 
By command of Lieutenant-General »Polk: 

Thos. M. Jack, Amstant Adjuiant-General. 
[Ibid.] 

This circular being in conflict with War Department Special Orders, 
No. 217, (jiioted al)ove, Lieut. Col. R. S. Bevier, a recruiting officer for 
General CockrelPs brigad(\ addressed the Secretary of War as follows: 

Richmond, Va., Marcli 24, 1864. 
Hon. J. A. SiCDDoN, Secretarji of War. 

Sir: I ai)pend herewith an order or circular issued by Lieut. Gen. L. I'olk, which 
conflicts with Special Orders, No. 247, of October 17, 18fW, issued by yourself in regard 
to ^lissonrians, and attaching all cast of the Mississippi River and not in active 
service at tliat time to tlie First ^Missouri J^>rigadc, (icneral (V)ckrell. Fearing this 
circular of Lieutenant-General I'olk might j^roducea conflict of interests, and be con- 
sidered to attach to Missourians who come througli by the exchange and are sent on 
to Cockrell's l)rigade by me to be temi)orarily attai'hed, although belonging to organ- 
izations in the Trans-]\Iississii)i)i Department, I therefore respectfully ask that General 
Polk's circular, as far as it applies to Missourians, may be suspended, as conflicting 
with the said Si)ecial ( )rders. No. 247. 

Very respectfuUv, your obedient servant, 

R. S. Bevier, 
Lieutenaiit-('o!otiel and Recruitinij Officer, Cockrell's Mis.'^ouri Brigade. 
[Ibid., p. H72.] 



VOLUNTEERS. 317 

Upon this repre.sontutioii of the ciise Gonenil Polk was requested to 
so modify his order that it would not contiic't with the previous order 
of the War Department respectino- the assig-imient of Missouri soldiers 
to General Coekrell's brioade. The action of the War Department, as 
indorsed on Colonel Bevier's letter, was as follows: 

March 28, 1864. 

AdJUTANT-G EXER A L : 

Call General Polk's attention to the order respecting Missourians to be attached 
temporarily to General Coekrell's brigade, and request that his order be so modified 
as not to conflirt with it. 

J. A. S. [Seddon.] 

Adjutant and Inspector General'.« Office, 

Marcli 28, 1S64. 
Respectfully referred to Lieutenant-General Polk, with attention invited to the 
indorsement of the Secretary of War, and to Special Orders, No. 247, last series, from 
this office, a copy of whirh is inclosed. 

By order of Adjutant and Inspector General. 

H. L. Clay, Assistant Adjutimt-Geueral. 
[Ibid., pp. 672, 673.] 

No record has been found of the action, if any, taken bv General 
Polk on the order of the Secretarj^ of War. 

During the summer and autumn of 1864, an invasion of the State of 
Missouri b}' General Price being in contemplation, special attention was 
given to the subject of recruiting the Missouri forces in the Trans- 
Mississippi Department. On this subject General Price said in a letter 
to Governor Rej^nolds, June 2H, 1864: 

I believe, as General Rains suggests, that we should send good recruiting officers 
in advance of the army, supported by a cavalry force to enable him [them] to organize 
their recruits, and they should be joined bj^ the army before the enemy would have 
time to concentrate a force to overwhelm them. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. LIII, p. 999.] 

In the same letter (Official Records of the Union and Confederate 
Armies, Series I, Vol. LIII, p. 1000) General Price said: 

He [Col. Sam. Woodson, an ex-member of Congress] says there are 20,000 men in 
St. Louis alone now armed and -waiting to join me. 

On the 3d of October, Col. W. R. Gause. Third Missouri Infantry, 
was ordered by the Secretary of War to report to General Price in 
Missouri for the purpose of raising troops in that State, or for such 
other assignment as General Price should direct. Following is a cop3' 
of the Secretary's order: 

Special Orders, )^ Adjutant and Inspector General's Office, 

No. 237. ) Blr}t)iiond, October 6, 1864. 

******* 

X. Col. W. R. Gause, Third Missouri Infantry, will proceed with least practicable 
delay to the State of ^Missouri and report to Maj. Gen. S. Price for the purpose of 
raising troops in that State, or such other assignment as may be directed by General 
Price. 

******* 

By command of the Secretary of War: 

John Withers, 
Assistant Adjutant- General 
[Ibid., Series IV, Vol. Ill, p. 713.] 



318 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

Of the results of General Price's campaign, in so far as the}^ related 
to the number of recruits obtained and the proposed distribution of 
them, Maj. Gen. M. M. Parsons wrote, November Itl, 1804: 

Headquarters Parsons' Division, 

Camden, Ark., November 16, 1864. 
Maj. Gen. Sterling Price, 

Connnandhig Mi.^souri Expedition. 
General: Allow me to congratulate you on yonr successful campaign in Missouri. 
Though you were unable to hold the State, the injury you intiicted on the enemy and 
the large number of recruits brought out l)y you exceeded my most sanguine calcu- 
lations. 

* ****** 

As you stated to me your purpose before leaving for Missouri was, if you succeeded 
in recruiting sufficiently, to till m}' old regiuients to their maximum, a new regiment 
should be added to my division in order to equalize the brigades. I have now five 
regiments, one battalion sharpshooters, and two Ijatteries. To till all to the maxi- 
mum and form the new regiment would take 5,900 men. I, by your direction, stated 
to my officers on my return from my last visit to you your intentions on this sub- 
ject. It was highly satisfactory. They and the men were all content. Only two 
desertions since you left. After giving the complement of men 1 ask, I should like 
very much to see another infantry division organized of Missourians, then take mine 
and that and make a corj)s for you. You would have a command of infantry about 
20,000 strong, which, drilled and equipjied, would be the tinest corps in the service. 
******* 

With great respect and esteem, your friend, truly, 

^I. M. Parsons, Major- General. 
[Ibid., Series I, Vol. XLI, Part IV, p. 1054.1 

On this subject General Price said, in his report dated December :38, 
1861, of his expedition into Missouri: 

I brought with me at least 5,000 new recruits, and they are still arriving in large 
numbers daily within our lines, who l)ring the cheering intelligence that there are 
more on their way to the army. After I passed the German settlements in ^Missouri 
my march was an ovation. The people thronged around us and welcomed us with 
open hearts and hands. Recruits flocked to our tlag in such numl)ers as to threaten 
to become a burden instead of a Ijenefit, as tliey were mostly unarmed. In some 
counties the question was not who should go to the army, but who should stay at 
home. I am satisfied that could I have remained in ^Missouri this winter the army 
would have been increased 50,000 men. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. XLI, Part I, p. 640.] 

Like the Missouri State Guard, the Missouri volunteers in the Con- 
federate service achieved for themselves an enviable reputation for 
gallantry in the tield, and such prestige as may have been lost to the 
]Missouri troops by the temporary disati'ection among the members of 
one brigade at the expiration of their original term of enlistment 
appears to have l)een regained l)y the pledges subsequently given by 
c(>rtain I'egiuKMits of service •"' for forty years," if necessary to the suc- 
cess of the cause in which they were engaged. In acknowledgment 
of these ''pledges of fidelity to the cause of Southern independence"' 
the Confederate Congress voted a rest^lution of thanks, of which the 
following is a copy: 

JOINT RESOLUTION of thanks to Mis-iouri ollicers iiikI soldiers in the tJonfetU'rate service east of 

tlie Mississippi River. 

Rexoli'cd 1)1/ the f'nni/rexx of the Cnnfolfrat/' Statex of America, That the thanks of Con- 
gress an- eminently due, and are h('rel)y tendered, to I^rig. Gen. F. M. Goikrell, anil 
the ofiiciTs and soldiers conqiosiug the First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth 
regiments of Missouri Infantry, First, Second, and Third regiments of Missouri Cav- 
alry, the batteries of Bledsoe, Landis, (4uil)or, Walsh, Dawson, and Barret, and 
\Voo(lson's detached comiJany, all in tlie service of the Confederacy, east of the Mis- 



VOLUNTEERS. 319 

sissippi River, for the prompt renewal of their pledges of fidelity to the cause of 
Southern independence for forty years, unless independence and peace, without cur- 
tailment of boundaries, shall be sooner secured. 

Approved, May 23, 1864. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. XXXVIII, Part III, p. lOOS.] 

In the absence of the official returns and many of the muster rolls it 
is impossible to determine the number of Missouri volunteers in the 
Confederate service, but after the consolidation of incomplete organi- 
zations there were, as nearly as can be ascertained, sixteen regiments 
and twelve battalions of cavalry, fourteen rooiments and two bat- 
talions of infantry, and twenty-one compahies of artillery, which, at 
the minimum strength, according to the Confederate plan of organiza- 
tion, would aggregate al)out 31,000 men of all arms. 

In estimating the number of volunteer troops furnished by Missouri 
to the Confederate States during the civil war it should, however, be 
considered that many of the regiments were probably above the mini- 
miuii strength, and that large numbers of recruits were received to 
supply the losses in battle, and from other casualties of the service. 



LOCAL DEFENSE. 



In the act of the general as^embh' of the State of Missouri, approved 
May 14, 1861, quoted in this paper under the title of ''^Missouri State 
Guard,"" division inspectors were authorized to oroanize companies of 
Home (xuards, to be composed of persons not within the age limits 
required for membership of the regiments of the State Guard organ- 
ized for general service. 

Provision Avas also made by the Confederate Government for the 
organization of corps for local defense. By an act of Congress 
approved August 21, 1801, the President was authorized to accept 
volunteers ''for the defense of exposed places or localities,'"' or for 
such special service as he might deem expedient, such troops to be 
mustered into the service of the Confederate States and to be subsisted 
and paid for such time as they should be employed under the orders 
of the President. Following is a copy of the act: 

AN ACT to provide for local defense and special service. 

The Congress of the Confederate States of America do ennd, That the President be, and 
he is hereby, authorized to accept the services of volunteers of such kind and in such 
proportion as he may deem expedient, to serve for such time as he may prescribe, 
for the defense of exposed places or localities, or such special service as he may deem 
exi)edient. 

Sec. 2. And such forces shall be mustered into the service of the Confederate 
States, for the local defense or special service aforesaid, the nnister roll settin.ij: fortli 
distinctly the services to be })erformed; and the said volunteers shall not be consid- 
ered in actual service until thereunto sjiecially ordered by the President. And they 
shall be entitled to pay or subsistence only for such time as they may be on duty 
under the orders of the President or by his direction. 

Skc. 3. Such volunteer forces, when so accepted and ordered into service, shall be 
organized in accordance with and subject to all the provisions of the act entitled 
"An act to provide for the public defense," approved ]March sixth, one thousand 
eight himdred and sixty-one, and may be attached to such divisions, l>rigades, regi- 
ments, or l)attalions as the President may direct, and when not organized into liat- 
talions or regiments before l^eing nmstered into service the President shall ajipoint 
the field officers of tlu' battalions and regiments when organize<l as such by him. 

A])proved, August 21, 1861. 

[Official Records of the l^nion and Confederate Armies, Series IV, Vol. I, p. 579.] 

By an act approved April 21, 1802, the President was authorized to 
organize " bands of partisan rangers"" for a more ]iermanent service, 
to be I'eceived into the service of the Confederate States and to receive 
the same pay, rations, and (juarters. and be subjin-t to the same regu- 
lations as other troops. This enactment reads as follows: 

AN ACT to organize lumds of partisan raii^eis. 

Section 1. TJie Coiit/ressof tJie Coufcdernte Static of Atncrica do enact, That the Presi- 
dent be, and he is hereby, authorizi'd to connnission such officers as he may deem 
proper with autJiority tKi form bands of partisan rangers, in companies, battalions 
320 



LOCAL DEFENSE. 321 

or regiments, either as infantry or cavalry, the companies, battaUons, or regiments 
to be composed each of such numbers as the President may approve. 

Sec. 2. Be it further euncteiJ, That such partisan rangers, after l>eing regularly 
received into service, shall be entitled to the same pay, rations, and quarters during 
their term of service, and be subject to the same regulations, as other soldiers. 

Sec. 3. Be it further enacted, That for any arms and munitions of war captured 
from the enemy by any body of partisan rangers and delivered to any quartermaster 
at such place or places as may be designated by a commanding general, the rangers 
shall be paid their full value in such manner as the Secretary of War may prescribe. 

Approved, April 21, 1862. 

[Ibid., p. 1094.] 

In a later act, approved October 13, 1862, provision was made for 
the formation of squads or companies for local defense, in any part of 
the ConfederacT, hy the voluntar}- association together of individuals 
""over the age of forty-live years, or otherwise not liable to military 
duty," who should elect their own officers and be governed by rules 
and regulations to ))e established by themselves, and be considered as 
belonging to the Provisional Arm\' of the Confederate States, serving 
without pay or allowances, and entitled, when captured, to all the 
privileges of prisoners of war. This act contained the proviso that in 
the States and districts in which the act of April 16, 1862 (the con- 
scription act), was suspended, persons of any age, resident therein, 
might volunteer and form parts of such squads or companies so long 
as the suspension of the operation of the conscription act should con- 
tinue, the only condition being that the persons so volunteering 
should first take the oath of allegiance to the Confederate States. 
The enactment referred to is here quoted: 

AN ACT to authorize the formation of volunteer companies for local defense. 

The Congress if tlie Confederate St(des of America do enact, That for the purpose of 
local defense in any portion of the Confederate States, any number of persons not 
less than twenty, who are over the age of forty-five years, or otherwise not liable to 
military duty, may associate themselves as a military comi^any, elect their own offi- 
cers, and establish rules and regulations for their own government, and shall be con- 
sidered as belonging to the Provisional Army of the Confederate States, serving 
without pay or aMowances, and entitled, when captured by the enemy, to all the 
privileges of prisoners of war: Prorided, That such company shall, as soon as prac- 
ticable, transmit their muster roll, or a list of the names of the officers and jirivates 
thereof, to the governor of the State, the commanding general of the department, or 
any brigadier-general in the State or Confederate service, to l^e forwarded to the Sec- 
retary of War; but the President or the commander of the military district may, at 
any time, disband such companies: Prorided, That in the States and districts in 
which the act entitled "An act to further provide for the public defense," approved 
April the sixteenth, eighteen hundred and sixty-two, and the acts amendatory 
thereof, have been suspended, persons of any age, resident within such States or dis- 
tricts, may volunteer and form part of such companies so long as such suspension 
shall continue: Prorided, That no person shall" become a member of said company 
until he shall have first taken the oath of allegiance to the Confederate States of 
America in writing, a copy of which shall be filed with the muster roll of said com- 
pany as above prescribed. 

Approved, October 13, 1862. 

[Ibid., Series IV, Vol. II, p. 206.] 

In the regulations formulated by the Confederate War Department 
about February, 1863, for the "organization of troops," it was 
announced that no troops would be accepted for local service "unless 
required by the officer commanding the district in question," and then 
only as prescribed by the act of August 21, 1861, '" receiving pay, sub- 
sistence, etc., only while in actual service." (Official Records of the 
Union and Confederate Armies, Series IV, Vol. I, p. 824.) 
S. Doc. 112 21 



322 MISSOUEI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

Ill iui Older issued Iw the War Department April 28, 1862, it was 
announced, under the head of "Additional Corps — Guerrilla Service," 
that applications for the formation .of bands of partisan rangers under 
the act of April 21, 1862, should ])e made throug-h the commanding- 
generals of the militaiy departments in which such corps were to be 
employed (Il^id., p. 1098), and in the same order it was further 
announced that corps raised for local defense (evident]}' those formed 
under the act of August 21, 1861) wthiIcI retain their organization dur- 
ing the terms of their enlistment unless previouslv disbanded. (Ibid., 
p. 1099.) 

The irregularities reported as having been committed b}" the parti- 
san corps rendered it necessarv that they be brought under stricter 
discipline than had before l)een enforced, and the commanders of mili- 
taiT departments were therefore directed to coml)ine them into battal- 
ions and regiments, in order that they might be brought under the 
same regulations and discipline as other troops. Such of the partisan 
corps as were serving within the enemy's lines were, however, excepted 
from the operation of the order. The order of the War Department 
on this subject, dated June 12, 1863, reads as follows: 

General Orders, \ Adjutant and Inspector General's Office, 

No. 82. i Richmond, June 12, 1863. 

The second section of the act entitled an act to organize partisan rangers provides 
that such partisan rangers, after being regularly receiv'ed into service, shall be entitled 
to the same pay, rations, and quarters during their term of service and be subject to the 
same regulations as other soldiers. The irregularities reported to this department 
as having been committed by such corps renders it proper that these corps shall be 
placed under stricter regulations than those heretofore adopted. The generals 
commanding the departments in which they are serving are hereby authorized to 
combine them into battalions and regiments with the view to bringing them under 
the same regulations as other soldiers in reference to their discipline, position, and 
movements; and the same officers will recommend any further measures for their 
organization as an integral portion of their commands as will in their opinion pro- 
mote their efficiency and the interest of the service. The general of the department 
will recommend field officers for the organizations that may be made, to ]>e submit- 
ted for the consideration of the President. Such partisan corps as are serving within 
the enemy's lines are for the present excepted from this order. 

By order: 8. Cooper, 

Adjutant and Inspector General. 

[Ibid., p. oSo.] 

By an act of congress approved February IT. 1864, the act of April 
21. 1862, authorizing the organization of partisan bands was repealed 
and measures similar to those pi'eviously adopted by the War Depart- 
ment were authorized for the purpose of bringing into a proper state 
of discipline the bands then in existence. As in the War Department 
order, however, the partisan corps serving within the enemy's lines 
were, within the discretion of the Secretary of War, excepted from the 
contemplated changes. P'oilowing is a copy of the act referred to: 

A BILL to repeal iiii net to orKiinizc bands of partisan rangers, approved April twenty-first, eighteen 
hundred and sixty-two, and for other purposes. 

T]ie covf/rrf.^ of tlie Coiifcderaic Statcfi of America do euact, That the act of congress 
aforesaid be, and the same is hereby, repealed: Provided, That organizations of 
partisan rangers acting as regular cavalry at the passage of this act shall be continued 
in their present organization: Provided, They shall hereafter be considered as regular 
cavalry and not as partisan rangers. 

Sec. 2. That all the l)ands of partisan rangers organized under the said act may, 
as the interests of the service allow, be united witii other organizations, or be organ- 
ized into I)attalions and regiments, with tlie view to })ringing them under the gen- 
eral conditions of the Provisional Army as to discipline, control, and movements, 
under such regulations as the Secretary of War may prescribe. 



LOCAL DEFENSE. 323 

Sec. 3. The Secretary of War i«liall beautliorized, if he deems proper, for a time, or 
permanently, to except from tiie operation of this act such companies as are serving 
within the hnes of the enemy, and under such CDuditions as he may prescribe. 

Apjiroved, February 17, 1864. 

[Ibid., Series IV, vol. Ill, p. 19-1.] 

It can not be a.scertained from any accessible records what number 
of Home Guards, if any, was oro-anized under the act of the Missouri 
legislature of May 14, is^ll. or whatniunber of ''Partisan Kang-ers" or 
troops for "local defense," if any, was raised in the State of Missouri 
under the acts of the Confederate Congress ([uoted above, but it is 
knowMi that a very large number of individuals not belonging to any 
regular military organizations were engaged in that State in opposi- 
tion to the military forces of the United States and the State militia 
and Home Guards serving in cooperation with the Federal troops. Of 
this the following from Confederate sources alone is sutMcient evidence: 

On Decem))er 8, 1801, President Davis, writing to Hon. W. P. Har- 
ris, of Mississippi, said: '"The contest [in Missouri) is therefore to be 
on a scale of very different proportions than that of the partisan war- 
fare witnessed during the past sununer and fall.'' (Official Records of 
the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. Vlil, p. 701.) On 
the 13th of Deceml)er the Missouri delegation in congress remarked 
in a letter to General Price: ''The President is further pleased to inti- 
mate that our guerrilla ffghting in Missouri must now give place to 
a different mode, that of regular, systematic warfare" (Ibid., Series 
I, Vol. LIH, p. 762), and on June 10, 1862, Hon. Thomas A. Harris, 
a memljer of congress from Missouri, addressed a letter to the Secre- 
tary of War relative to the character of the contest in Missouri and 
the class of troops employed. In this letter he said: 

KiCHMOND, June 10, 1862. 
Hon. George W. Randolph, 

Secret an/ of War. 
Sir: In pursuance of the understanding involved in our conversation of this morn- 
ing, I i)ro(;eed to reduce to writing the inijuiries then propounded, with the view of 
eliciting answers which I may be at Hl)erty to use in furtherance of the j^oHcy adopted 
by the Government; and if in the course of propounding the imiuiries I should digress 
in such a manner as to introtUice a suggestion or an argument, I indulge the hojje 
that you will not attril)ute it to any impertinent attempt at dictation or a desire to 
introduce unsolicited advice. On the contrary, I feel assured that in tlie anomalous 
and unfortunate condition of the gallant peojile of Missouri, whom I have the honor 
in part to rei)resent. sufticient justilication may be tV)und for any anxiety which I may 
manifest. But to proceed to the ol)ject of my letter: The State of Missouri at this 
Tiioment is at the mercy of the enemy. Not a single Confederate soldier treads her 
soil, and lier ))rave sons, as far as ])ossible, have been transferred to the east bank of 
the Mississippi River by the act of the Confederate (Jovernment. It is not my pur- 
pose to dwell in eulogy ujjon the self-sacrificing ])atriotism of those brave men of 
Missouri who, after a protracted campaign of enclurance and glory, have folli>wed 
their heroic leader through the fatiguing marches of the mountains of Arkansas to 
the soil of Tennessee, leaving tjehind their homes and families to the mercy of an 
un{)rincipled enemy. History will ilo justice to the act of magnanimous patriotism. 
The object of this letter is to ascertain the line of policy which this CJovermnent 
would recommend to the jieople of Missouri now witliin the limits of the State to 
pursue. It can not be unkncjwn to you, sir, that a general system of guerrilla war- 
fare now desolates the State; that the loyal citizens, writhing under the yoke and 
oppression of the enemy, are struggling unaided and illy provided with the indis- 
pensable materials of war to assist and maintain their libertv, projterty, and self- 
respect; that acts of unprecedented oppression and barbarity, ni violation of all the 
principles of civilized warfare, are daily perpetrated ui)on that gallant people. We 
can ascribe this continued and self-sacrificing struggle maintained by the people of 
Missouri so unequally to none other cause than their utter detestation of the enemy 
and their loyalty to the Government of the Confederate States. 



324 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

The ([iK'stion then presents itself, Does this exhaustinjr and unequal system of de- 
fense adopted l)y the people of ]\Iissouri obtain the apju-oltation of the (iovernnient? 
And does it, in the opinion of the Government, contribute toward the ultimate suc- 
cess of the conunon cause? An answer in aftirmative to the imjuiry would in my 
opinion devolve u]K)n this (lovernment the institution of such retaliatory measures 
as would compel the enemy to treat prisoners captured in the State of Missouri in ac- 
cordance with the rules of civilized warfare, and the additional oblijiation of supply- 
ing the men in the held in that State promptly ami to the extent of its ability with 
such numitions of war as are indispensably necessary. Further, I may say that the 
troops in the fieltl under State authority, con)manded l)y officers duly commissioned 
l)y the ijovernor of INIissouri, should be placed upon a footiufrof absolute or a])prox- 
imate eipiality with other soldiers of the Confederate Army. But should your rei)ly 
be in the negative, is it not proper and exjiedient that the (Jovernment of the Con- 
federate States should interpose so far as to con,vey to the peo})le of ^Missouri an ex- 
pression of its disapjiroval of the policy there inaugurated, and indicate such a line 
•of policy for them to pursue as would harmonize with the views of the Covernment? 
It is for the Government to judye of the difficulty, sacrifice, and advantage to result 
from maintaining military operations in Missouri hundreds of miles from any efficient 
aupjiorting column, in which determination the extraordinary diffii-ulties of commu- 
nication and transportation will of course receive due consideration. 

******* 

Thomas A. Harris, Mcnther of Congress. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. XIII, p. 838.] 

Further evidence on the same subject is found in a letter from Gen- 
eral Price to Governor Reynolds, dated November 2, 1863, of which 
the following- is an extract: 

Cami' Bragg, Ahk., Noveiiiher 2, 1863. 
His Excellencv Governor Thomas C. Reynolds, 

Marshall, Tex. 

Dear Sir: I have the honor to inclose to you an official copy of Colonel Quii'ifi'ill's 
report of his march from Missouri River to Canadian, detailing in a terse but graphic 
style his attack upon Fort Baxter and up(jn JNIajor-General Blunt and escort. This 
report was handed to me ))y Captain Brinker, whom you will see bore a conspicuous 
pait in the attack. Colonel Quantrill has now with him some 350 men of that dar- 
ing and (lashing character which has made the name of Quantrill so feared by our 
enemii's, and iiave aided so much to keep jMissouri, though overrun by Federals, 
identified with the Confederacy. The services of these men can not be spared, but 
an obstacle presents itself which I fear will require more than my exertions to over- 
come. To engage your valual)le assistance in the task is the object of this communi- 
cation. It is with much regret that I find a disposition in these men to avoid coming 
into the service of the Confederacy. Indeed, it is this reluctance which has cause<l 
them to avoid the ])roximity of this army in the march southwanl in search of that 
rest which they and their horses require so much. Yet they have sent Captain 
lirinker to me to make known their wants as to the selection of service, for as to cloth- 
ing, arms, ammunition, horses, they want nothing, and indeed they are totally indif- 
ferent as to pay. They desire to serve with me as ])artisans, and in this they are 
adepts, and could be made very valuable as such to the army; l)ut for reasons which 
they hold good they will not come under the direct command of (ieneral Holmes, 
nor will they l)e attached to any brigade, but are willing and anxious to serve if 
allowed to do so as above. I have urged ui)on them to join regularly our army and 
subject themselves to such orders as its welfare might require. As it is ])ossible they 
will visit your neighborhood, you could use your infiuence to good advantage by 
urging them to attach themselves to the army. Their objections are not without 
fouiKlation. In the first place, many of those restless spirits, I'hafing under the inac- 
tivity of the army in Arkansas during the last winter and spring, di'serted from 
General Hindman's and (ieneral Holmes's commands to seek more active scenes of 
operations — errors might be overlooked by an extension of the Presiilent's clem- 
ency toward deserters. Again, tliey have l)een outlawed by the Federal authorities, 
and expect no mercy or clemency at their hands, not even the chances of jirisoners 
of war; and they think that if u.«ed only as scouts and rangers, to ascertain and watch 
the movements of an enemy, they would be able to protect themselves against any 



LOCAL DEFENSE. 325 

surrender of our forces, should such a calamity overtake us. Captiiin Briiiker reports 
to me that he has now a battalion of these men which he w'ould brint^ into the serv- 
ice for such a purpose if allowed to place them under my immediate command. 

■* ' * * * * * * 

AVith considerations of personal regard and esteem, I remain, 
Your obedient servant, 

Sterling Price. 
[Ibid., Series I, Vol. LIII, p. 907.] 

It is probable that man}- of tho ivreg'iilar org-anizatioiis in Missouri, 
especially those which existed prior to the Confederate legislation of 
October 13, 1862, were formed without any authority, either military 
or legislative, but those formed after that date should probably be 
classed among the squads and companies organized under the act 
referred to for local defense; and in this connection it is to be noted 
that Missouri was one of the States in which the con.scription act was 
suspended, and that therefore all citizens of whatever age were author- 
ized b}' the act of October 13, 1862, to form themselves into companies 
for local defense. 

It is not the purpose to here quote the voluminous correspondence 
and orders relative to the treatment of members of partisan corps and 
companies organized for local defense when captured by the enemy, 
but it may be stated that troops of the former class were recognized 
as entitled to the privileges of prisoners of war, while those of the 
latter class, commonly called guerrillas, were, in the State of Missouri, 
summarily shot when captured by the enemy within his own lines. 
This treatment of guerrillas is believed to have been accorded b}' both 
belligerents. 

As before stated, the number of partisan or local troops organized in 
Missouri during the civil war is not known and there are no records 
on file from which a satisfactory approximation can be made. It was, 
however, sufficiently large to give the Federal authorities much annoy- 
ance and to occupy the attention of a military force that would other- 
wise have been available for other fields of service. A list of the few 
organizations of which official mention has been found accompanies 
this paper. 



LISTS OF CONFEDERATE ORGANIZATIONS. 



327 



LIST OF MISSOURI STATE GUARD ORGANIZATIONS 
COOPERATING WITH CONFEDERATE TROOPS.' 



CAVALRY. 



First Regiment, First Division. 

First Battalion, First Division. (Became Third Cavalry Regiment, 
First Division.) 

First Battalion, Independent Rangers. (Second Cavalry Battalion, 
First Division.) 

First Regiment, Fourth Division. 

First Regiment, Fifth Division. 

First Regiment, Sixth Division. 

First Battalion, Seventh Division. 

First Regiment, Eighth Division. 

Second Regiment, First Division. 

Second Battalion, First Division. (Also known as First Cavalry Bat- 
talion, Independent Rangers.) 

Second Regiment, Sixth Division. 

Second Regiment, Eighth Division. 

Third Regiment, First Division. (See First Cavalry Battalion, First 
Division.) 

Third Regiment, Eighth Division. 

Fourth Regiment, Eighth Division. 

Fifth Regiment, Eighth Division. 

Sixth Regiment, Eighth Division. 

Seventh Regiment, Eighth Division, (See Vernon County Cavalry 
Battalion.) 

Eighth Regiment, Eighth Division. 

Ninth Regiment, Eighth Division. 

Tenth Regiment, Eighth Division. 

Eleventh Regiment, Eighth Division. 

Twelfth Regiment, Eighth Division. 

Thirteenth Regiment, Eighth Division. 

Fourteenth Regiment, Eighth Division. 

Bruce's Regiment, Second Division. 

Burbridge's Regiment, Second Division. 

Callaway Guards. (Capt. D. H. Mclntyre's companv. Second Divi- 
sion. Probably cavalry, but not positively ascertained.) 

Extra Battalion, Fourth Division. (Attached to First Infantr}' Regi- 
ment.) 

" This list is made up from such official data as have been discovered on the files 
of the War Department, but the rolls of the State Guard organizations are not on file, 
and other records are meager. The list, alth(_iugh probably not complete, is as nearly 
complete as it can be made from the records of the Department. 

329 



330 MISSOURI TKOOPS CONFEDERATE. 

Franklin's Regiment, Second Division. 

Green's Reo-inient, Second Division. 

Hawkins's Kegiment. Second Division. 

Kennett Rovers. (Company B, First Cavalry Regiment, First Divi- 
sion.) 

Major's Regiment. Tliird Division. 

Missouri Rangers. (Compan}" A, First Cavalry Regiment, First 
Division.) 

Plattin Rangers. (Capt. White Kennett's company. Prol)al)ly cav- 
alrv, but not positiveh^ ascertained.) 

Vernon Count}' Battalion. (Became Seventh Cavali^v, Eighth Divi- 
sion.) 

ARTILLERY. 

First Battalion, Fifth Division. (Probably composed of O'Reirdon's, 

Richardson's, and McDonald's batteries, Companies A. B, and C.) 
Bledsoe's Battery, commanded by Capt. H. M. Bledsoe. (Reorgan- 
ized for Confederate service.) 
Clark's Batter3\ (Reorganized for Confederate service.) 
Gorham's Battery. (Reorganized for Confederate service.) 
Guibor's Battery. (Reorganized for Confederate service.) 
Kelly's Battery.' 
Kneisley's Battery. 

McDonald's Battery C, commanded by Capt. Robert McDonald. 
(Reorganized for Confederate service. See First Artillery Bat- 
talion.) 
O'Reirdon's Battery A. (See First Artillery Battalion.) 
Richardson's Battery B. (See First Artillery Battalion.) 
Wade's Battery. (Reorganized for Confederate service.) 

INFANTRY. 

First Regiment, First Division. 
First Battalion, First Division. 
First Regiment, Third Division. 
First Regiment, Fourth Division. 
First Regiment, Fifth Division. 
First Battalion, Fifth Division. 
First Battalion, Seventh Division. 
First Regiment, P^ighth Division. 
Second Regiment, First Division. 
Second Battalion, First Division. 
Second Regiment, Third Division. 
Second Regiment, Fourth Division. 
Second Regiment, Fifth Division. 
Second Regiment, Eighth Division. 
Third Regiment, First Division. 
Thii'd Battalion, First Division. 
Third Regiment. Third Division. 
Third Regiment, Fifth Division. 
Third Regiment, Kighth Dixision. 
Fourth Regiment. First Division. 
Fourth Regiment, 'I'hird Division. 
Fourth Regiment, Eighth Division. 



ORGANIZATIONS OF STATE GUARD. 331 

Fifth Reg'iment, First I^ivision. 

Fifth Regiment, Third Division. 

Fifth Regiment, mounted. Fifth Division. 

Fifth Regiment, Eighth Division. 

Fifth Battalion. (Division not ascertained.) 

Sixth Regiment, Third Division. 

Sixth Regiment, Eighth Division. 

Alexander's Reg'iment. Sixth Division. 

Blue Rangers. (Company E, First Infantry Regiment, Eighth Divi- 
sion.) 

Coleman's Regiment. (Division not ascertained.) 

Dill's Battalion, Sixth Division. 

Extra Battalion, Fourth Division. (Attached to First Infantry Regi- 
ment, Fourth Division.) 

Kelly's Regiment, Sixth Division. 

]\Iarble Cit}' Guards. (Company A, First Infantry Battalion, First 
Division.) 

Rawling's Battalion, Second Division. 

Robinson's Battalion, Second Division. 

Ross's Regiment. (Division not ascertained.) 

Thornton's Battalion, Fourth Division. 



LIST OF MISSOURI ORGANIZATIONS IN THE SERVICE 
OF THE CONFEDERATE STATES." 



CAVALRY. 

First (Gates's) Regiment. 

First (Elliott's) Battalion. (Also known as Tenth Cavalry Battalion, 
Recruited to a regiment.) 

First Battalion. (See Fourth Cavalry J^attalion.) 

First Northeast Regiment. (Consolidated with Second Northeast 
Cavahy Regiment to form Franklin's Seventh Infantr}'^ Regiment.) 

First Battalion, First Indian Brigade. 

First and Third Regiment, dismounted. (Formed October 1, 1863, 
by the consolidation of dismounted men of different organizations.) 

Second Regiment. 

Second Northeast Regiment. (See First Northeast Cavalry Regi- 
ment.) 

Third Regiment. 

Third Battalion. (Also known as Fifth and Sixth Cavalry Battal- 
ion. Temporaril}^ consolidated with First Cavalry Regiment.) 

Fourth Regiment. 

Fourth Battalion. (Also known as First Cavahy Battalion. Con- 
solidated with Second Cavalry Regiment.) 

Fifth Regiment. (Also known as La Faj'ette County Regiment.) 

Fifth Battalion. (See Third Cavalry Battalion.) 

Sixth Regiment. (Also known as Southwest Cavalry; became Eleventh 
Cavalry Regiment.) 

Sixth Battalion. (See Third Cavalry Battalion.) 

Seventh Regiment. (Also known as Kitchen's Tenth Cavalry Regi- 
ment.) 

Eighth Regiment. 

Tenth (Lawther's) Regiment. 

Tenth (Kitchen's) Regiment. (See Seventh Cavalry Regiment.) 

Tenth Battalion. (See First Cavalry Battalion.) 

Eleventh Regiment. 

Eleventh Battalion. (Consolidated with Lawther's Tenth Cavalry 
Regiment.) 

Twelfth Regiment. 

Twelfth Battalion. 

Fourteenth Battalion. 

Fifteenth Regiment. 

Clark's Regiment. (Also known as Clark's Recruits.) 

'This lint is made up from such official data as have been discovered on the files 
of the War Department, but the rolls and other records of Confederate organizations 
are in('oiii()lete, and the list is n(jt fjiven as a complete roster of Missouri orijaniza- 
tions in the Ccjiifederate service. It is as nearly complete as it can be made from the 
records on file. 
332 



ORGANIZATIONS IN CONFEDERATP: STATES SERVICE. 833 

Clark's Recruits. (Clark's Cavalry Reg-inient.) 

Clarkson's Battalion Independent Rangers. (Missouri and Arkansas 
troops, merged into Clark's Ninth Infantry Reg'iment.) 

Cotiee's Regiment. 

Crandall's Battalion. 

Davies's Battalion. 

Freeman's Regiment. 

Fristoe's Regiment. 

Hunter's Regiment. 

Jackman's Regiment. 

Jackson County Regiment. (Became Twelfth Cavalry Regiment.) 

JelS'ers's Battalion. (Became Eighth Cavalry Regiment.) 

Kitchen's Battalion. (Became Seventh Cavalry Regiment.) 

La Fayette County Regiment. (Fifth Cavalry Regiment.) 

Lawther's Temporary Regiment, dismounted. (Organized in August, 
1863, Iw assignment of companies from the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, 
Tenth, and Twelfth Cavalry regiments.) 

MacDonald's Regiment. (Became Eleventh Cavalry Battalion.) 

Northeast Battalion. (Snider's Cavalry Battalion.) 

Perkins's Regiment. 

Preston's Battalion. (Consolidated with Fourth Cavalry Reg-iment.) 

Reves's Battalion. 

Rol^erts's Company. 

Schnable's Battalion. 

Searcy's Regiment. 

Slayback's Battalion. 

Snider's Battalion. (Also known as Northeast Cavalry.) 

Southwest Regiment. (Sixth, subsequentlv Eleventh, Cavalry Regi- 
ment.) 

Western Rangers. (Company C, Second Cavahy.) 

Williams's Battalion. 

Windsor Guards. (Company I, Second Cavalry.) 

ARTILLERY. 

Barret's Battery. (See Rice's Battery.) 

Bell's Battery. (See Hamilton's Battery.) 

Bledsoe's Battery, commanded ])v Capt. Hiram M. Bledsoe. 

Bledsoe's Battery, commanded by Capt. Joseph Bledsoe. 

Bowman's Battery. (Subsequenth' Parson's Battery.) 

Clark Artillery, conmianded by Capt. S. Churchill Clark; subse- 
quently by Capt. Clark W. Kennerly and Capt. Houston King. 

Colli ns's Battery. 

Dawson's Battery. (See St. Louis Battery.) 

Foster's Battery. (Consolidated with Ninth Battalion, Sharpshooters.) 

Gorham's Batterv. (Subsequentlv Tilden's Batter}^ and Lesueur's 
Battery.) 

Griswold's Battery. 

Guibor's Battery. 

Hamilton's Battery. (Subsequenth' Bell's Battery. Also known as 
Prairie Gun Battery. Attached to Eleventh Cavalry Battalion.) 

Harris's Batterv, old. (Consolidated with McDonald's (Robert) Bat- 
tery to form Company D. Sixth Infantry.) 

Harris's Battery, new. 

Hunter's Batterv. 



834 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

Jackson Battei\v. (Also known a.s Lucas's Battery, and Lowe's Bat- 
tery. Consolidated with St. Louis Batter}',) 

Kennerly's Battery. (See Clark Artillery.) 

Kino's Battery. (See Clark Artillery.) 

Landis's Battery. 

Lesueur\s Batter\\ (See Gorham's Battery.) 

Lowe's Battery. (See Jackson Battery.) 

Lucas's Battery. (See Jackson Battery.) 

McDonald's Batter}-, commanded by Capt. Emmett McDonald. (See 
St. Louis Battery.) 

McDonald's Battery, commanded b}' Capt. Robert McDonald. 
(Orio'inally Company C, Missouri State Guard Artillery, consoli- 
dated with Harris's Battery, old, to form Compan}' D, Sixth Infantry 
Regiment.) 

Parson's Battery. (Became Company I, Sixth Infantry Regiment. 
See Bowman's Battery.) 

Prairie Gun Battery. (See Hamilton's Batter3^) 

Rice's Battery. (Subsequently Barret's Battery.) 

Roberts's Battery. (Subsequenth' Rutiner's Batter}'.) 

Ruffner's Battery. (See Robert's Battery.) 

St. Louis Battery. (Also known as McDonald's (Emmett) Battery and 
Dawson's Battery.) 

Tilden's Battery. (See Gorham's Battery.) 

Tull's Battery.' 

Wade's Battery. (Subsequently Walsh's Battery.) 

Walsh's Battery. (See Wade's^Battery.) 

Woodson's Battery. (Company C, Fourteenth Cayalry Battalion.) 

INFANTRY. 

First (Bowen's) Regiment. 

First (Burbridge's) Regiment. (See Burbridge's Second Infantry 
Regiment.) 

First Regiment. (See Tenth Infantry Regiment.) 

First (Johnson's) Battalion. (Consolidated with Fourth Infantry 
Regiment.) 

First Battalion, First Brigade, Army of Tennessee. (See Second 
Infantry Biittalion.) 

First and Fourth Regiment, consolidated. 

Second (Burl)ridge's) Regiment. (Also knoAvn as First Infantry Regi- 
Regiment.) 

Second (Hunter's) Regiment. (Seryed as cayalry until dismounted, 
August y>l, 1862. Subsecpiently Eighth, changed to Eleycnth, 
Infantry Regiment.) 

Second Regiment. (See Gause's Third Infantry Regiment.) 

Second Battalion. (Also known as First Infantry Battalion. First 
Brigade, Ai'iny of Tennessee. Consolidated with Fifth Infantry 
Regiment.) 

Second and Sixth Regiment. (Formed by consolidation of the Sec- 
ond and Sixth Infantry regiments October 1, 1868.) 

Third (Gause's) Regiment. (Also known as Second Infantry Regi- 
ment.) 

Third Regiment. (See White's Ninth Infantry Regiment.) 

Third (Erwin's) Biittalion. (Also known as Fifth Infantry Battalion. 
Merged into Sixth Infantry Regiment.) 



ORGANIZATIONS IN CONFEDERATE 8TATE^^ bERVICE. 335 

Third and Fifth Regiment. (Formed l)y consolidation of the Third 
and Fifth Infantry regiments.) 

Fonrth Regiment. (Consolidated with First Infantry Regiment.) 

Fifth Regiment. (Consolidated with Third Infantry Regiment.) 

Sixth Regiment. (Formed from Frwin's Third and Hedgpeth's bat- 
talions. Consolidated with Second Infantr}' Regiment.) 

Seventh (Franklin's) Regiment. (Formed by consolidation of First 
and Second Northeast Cavalry regiments.) 

Seventh (Jackman's) Regiment. (Also called First, Third, Fourth, 
Fourteenth, Fifteenth, and Sixteenth Infantry Regiment.) 

Seventh (MitchelFs) Battalion, (Consolidated with Frazier's Battalion 
to form MitchelFs Eighth Infantry Regiment.) 

Eighth (Burns's) Regiment. (Formerly Hunter's Second Infantry 
Reginjent; subsec|uently Eleventh Infantry Regiment.) 

Eighth (Mitchell's) Regiment. (Also known as Fifth Infantry Regi- 
ment. Formed l)y consolidation of Mitchell's Seventh and Frazier's 
Infantry battalions.) 

Eighth Battalion. (Consolidated with Clark's Ninth Infantiy Regi- 
ment.) 

Ninth (Clark's) Regiment. (Formed from Eighth Infantrj^ Battalion 
and the Missouri companies of Clark's Arkansas and Missouri Bat- 
talion.) 

Ninth (White's) Regiment. (Also known as Third and Twelfth Infan- 
try Regiment. ) 

Ninth Battalion, Sharpshooters. (Also known as Pindall's Sharp- 
shooters.) 

Tenth Regiment. (Also known as First Infantry Regiment.) 

Eleventh Regiment. (See Hunter's Second and Burns's Eighth Infan- 
try regiments.) 

Twelfth Regiment. (See White's Ninth Infantry Regiment.) 

Thirteenth Regiment. (Also known as Fourteenth Infantry Regi- 
ment.) 

Thirteenth Battalion, mounted. 

Fourteenth Regiment. 

Fourteenth Regiment. (See Thirteenth Infantry Regiment.) 

Fifteenth Regiment. 

Sixteenth Regiment. 

Clarksoivs Battalion, Arkansas and Missouri volunteers. (The Mis- 
souri companies were consolidated with the Eighth Infantr}^ l?at- 
talion to form Clark's Ninth Infantry Regiment.) 

Frazier's Battalion. (Consolidated with Mitchell's Eighth Infantry 
Regiment.) 

Hedgpeth's Battalion. (Consolidated with Sixth Infantry Regiment.) 

Hughes's Battalion. 

Hunter's Battalion. (Became Hunter's Second Infantry Regiment.) 

Macfarlane's Battalion. (Consolidated with Fourth Infantry Regi- 
ment.) 

Pickett's Battalion. 

Pindall's Sharp.shooters. (Ninth Infantry Battalion.) 

Rosser's Battalion. 

Stern's Battalioji. 

Winston's Reeiment. 



LIST OF MISSOURI LOCAL DEFENSE ORGANIZATIONS, 
CONFEDERATE SERVICE.' 



Boone's. 
Cameron's. 
Cobb's. 
Cockrell's. 



Coleman's, 
Ciabtree's. 
Crow's. 
Hawthorne's. 



Hindman's. 
Hudson's. 
Hunter's. 
Irwin's. 



Parcel's. 
Quantrill's. 
Reves's. 
Tracy's. 



"This list is made up from such official mention of the Missouri local defense 
organizations as has been discovered, but the rolls of the organizations are not on tile 
in the War Department, and it is probable that none were ever prepared. The num- 
ber of such local organizations is not known, but there is reason to believe that it was 
very largely in excess of the number here given. 
336 



o 



H 122 80 






4 






§ 



g 



'^^ 









*1 o. 














v-o"^ 




'oK 




o'^ .•^^;,%'^° 



'^o^ 







.^ /. 







c' 






A^^ 










-^-0^ 




'bV^ 













.0 



** 



V 






.T* A 



^^ ,^J^^^\ ** fO^.C^^"^^ 



^o 







1^ . ' • 











^^..c,^' 














''X c°^c;^-"°o y.-^^X co\.i^-.% .,**^ 




^* ' JK- "-0./ :^&". %/ .•^^•: \./ .•^&"-. 



v" ^^% '■ 






.0 ^P^ ••'■•* -V °^ ••» ^° V. "^ «V^ °^ 



^ V 





-^0^ 






^Ao^ 



'^^ **Tr;-* .«,^' 




'bV 



O. *oVo' ^^0" '^ 



4 V «1» 









f^' ^Ov-^ 



.0- 




.»■* o. 













-^^^^ 



^-^9^" 



•^^^^ 








N. MANCHESTER, 
INDIANA 46962 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



013 760 337 8 



m 



